Cholinga ndi momwe magwiridwe antchito a masensa opitilira muyeso amathandizira

Kutumiza kwadzidzidzi kwagalimoto kumayang'aniridwa ndi makina a magetsi. Njira yosinthira magalasi othamangitsana amapezeka chifukwa cha kukakamizidwa kwamadzimadzi ogwira ntchito, ndipo zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zimayang'anira magwiridwe antchito ndikuwongolera mayendedwe amadzimadzi ogwiritsira ntchito mavavu. Pogwira ntchito, womalizirayo amalandila chidziwitso chofunikira kuchokera ku masensa omwe amawerenga malamulo a driver, liwiro lagalimoto, kuchuluka kwa ntchito pa injini, komanso kutentha ndi kuthamanga kwa madzi akugwira ntchito.

Mitundu ndi momwe magwiridwe antchito a masensa otengera okha

Cholinga chachikulu cha kayendedwe kazowongolera zodziwikiratu kamatha kutchedwa kutsimikiza kwa nthawi yoyenera pomwe kusintha kwamagalimoto kuyenera kuchitika. Pachifukwa ichi, magawo ambiri ayenera kuganiziridwa. Zojambula zamakono zili ndi pulogalamu yoyendetsera bwino yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wosankha njira yoyenera kutengera momwe zinthu zikugwirira ntchito komanso momwe galimoto ikuyendera pakadali pano, yotsimikizika ndi masensa.

Pogwiritsa ntchito zodziwikiratu, zazikuluzikulu ndi masensa othamanga (kudziwa kuthamanga pamayendedwe olowera ndi ma gearbox), masensa opanikizika ndi otentha amadzimadzi ogwirira ntchito komanso chojambulira chosankha (inhibitor). Iliyonse ya iwo ili ndi kapangidwe kake ndi cholinga. Zambiri kuchokera kuma sensa ena amgalimoto zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito.

Malo osankhira

Udindo wa chosankhira magiya ukasinthidwa, malo ake atsopano amakonzedwa ndi sensa yapadera yosankha. Deta yolandiridwayi imafalikira ku chipinda chowongolera zamagetsi (nthawi zambiri chimakhala chosiyana ndikutumiza zokhazokha, koma nthawi yomweyo chimalumikizana ndi injini yagalimoto ECU), yomwe imayambitsa mapulogalamu ofanana. Izi zimayambitsa makina a hydraulic malinga ndi momwe asankhidwira poyendetsa ("P (N)", "D", "R" kapena "M"). Chojambulira ichi nthawi zambiri chimatchedwa "inhibitor" m'mabuku azamagalimoto. Nthawi zambiri, sensa imapezeka pagalimoto yosankha zida, yomwe imakhala pansi pa galimotoyo. Nthawi zina, kuti mudziwe zambiri, zimalumikizidwa ndi kuyendetsa kwa valavu ya spool posankha mayendedwe amgalimoto mthupi la valavu.

Chojambulira chosankha chosankha chokha chitha kutchedwa "multifunctional", popeza chizindikirocho chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuyatsa magetsi oyang'ana kutsogolo, komanso kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito oyambira mu "P" ndi "N" modes. Pali mitundu ingapo yamasensa yomwe imazindikira malo osankhira. Pamtima pa classic sensor sensor pali potentiometer yomwe imasintha kukana kwake kutengera malo a lever wosankha. Kapangidwe kake, ndi gulu lama mbale osunthika omwe chimasunthira chinthu chosunthira, chomwe chimalumikizidwa ndi wosankha. Kutengera ndi malo oyenda, kutsutsana kwa sensa kumasintha, motero mphamvu yotulutsa. Zonsezi zili munyumba yosasiyanitsidwa. Pakachitika vuto linalake, chojambulira chosankha chitha kutsukidwa ndikutsegulira poyeseza ma rivets. Komabe, ndizovuta kukhazikitsa choletsa kuti igwire ntchito mobwerezabwereza, chifukwa chake ndikosavuta kungosintha kachipangizo cholakwika.

Kuthamanga kwachangu

Monga lamulo, zotengera zokhazokha zimayikidwa pang'onopang'ono. Imodzi imalemba kuthamanga kwa shaft yolowera (yoyamba), yachiwiri imayesa kuthamanga kwa shaft yotulutsa (yamagalimoto oyendetsa kutsogolo, uku ndiye kuthamanga kwa magudumu osiyana). Kutumiza kokha kwa ECU kumagwiritsa ntchito kuwerengera kwa sensa yoyamba kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa injini ndikusankha zida zoyenera. Deta yochokera ku sensa yachiwiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito: momwe malamulo oyendetsera ntchito adakwaniritsidwa molondola komanso zida zomwe zidafunikira zidatsegulidwa.

Kapangidwe kake, sensa yothamanga ndimakina oyandikana ndi maginito kutengera mphamvu ya Hall. Chojambuliracho chimakhala ndi maginito okhazikika ndi Hall IC, yomwe ili mnyumba yosindikizidwa. Imazindikira kuthamanga kozungulira kwa shafts ndikupanga ma sign ngati mawonekedwe a AC. Kuti muwonetsetse kuti sensa ikugwira ntchito, pa shaft imayikidwa chomwe chimatchedwa "wheel wheel" chomwe chimakhala ndi ziwerengero zingapo zosinthasintha (nthawi zambiri ndimaudindo amasewera ndi zida wamba). Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito sensa ndi iyi: pamene dzino la gear kapena kutuluka kwa gudumu kudutsa mu sensa, maginito opangidwa ndi iyo amasintha ndipo, malinga ndi momwe Hall imathandizira, chizindikiritso chamagetsi chimapangidwa. Kenako amasinthidwa ndikutumizidwa ku unit control. Chizindikiro chotsika chimafanana ndi chofikira komanso chizindikiritso cham'mbali.

Malfunctions akuluakulu a sensa yotere ndi kukhumudwa kwamilandu ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni a omwe amalumikizana nawo. Chodziwika ndichoti kachipangizo kameneka sikangakhoze "kutulutsidwa" ndi multimeter.

Nthawi zambiri, masensa othamangitsa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati masensa othamanga. Mfundo yogwirira ntchito yawo ili motere: pamene zida zamagetsi zotumizira zimadutsa maginito a sensa, pamagetsi pamagetsi amadzipiritsa ngati mawonekedwe a chizindikiritso. Yotsirizira, kutenga nkhani chiwerengero cha mano zida, kuwerengetsa liwiro panopa. Mawonedwe, sensa yolumikizira imawoneka yofanana kwambiri ndi chojambulira cha Hall, koma imakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pakapangidwe kazizindikiro (analog) ndi momwe imagwirira ntchito - sigwiritsa ntchito voliyumu yamagetsi, koma imadzipangira payokha chifukwa champhamvu zamagetsi. Chojambulira ichi chitha "kulowetsedwa".

Kugwira kachipangizo kutentha madzimadzi

Kutentha kwamadzimadzi ogwira ntchito pakufalitsa kumakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito amkangano. Chifukwa chake, kuti muteteze kutenthedwa, makina otenthetsera kutentha amaperekedwa m'dongosolo. Ndi thermistor (thermistor) ndipo imakhala ndi nyumba komanso chinthu chowonera. Chomalizachi chimapangidwa ndi semiconductor yomwe imasintha kukana kwake pamatenthedwe osiyanasiyana. Chizindikiro chochokera ku sensa chimafalikira kuma unit of control transmission. Monga lamulo, ndikudalira kokhazikika kwamagetsi pakatentha. Kuwerenga kwa sensa kumatha kupezeka pogwiritsa ntchito sikani yapadera yodziwira.

Chojambulira cha kutentha chitha kukhazikitsidwa munjira yotumizira, koma nthawi zambiri chimamangiriridwa mu zingwe zolumikizira mkati mwazofalitsa zokha. Ngati kutentha kololeza kupitilirika, ECU imatha kuchepetsa mphamvu, mpaka kusintha kwa gearbox kupita modzidzimutsa.

Anzanu mita

Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa kayendedwe ka madzi amadzimadzi pamagetsi othamangitsira, makina opanikizira amatha kuperekedwera. Pakhoza kukhala zingapo (za njira zosiyanasiyana). Kuyeza kumachitika posintha kukakamiza kwamadzimadzi ogwira ntchito kukhala ma siginolo amagetsi, omwe amapatsidwa gawo lamagetsi lamagetsi lamagetsi.

Masensa opanikizika ndi amitundu iwiri:

• Zoyipa - konzani zolakwika zamachitidwe ogwiritsira ntchito kuchokera pamtengo wokhazikika. Nthawi yantchito yabwinobwino, olumikizira sensa amalumikizidwa. Ngati kupanikizika pamalo opangira sensa ndikotsika kuposa momwe amafunira, makina olumikizira sensa amatseguka, ndipo makina oyendetsera mayendedwe amalandira chizolowezi chofananira ndikutumiza lamulo kuti liwonjezere kukakamizidwa.
• Analog - amasintha mulingo wamagetsi kukhala chizindikiritso chamagetsi champhamvu yolingana. Zinthu zosazindikira zama sensa zotere zimatha kusintha kukana kutengera kukula kwa mapangidwe atakakamizidwa.

Masensa othandizira

Kuphatikiza pa masensa akuluakulu okhudzana ndi gearbox, zida zake zamagetsi zitha kugwiritsanso ntchito zidziwitso zomwe zapezeka kuzowonjezera zina. Monga lamulo, awa ndi masensa otsatirawa:

• Brake pedal sensor - chizindikiro chake chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomwe wosankhayo watsekedwa mu "P".
• Chojambulira cha gasi chojambulira - choyikika pamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi. Zimayenera kudziwa momwe pompopompo ilili pakadali pano kuchokera kwa driver.
• SENSOR YOPHUNZITSIRA YOPHUNZITSIRA - Imapezeka mthupi loyenda. Chizindikiro cha sensa iyi chikuwonetsa momwe injini ikugwirira ntchito ndipo imakhudza kusankha zida zabwino kwambiri.

Mndandanda wa masensa opatsirana amadzipangitsa kuti azigwira bwino ntchito komanso azitonthoza panthawi yamagalimoto. Pakakhala zovuta zamagetsi, dongosolo limasokonezeka, ndipo dalaivala adzadziwitsidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi makina owunikira (ndiye kuti, "cholakwika" chofananira chikuwonekera pagulu lazida). Kunyalanyaza zizindikiritso kungabweretse mavuto akulu pazinthu zazikuluzikulu zamagalimoto, chifukwa chake, ngati zovuta zilizonse zikupezeka, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muyankhe mwachangu ndi ntchito yapadera.