Mafuta a injini: mineral kapena synthetic? Kusankha ndi kusintha

Dziwani kusiyana pakati pa mafuta opangira, semi-synthetic (semi-synthetic) ndi mafuta amchere. Timalangizanso kuti ndi mafuta ati omwe ali bwino kuwonjezera ngati kuli kofunikira, pamene simukudziwa kuti ndi mafuta ati omwe ali mu injini.

Mafuta a injini ndi chimodzi mwamadzimadzi ofunika kwambiri m'galimoto. Imakhala ndi udindo wopaka mafuta pagalimoto, imachepetsa kukangana kwa magawo a injini panthawi yogwira ntchito, imakhala yoyera, komanso imakhala ngati chipangizo chozizirira.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta opangidwa ndi wopanga magalimoto - ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti injini ikhale yabwino.

Komabe, nkhawa zamagalimoto nthawi zambiri zimapereka ziphaso zamafuta enaake, i.e. mapangano alayisensi. Mwachitsanzo, General Motors amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a injini ovomerezeka a dexos2 m'magalimoto aposachedwa akampani (Opel ndi Chevrolet). Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito mafuta osiyanasiyana ndikuwononga injini yanu, mutha kukhala ndi vuto ndi kukonza kwa chitsimikizo chaulere. Koma nthawi zambiri zimawomba pozizira, chifukwa chokhala ndi galimoto pansi pa chitsimikizo, nthawi zambiri timagwiritsa ntchito mautumiki a malo ovomerezeka ovomerezeka, kumene ogwira ntchito amasankha mafuta oyenera.   

Pamasalefu am'masitolo, titha kupeza mafuta opangira, semi-synthetic ndi mineral. 

Monga Pavel Mastalerek, woyang'anira luso la Castrol, akutifotokozera, amasiyana ndi mafuta oyambira ndi ma phukusi owonjezera.

Kupanga mafuta

Mafuta opangira pakali pano ndi omwe amafufuzidwa kwambiri komanso opangidwa kwambiri, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala ogwirizana ndi zomwe opanga injini amafunikira, ndipo ma mota awa amakhala nthawi yayitali komanso amayenda bwino.

Ma Synthetics ndi apamwamba kuposa mafuta amchere ndi semisynthetic m'mbali zonse. Amatha kugwira ntchito pakutentha kwambiri komanso kupanikizika kwambiri pamalo opaka mafuta kuposa amchere kapena opangidwa ndi semisynthetic. Chifukwa cha kukana kwawo kutentha kwambiri, samadziunjikira mu mawonekedwe a madipoziti pazigawo zamkati za injini, zomwe zimatalikitsa moyo wake wautumiki. 

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Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zimakhala zamadzimadzi pamtunda wochepa - zimakhala zamadzimadzi ngakhale mpaka madigiri 60 Celsius. Chifukwa chake, zimakhala zosavuta kuyambitsa injini m'nyengo yozizira, zomwe zimakhala zovuta mukamagwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochulukirapo m'nyengo yozizira kwambiri.

Amachepetsanso kukana komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta. Iwo bwino kusunga injini woyera ndi kuchepetsa madipoziti mmenemo. Nthawi zosinthira zimakhala zazitali chifukwa zimakalamba pang'onopang'ono. Choncho, amatha kugwira ntchito muzomwe zimatchedwa moyo wautali, i.e. kuchuluka kwa mtunda pakati pa kusintha kwa mafuta mgalimoto. Zonsezi zikutanthauza kuti magalimoto ambiri atsopano amagwiritsa ntchito zopangira.

Semi-kupanga mafuta

Semi-synthetics ndi ofanana muzinthu zambiri zopangira, amapereka chitetezo chabwino cha injini kuposa mafuta amchere. Tikhoza kunena kuti iwo ndi mlatho pakusintha kuchokera ku synthetic kupita ku mineral oil. Palibe miyezo yapadera yoti musinthe kuchokera kumafuta opangira kupita ku semisynthetic komanso nthawi yanji. Ngakhale galimoto yayendetsa makilomita zikwi mazana angapo, koma galimotoyo ilibe zizindikiro zowonongeka ndipo ikugwira ntchito mokwanira, sikuvomerezeka kukana zopanga.

Semi-synthetic ikhoza kukhala yankho ngati tikufuna kusunga ndalama. Mafuta oterowo ndi otsika mtengo kuposa opanga ndipo amapereka chitetezo chapamwamba cha injini. Lita imodzi yamafuta opangira nthawi zambiri imawononga ndalama zambiri kuposa PLN 30, mitengo imatha kufika PLN 120. Tilipira pafupifupi PLN 25-30 pa semi-synthetics ndi PLN 18-20 yamadzi amchere.

Mafuta amchere

Mafuta a mchere salinso otsika kwambiri monga momwe analili zaka zingapo zapitazo, komabe ali oipitsitsa kuposa mitundu yonse. Ndikoyenera kuzigwiritsa ntchito m'mainjini akale omwe ali ndi mtunda wautali, komanso ngati akuwotcha mafuta, i.e. pamene galimoto imadya mafuta ambiri.

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Ngati tikugula galimoto yogwiritsidwa ntchito, monga galimoto yazaka 10 yomwe ili ndi injini yowonongeka kwambiri ndipo sitikudziwanso kuti mafuta omwe ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kale ndi chiyani, ndi bwino kusankha mafuta amchere kapena semi-synthetic kuti asatenthe. mwaye - izi zingayambitse kutayikira kapena kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa kupsinjika, ndiko kuti, kuthamanga kwa injini.

- Tikatsimikiza kuti galimotoyo, ngakhale kuti inali yotalika kwambiri, inali kuyenda pa mafuta opangira mafuta, mungagwiritse ntchito mafuta amtundu womwewo, koma ndi kukhuthala kwapamwamba, amalimbikitsa Pavel Mastalerek. - Imakulolani kuti muchepetse kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a injini, komanso kuchepetsa phokoso lomwe limatulutsa pagalimoto.

Zizindikiro za mafuta

Odziwika kwambiri kukhuthala magawo (kukana mafuta kuyenda - mamasukidwe akayendedwe nthawi zambiri kusokonezeka ndi kachulukidwe) kwa synthetics ndi 5W-30 kapena 5W-40. Semi-synthetics ndi pafupifupi kukhuthala komweku - 10W-40. Mafuta amchere 15W-40, 20W-40, 15W-50 akupezeka pamsika.

Katswiri wa Castrol akufotokoza kuti cholozera ndi chilembo W chimasonyeza mamasukidwe akayendedwe pa kutentha otsika, ndi index popanda chilembo W - pa kutentha. 

M'munsi mamasukidwe akayendedwe, m'munsi kukana mafuta choncho m'munsi kutaya mphamvu ya injini. Komanso, mamasukidwe apamwamba amapereka chitetezo chabwino cha injini kuti asavale. Choncho, mamasukidwe akayendedwe a mafuta ayenera kusagwirizana pakati pa zofunika izi kwambiri.

Ma injini a petroli, dizilo, magalimoto okhala ndi LPG ndi zosefera za DPF

Miyezo yama injini a petulo ndi dizilo imasiyana, koma mafuta omwe amapezeka pamsika nthawi zambiri amakwaniritsa zonse ziwiri. Zotsatira zake, zimakhala zovuta kupeza mafuta opangira dizilo kapena injini zamafuta okha.

Kusiyana kwakukulu kwamafuta kumachitika chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka injini ndi zida zawo. Mafuta amasiyana chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zosefera za DPF (FAP), zopangira njira zitatu za TWC, makina ojambulira njanji wamba kapena mayunitsi, kapena moyo wautali wamafuta. Kusiyana kumeneku kuyenera kukhala kofunikira kwambiri posankha mafuta a injini.

Ndikoyenera kuwonjezera kuti mafuta amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto okhala ndi fyuluta ya DPF.

opangidwa ndi ukadaulo wa low-ash (Low SAPS). Izi zimachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zosefera za particulate. Mafuta oterowo mugulu la ACEA amasankhidwa C1, C2, C3 (nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa ndi opanga injini) kapena C4.  

- Mumafuta opangira magalimoto onyamula anthu, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kupeza mafuta otsika phulusa kupatula opangidwa, akutero Pavel Mastalerek. - Mafuta otsika phulusa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'mafuta agalimoto, ndipo apa mungapeze mafuta opangira, opangidwa ndi semi-synthetic komanso nthawi zina ngakhale mafuta amchere.

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Pankhani ya magalimoto okhala ndi gasi, pali mafuta pamsika omwe ali ndi zilembo zomwe zimafotokozera kuti amasinthidwa pamagalimoto otere. Komabe, opanga padziko lonse lapansi samawonetsa mwachindunji mafuta oterowo. Magawo azinthu zamainjini amafuta amakwaniritsa zofunikira zonse.  

Kodi kubwezeretsanso ndi chiyani?

Lita imodzi yamafuta mu thunthu kuti athe kukweza mulingo wake mu injini ndiyofunikira - makamaka ngati tikupita kunjira zazitali. Kuti tiwonjezere mafuta, tiyenera kukhala ndi mafuta ofanana ndi omwe ali mu injini. Zambiri za izi zitha kupezeka m'buku lautumiki kapena papepala lomwe limasiyidwa ndi makaniko pansi pa hood atasintha.

Mukhozanso kuwerenga buku la eni ake la galimotoyo. The magawo anasonyeza pamenepo: mamasukidwe akayendedwe - mwachitsanzo, SAE 5W-30, SAE 10W-40, khalidwe - mwachitsanzo, ACEA A3 / B4, API SL / CF, VW 507.00, MB 229.51, BMW Longlife-01. Choncho, zofunika kwambiri zimene tiyenera kutsatira ndi khalidwe ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe miyezo yotchulidwa ndi Mlengi.

Komabe, zitha kuchitika kuti kukwera mafuta kumafunika paulendo, ndipo dalaivala sadziwa kuti ndi mafuta amtundu wanji omwe mtumikiyo adadzaza. Malingana ndi Rafal Witkowski wochokera ku KAZ, wogulitsa mafuta, ndi bwino kugula zodula kwambiri, zabwino kwambiri pa gasi kapena m'galimoto yamagalimoto. Ndiye mwayi woti izi ziwonjezeke katundu wa mafuta mu injini udzakhala wotsika.

Palinso njira ina. Pa intaneti, pamasamba opanga mafuta a injini, mutha kupeza injini zosakira zomwe zimakulolani kusankha mafuta amitundu yambiri yamagalimoto.

Kusintha kwamafuta

Tiyenera kutsatira malangizo opanga okhudza nthawi yosinthira. Izi zimachitika ndi mafuta fyuluta, kawirikawiri chaka chilichonse kapena pambuyo 10-20 zikwi makilomita. km. Koma injini zatsopano zimatha kukhala ndi ma mileage ochulukirapo - mpaka 30 XNUMX. km kapena zaka ziwiri.

Kwa magalimoto oyendetsedwa ndi gasi, kusinthidwa pafupipafupi kumalimbikitsidwa. Moyo wamafuta uyenera kukhala wamfupi ndi 25 peresenti. Chifukwa chake ndikuti zowonjezera mumafuta zimadyedwa mwachangu, kuphatikiza. chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa sulfure ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa ntchito. 

Onaninso: Kuyika gasi - momwe mungasinthire galimoto kuti igwire ntchito pa gasi wamadzi - kalozera

Kumbukirani kuwunika kuchuluka kwa mafuta pafupipafupi - kamodzi pamwezi. Mosasamala kanthu kuti tili ndi galimoto yakale kapena yatsopano. 

Kusintha kwamafuta kumawononga pafupifupi PLN 12, ngakhale nthawi zambiri imakhala yaulere mukagula mafuta ku shopu yothandizira. Zitha kukhalanso zodula ngati kasitomala abweretsa mafuta awoawo. Zosefera zimawononga pafupifupi 30 PLN. 

uthenga

* Castrol - ukadaulo wa Castrol EDGE wokhala ndi Mphamvu ya Fluid,

* ExxonMobil - Mobil 1 ESP 0W-40,

* Total - Total QUARTZ Ineo Long Life 5W30,

* Xenum - WRX 7,5W40 - chochititsa chidwi, mafuta a ceramic awa aku Belgian ali ndi mawonekedwe achilendo, ndi oyera,

* Valvoline - SynPower MST C4 SAE 5W-30,

* Lotus - Lotus Quasar K / FE 5W30, Lotus Quasar S 0W20, Lotus Synthetic Plus 5W40, Lotus Synthetic Turbodiesel Plus 5W40, Lotus Semi-synthetic HBO 10W40, Lotus Mineral HBO 15W40. 

* Mafuta a Orlen - PLATINUM MaxExpert V 5W-30, PLATINUM MaxExpert F 5W-30, PLATINUM MaxExpert XD 5W-30, PLATINUM MaxExpert XF 5W-30. 

Zolemba ndi chithunzi: Piotr Walchak