Kodi magalimoto amagetsi ndi obiriwira bwanji?
Opanda Gulu

Kodi magalimoto amagetsi ndi obiriwira bwanji?

Kodi magalimoto amagetsi ndi obiriwira bwanji?

Magalimoto amagetsi nthawi zambiri amawonedwa ngati magalimoto okonda zachilengedwe. Koma kodi izi ndi zoona kapena pali zopinga zingapo?

Ndipotu, pali chifukwa chimodzi chokha chomwe galimoto yamagetsi yakula kwambiri ndipo idzafunika: chilengedwe. Monga mukudziwa, magalimoto a petulo ndi dizilo amatulutsa zinthu zapoizoni. Zinthu zimenezi ndi zovulaza osati kwa anthu okha, komanso ku dziko limene tikukhalamo. Ndipotu, malinga ndi kunena kwa asayansi ambiri, maboma ndi mabungwe, nyengo ya dziko lathu lapansi ikusintha, mwa zina chifukwa cha zinthu zapoizoni zochokera ku galimoto za petulo ndi dizilo.

Kuchokera pamalingaliro amakhalidwe abwino, tiyenera kuchotsa utsiwu. Kodi anthu ambiri akuona chiyani m’nkhaniyi kukhala yankho? Galimoto yamagetsi. Kupatula apo, galimotoyi ilibe utsi wotulutsa mpweya, ngakhalenso utsi wotuluka. Chifukwa chake amawonedwa ngati galimoto yoteteza zachilengedwe. Koma kodi chithunzichi ndi cholondola kapena ndi china? Tikambirana zimenezi m’nkhani ino. Tigawa izi m'magawo awiri, kupanga ndi kuyendetsa galimoto yamagetsi.

Kupanga

Kwenikweni, galimoto yamagetsi imakhala ndi magawo ochepa kwambiri pamayendedwe agalimoto kuposa galimoto yamafuta. Choncho, mungaganize kuti galimoto yamagetsi ikhoza kusonkhanitsidwa m'njira yotetezeka kwambiri. Komabe, zosiyana ndi zoona. Zonse zimamangiriza mbali imodzi yayikulu komanso yolemera kwambiri yagalimoto yamagetsi: batire.

Mabatire a lithiamu-ion awa, ofanana ndi omwe ali mu smartphone ndi laputopu yanu, mwachitsanzo, amapangidwa ndi zitsulo zosiyanasiyana zosowa. Lithium, faifi tambala ndi cobalt zimaphatikizidwa mu batire ya lithiamu ion. Zidazi zimakumbidwa kwambiri kuchokera kumigodi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zambiri za chilengedwe. Mtundu woyipa kwambiri wachitsulo mwina ndi cobalt. Chitsulochi chimakumbidwa makamaka ku Congo, kuchokera komwe chiyenera kutumizidwa kumayiko opanga mabatire. Mwa njira, ntchito ya ana imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa chitsulo ichi.

Koma kodi kupanga mabatire kwa chilengedwe kuli kovulaza motani? Malinga ndi lipoti la International Council for Clean Transport (ICCT), zimawononga 56 mpaka 494 kilogalamu ya CO2 kupanga kWh imodzi ya batri. Tesla Model 3 pakadali pano ili ndi batire yokwanira 75 kWh. Chifukwa chake, malinga ndi ICCT, kupanga batire ya Tesla Model 3 kumawononga pakati pa 4.200 ndi 37.050 2kg COXNUMX.

Kodi magalimoto amagetsi ndi obiriwira bwanji?

Bondo

Ichi ndi chachikulu osiyanasiyana... Izi zili choncho chifukwa pafupifupi theka la mpweya wa CO2 kuchokera kuzinthu zopangira panopa zikugwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. M'mayiko omwe, mwachitsanzo, malasha amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri (China), mpweya wofunikira wa CO2 udzakhala wapamwamba kusiyana ndi dziko lomwe lili ndi mphamvu zambiri zobiriwira, monga France. Choncho, kuyanjana kwa chilengedwe kwa galimoto kumadalira kwambiri chiyambi chake.

Manambala amtheradi ndi osangalatsa, koma zingakhale zosangalatsa kuyerekeza. Kapena, mu nkhaniyi, yerekezerani kupanga galimoto yamagetsi yonse ndi kupanga galimoto yamafuta. Pali graph mu lipoti la ICCT, koma ziwerengero zenizeni sizidziwika. UK Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership idapanga lipoti ku 2015 komwe tingafananize zinthu zingapo.

Kufotokozera koyamba: LowCVP amagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti CO2e. Izi ndizofupikitsa zomwe zimafanana ndi carbon dioxide. Pakupanga galimoto yamagetsi, mpweya wambiri wotulutsa mpweya umatulutsidwa padziko lapansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyengo isinthe mwanjira yake. Pankhani ya CO2e, mipweyayi imasonkhanitsidwa pamodzi ndipo kuthandiza kwawo pa kutentha kwa dziko kumaonekera mu mpweya wa CO2. Chifukwa chake, uku sikutulutsa mpweya weniweni wa CO2, koma ndi chithunzi chomwe chimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuyerekeza mpweya. Izi zimatithandiza kusonyeza galimoto yomwe imapangidwa m'njira yotetezeka kwambiri.

Kodi magalimoto amagetsi ndi obiriwira bwanji?

Chabwino, tiyeni tipitirire ku manambala. Malinga ndi LowCVP, galimoto yokhazikika yamafuta amawononga matani 5,6 a CO2-eq. Galimoto ya dizilo sidzakhala yosiyana kwambiri ndi izi. Malingana ndi deta iyi, galimoto yamagetsi yonse imatulutsa matani 8,8 a CO2-eq. Chifukwa chake, kupanga ma BEV ndi koyipa 57 peresenti kwa chilengedwe kuposa kupanga galimoto ya ICE. Nkhani yabwino kwa okonda mafuta: Galimoto yatsopano ya petulo ndiyotetezeka kwambiri kuposa galimoto yatsopano yamagetsi. Mpaka mutapanga ma kilomita oyamba.

Yendetsani

Ndi kupanga, sikuti zonse zimanenedwa. Phindu lalikulu la chilengedwe la galimoto yamagetsi ndi, ndithudi, kuyendetsa popanda mpweya. Kupatula apo, kutembenuza mphamvu yamagetsi yosungidwa kukhala yoyenda (kudzera pa mota yamagetsi) sikubweretsa CO2 kapena mpweya wa nayitrogeni. Komabe, kupanga mphamvu zimenezi kungawononge chilengedwe. Ndi kutsindika pa akhoza.

Tiyerekeze kuti muli ndi famu yamphepo komanso denga ladzuwa m'nyumba mwanu. Ngati mungalumikizane ndi Tesla yanu, mutha kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri nyengo. Tsoka ilo, izi sizowona kwathunthu. Kuwonongeka kwa matayala ndi mabuleki kupitilirabe kuwononga chilengedwe. Ngakhale kuti nthawi zonse zimakhala bwino kuposa galimoto yokhala ndi injini yoyaka mkati.

Kodi magalimoto amagetsi ndi obiriwira bwanji?

Komabe, ngati mulumikiza galimotoyi mu gridi yamagetsi, kukhazikikako kudzadalira omwe akukupatsani mphamvu. Ngati mphamvuyi imachokera kumalo opangira magetsi, kapena kuipitsitsa, kuchokera kumagetsi opangira malasha, ndiye kuti ndi zoonekeratu kuti mukuchita zochepa ku chilengedwe. Mutha kunena kuti "muli" kusamutsa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya kupita kumagetsi.

Makumi anayi pa zana

Kuti tipeze chithunzi chomveka bwino cha mpweya (wosalunjika) wa galimoto yamagetsi, tiyenera kuyang'ana kafukufuku wochokera ku BloombergNEF, Bloomberg kafukufuku nsanja. Amati mpweya wamagalimoto amagetsi pano ndiwotsika ndi XNUMX peresenti kuposa wamafuta.

Malinga ndi nsanja, ngakhale ku China, dziko lomwe limadalirabe kwambiri magetsi opangira malasha, mpweya wa magalimoto amagetsi ndi wotsika kuposa mafuta. Malinga ndi bungwe la US Energy Information Administration, mu 2015, 72% ya mphamvu zaku China zidachokera kumagetsi opangira malasha. Lipoti la BloombergNEF limaperekanso malingaliro abwino amtsogolo. Ndi iko komwe, maiko akuyesa kwambiri kupeza mphamvu kuchokera ku magwero a mphamvu zongowonjezereka. Choncho, m'tsogolomu, mpweya wochokera ku magalimoto amagetsi udzachepa.

Pomaliza

Magalimoto amagetsi ndi abwino kwa chilengedwe kuposa magalimoto oyaka moto, mwachiwonekere. Koma mpaka pati? Ndi liti pamene Tesla ali bwino kwa chilengedwe kuposa Volkswagen? Ndizovuta kunena. Zimatengera zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Ganizirani zamayendedwe oyendetsa, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, magalimoto oti afananize ...

Tengani Mazda MX-30. Ndi crossover yamagetsi yokhala ndi batire laling'ono la 35,5 kWh. Izi zimafuna zinthu zochepa kwambiri kuposa, mwachitsanzo, Tesla Model X yokhala ndi batire ya 100 kWh. Chifukwa chake, kusintha kwa Mazda kudzakhala kochepa chifukwa mphamvu ndi zida zochepa zimafunikira kupanga galimotoyo. Kumbali ina, mutha kuyendetsa Tesla nthawi yayitali pa batire imodzi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti idzayenda makilomita ambiri kuposa Mazda. Zotsatira zake, phindu lalikulu la Tesla pazachilengedwe ndilokulirapo chifukwa wayenda makilomita ochulukirapo.

Zomwe ziyenera kunenedwa: galimoto yamagetsi idzakhala yabwino kwa chilengedwe m'tsogolomu. Pakupanga mabatire ndi kupanga mphamvu, dziko likupita patsogolo. Ganizirani zobwezeretsanso mabatire ndi zitsulo, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowonjezera zowonjezera. Galimoto yamagetsi ili kale pafupifupi bwino kwa chilengedwe kuposa galimoto yokhala ndi injini yoyaka mkati, koma m'tsogolomu izi zidzakhala zamphamvu.

Komabe, uwu ukadali mutu wosangalatsa koma wovuta. Mwamwayi, uwunso ndi mutu womwe zambiri zalembedwa ndikuchitidwa. Mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za izi? Mwachitsanzo, onerani kanema wa YouTube pansipa womwe umafananiza mpweya wa CO2 wanthawi zonse wagalimoto yamagetsi wanthawi zonse ndi mpweya wa CO2 wa moyo wonse wagalimoto yamafuta.

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