Yesani galimoto yosadziwika Fiat

Zaka 60 za Centro Stile Fiat chowiringula chabwino kuti muwone mbiri yapadera

Kukula kwa munthu payekha ndikubwereza mwachidule mbiri yakale - chowonadi cha mawu awa a Ernst Haeckel chadziwika kale mu chiphunzitso cha chisinthiko. Komabe, titha kugwiritsa ntchito izi pakukula kwamagalimoto.

Kutsatsa kwa BMW sikungalephere kutchula kuti injini za ndege zili mumtundu wa kampaniyo ndipo ngakhale chithunzi chamtundu chimawonetsa izi, pomwe Mercedes amanyadira kupanga magalimoto ndi mabasi. Koma bwanji za gulu lomwe lili pansi pa dzina la Fiat - ngakhale pakali pano lagawidwa m'magawo agalimoto, kuphatikiza Chrysler ndi mzere wamagalimoto opepuka komanso gulu la mafakitale lomwe limaphatikizapo magalimoto a Iveco, zida zaulimi za Case ndi New Holland, ndi injini zam'madzi. M'mbiri yoyambirira ya mtunduwu, yomwe inayamba m'midzi ya Turin mu 1899, tikhoza kupeza zinthu monga injini za ndege komanso ngakhale ndege. Ndipotu, magawano ndege wa kampani (Fiat Aviazione) opangidwa ndege pakati pa nkhondo ziwiri, mu 1955 "Fiat G91" anasankhidwa mwanzeru womenya ndi NATO, ndipo pansi pa dzina "Fiat 7002" amabisa helikopita. Kodi mumadziwa kuti pali ma locomotive omwe amatchedwa Fiat.

M'malo mwake, kampani yamagalimoto ya Fiat, yomwe lero ili ndi pafupifupi mitundu yonse yamagalimoto aku Italy - kuchokera ku Alfa Romeo kupita ku Copje, Maserati ndi Ferrari, komanso posachedwa American Chrysler, idakhazikika osati m'moyo wamakampani aku Italy okha, komanso ndi gawo limodzi. za cholowa chamtengo wapatali cha mbiri yakale. Fiat imayikidwa mu genotype ya ku Italy ndi malingaliro ake enieni. M'dziko lokhala ndi mbiri yakale ya Ufumu wa Roma komanso umunthu monga Leonardo ndi Michelangelo kwa zaka 119 zapitazi, Fiat yemwe akuchita upainiya alipo ngati cholowa chosasinthika. Osangonena kokha chifukwa cha zopereka zake ku Italy. Chifukwa chizindikirocho ndi chuma chonse ku Italy komanso kampani yomwe yathandizira kwambiri pakukweza galimoto yonse, ndiukadaulo wosatsutsika pakupanga ndi ukadaulo. Ndinali ndi mwayi wolankhula ndi mainjiniya aku Italiya kangapo ndipo nditha kunena kuti izi ndizopambana. Ndi mlengi waku Italiya yekha amene anganene za zolengedwa zake ndi kukula, mphamvu ndi changu cha wochititsa, ndi mawu amisiri omwe amamenya kuchokera pansi pamtima pake ndikumveka ngati nyimbo ya zisudzo zaku Italiya. 1958, pomwe Centro Stile yawo idapangidwa, zolembedwa mu mbiri yakale ya Fiat, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale galimoto yoyamba yamtunduwu ku Europe. Pomwe pachimake pa mzimu wopanga zinthu, kampaniyo imagwiranso ntchito ndi malo opangira zinthu monga Froy, Pininfarina ndi Giugiaro mdera la Turin. Ndipo lero tili ndi ngongole ya Fiat's Centro Ricerce Technical Center (CRF) yopita patsogolo kwambiri paukadaulo wamagalimoto, omwe ndi akatswiri ku Fiat, omwe likulu lawo lachitukuko tsopano ndi Fiat Powertrain Technologies kapena FTP, dziko lapansi likuyenera kutsata dongosolo la njanji. injini dizilo ndi wotsatira Multijet, ntchito yawo ndi woyamba turbocharged injini dizilo ndi jekeseni mwachindunji, analengedwa mu 1986. Zolengedwa za FTP kapena FCR yomwe idatsogolera FCR ndizodabwitsa kwambiri MultiAir hydraulic drive ndi suction valve control, T-JET petrol turbo engines, TwinAir twin-cylinder injini yoyamba yamakono, Selespeed automated manual transmission kumapeto kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi atatu, dongosolo loyamba. mu 1980 injini za petulo komanso potumiza ndi ma TCT awiri. Kutchuka kotereku m'zaka zaposachedwa ukadaulo wogwiritsa ntchito nsanja wamba yamitundu ingapo idayambitsidwa koyamba ndi akatswiri a Fiat okhala ndi mitundu 127 ndi 128 kumapeto kwa 60s ndi 70s koyambirira! Ndipo chifukwa cha ziwerengero - Fiat akadali ndi mbiri ya galimoto ndi injini yaikulu kwambiri - kusamutsidwa kwa injini ya 76-cylinder (!) Fiat S1910 injini ya 28,3, yotchedwa "Turin Chilombo", sichinayambenso. pa XNUMX. , Malita 300, ali ndi mphamvu ndendende XNUMX hp. pa 1900 rpm ndipo idapangidwa kuti ipose Blitzen Benz panthawiyo zivute zitani. Mu 1912, idafika pa liwiro la 290 km / h ndipo ndiyotsutsana kwakukulu ndi magwiridwe antchito a zolengedwa zambiri za Fiat zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kopambana. Inde, kampani yaku Italiya yakhala ikuyang'ana mobwerezabwereza magawo abwino pamsika wamagalimoto m'mbiri yake, koma pamapeto pake dzina lake lenileni limamangidwa ndikukhazikitsidwa monga wopanga zinthu zatsopano koma zotsika mtengo. Zomwe zili pamwambazi ndi zolengedwa zochititsa chidwi kwambiri za akatswiri a ku Italy - ngakhale mu nthawi zovuta kwambiri za mbiri yake, monga zaka khumi zomwe zinayamba mu 1970, pamene Italy ndi Fiat makamaka zinang'ambika ndi kumenyedwa, akatswiri ndi okonza akupitiriza kupanga magalimoto. ndi mzimu wosakanizidwa. Ngakhale nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse isanachitike, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti dzina lake likhale lofunikira pamakampani apadziko lonse lapansi, Fiat anali ndi malingaliro ake pagalimoto yadziko. Topolino 500 inakhazikitsa maziko, koma ndi motorization yoona ku Europe mzaka za 1936 ndi 50, Fiat idachita gawo lalikulu mzaka zake za 60s ndi 600s, zopangidwa ndi wolemba stylist waluso komanso mainjiniya a Dante Giacosa, omwe akhala akuchita bizinesi kwa zaka 500. ntchito yake ku Fiat. Monga chuma cha anthu, Fiat ipitilizabe kutulutsa zamakono 1100, 1300/1500, 850, 124, 125, 128 ndi 127, zambiri zomwe zipangidwa m'maiko achitatu monga India, Soviet Union ngakhale Bulgaria, ndipo zithandizira ... zoyendetsa mayiko onse.

Kutsogolo kwa kapangidwe, ukadaulo ndi kupanga

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 20, oyang'anira Fiat adayang'ana poyambitsa njira zazikulu zopangira makina atsopano, apamwamba kwambiri ku Lignoto, ndipo mu 1946 anapita ku Chrysler kuti aphunzire kuchokera kuzinthu zamakono zamakono zamagalimoto. Mbiri nthawi zina imatipatsa zododometsa zachilendo - zaka 70 pambuyo pake, Chrysler tsopano ndi ya Fiat. Kafukufuku wokhudza mbiri ya Fiat atha kukhala chifukwa cha zolemba zambiri zomwe zidawonetsa mochititsa chidwi kuphatikizika kwa uinjiniya waku Italy ndi mzimu waku Italy wamalembedwe, komanso kuthandizira kwake mosakayikira pakukula kwa chikhalidwe cha magalimoto. Komabe, zonsezi si chifukwa cha mfundo ndi kuwerengetseratu mfundo, koma chinachake mozama kwambiri, chifukwa mapangidwe mwachindunji zokhudzana osati okonza, komanso luso la njira kupanga, sayansi aerodynamics ndi zotsatira. wa bungwe lovuta. Mzimu wa stylistic uwu ukhoza kutsatiridwa m'mbiri yonse ya Fiat - kuchokera ku mizere yothamanga ya nthawi ya Art Nouveau kapena mizere yoyera ya kulingalira kwa zaka za m'ma 20, mpaka mawonekedwe ogwira ntchito ndi mawonetseredwe a zinthu zoyamba za aerodynamics za 30s, minimalism ya mawonekedwe a 50s, malo athyathyathya a 60 70s ndi 80s, kusinthika kwamakono kwa magwiridwe antchito komwe kunayamba mu XNUMXs.

(kutsatira)

Zolemba: Georgy Kolev