Kodi ma supercapacitors amatha kusintha mabatire mumagalimoto amagetsi?

Magalimoto amagetsi ndi ma hybrids amakhazikika molimba m'maganizo a oyendetsa galimoto amakono ngati njira yatsopano yosinthira magalimoto. Poyerekeza ndi mitundu yokhala ndi zida za ICE, magalimoto amenewa ali ndi zabwino zawo komanso zovuta zake.

Ubwino wake nthawi zonse umakhala kugwira ntchito mwakachetechete, komanso kusakhala ndi kuipitsa poyenda (ngakhale lero kupanga bateri imodzi yamagalimoto yamagetsi kumayipitsa chilengedwe kuposa zaka 30 za injini imodzi ya dizilo).

Chosavuta chachikulu chamagalimoto amagetsi ndikofunikira kulipiritsa batri. Pogwirizana ndi izi, opanga magalimoto akutsogola akupanga njira zingapo zamomwe mungakulitsire moyo wa batri ndikuwonjezera nthawi pakati pamalipiro. Imodzi mwanjira izi ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma supercapacitors.

Ganizirani zaukadaulo uwu pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha kampani yatsopano yamagalimoto - Lamborghini Sian. Kodi zabwino ndi zoyipa zakukula uku ndi ziti?

Chatsopano pamsika wamagalimoto amagetsi

Lamborghini ikayamba kutulutsa wosakanizidwa, mutha kukhala otsimikiza kuti sikungokhala mtundu wamphamvu kwambiri wa Toyota Prius.

Sian, woyamba wa kampani yamagetsi yaku Italiya, ndiye galimoto yoyamba yophatikiza (yopitilira mayunitsi 63) kugwiritsa ntchito ma supercapacitors m'malo mwa mabatire a lithiamu-ion.

Asayansi ambiri ndi mainjiniya amakhulupirira kuti izi ndizofunikira pakuyenda kwamagetsi, osati mabatire a lithiamu-ion. Sian amagwiritsa ntchito izi posungira magetsi ndipo, pakufunika, amaidyetsa ku kagalimoto kake kakang'ono kamagetsi.

Ubwino wama supercapacitors

Ma supercapacitors amalipira ndikutulutsa mphamvu mwachangu kwambiri kuposa mabatire amakono. Kuphatikiza apo, amatha kupirira kuyendetsa kwambiri komanso kutulutsa zozungulira popanda kutaya mphamvu.

Pankhani ya Sian, supercapacitor amayendetsa 25 kilowatt motor yamagetsi yomwe imamangidwa mu bokosi la zida. Itha kulimbikitsanso mphamvu ya 6,5 yamahatchi 12-injini yoyaka mkati ya V785, kapena kuyendetsa yokha pamayendedwe othamanga kwambiri monga kuyimitsa magalimoto.

Popeza kuti kulipiritsa kumakhala kothamanga kwambiri, mtundu uwu wosakanizidwa suyenera kutsegulidwa kukhoma kapena pobweza. Ma supercapacitors amalipidwa mokwanira nthawi iliyonse yomwe mabuleki amagalimoto. Ma hybrids amabatiri amakhalanso ndi mphamvu zowonjezeretsa mphamvu, koma ndizochedwa ndipo zimangothandiza pang'ono kuwonjezera ma mileage amagetsi.

Supercapacitor ili ndi lipenga lina lalikulu kwambiri: kulemera. Mu Lamborghini Sian, dongosolo lonse - galimoto yamagetsi kuphatikizapo capacitor - imangowonjezera makilogalamu 34 okha kulemera. Pankhaniyi, kuwonjezeka mphamvu ndi 33,5 ndiyamphamvu. Poyerekeza, batire ya Renault Zoe yokha (yokhala ndi mahatchi 136) imalemera pafupifupi 400kg.

Zoyipa zama supercapacitors

Zachidziwikire, ma supercapacitor amakhalanso ndi zovuta poyerekeza ndi mabatire. M'kupita kwa nthawi, amaunjikira mphamvu kwambiri - ngati Sian sanakwere kwa sabata, palibe mphamvu yotsalira mu capacitor. Koma palinso njira zothetsera vutoli. Lamborghini akugwira ntchito ndi Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) kuti apange mtundu wamagetsi wamagetsi otengera ma supercapacitor, lingaliro lodziwika bwino la Terzo Milenio (Mileniyamu Yachitatu).

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Mwa njira, Lamborghini, yomwe ili pansi pa gulu la Volkswagen Group, si kampani yokhayo yomwe ikuyesera m'derali. Mitundu yosakanizidwa ya Peugeot yakhala ikugwiritsa ntchito ma supercapacitor kwa zaka zambiri, monganso ma Toyota ndi Honda's hydrogen fuel cell. Opanga aku China ndi ku Korea akuziyika m'mabasi amagetsi ndi magalimoto. Ndipo chaka chatha, Tesla adagula Maxwell Electronics, m'modzi mwa opanga zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, chizindikiro chotsimikizika kuti osachepera Elon Musk amakhulupirira zamtsogolo zaukadaulo.

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu 7 zomvetsetsa za ma supercapacitors

1 Momwe mabatire amagwirira ntchito

Ukadaulo wa batri ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe takhala tikuzitenga mopepuka osaganizira momwe zimagwirira ntchito. Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti tikamalipira, timango "kutsanulira" magetsi mu batri, monga madzi mu galasi.

Koma batire silisunga magetsi mwachindunji, koma imangopanga ngati ikufunika ndi ma elekitirodi awiri ndi madzimadzi (omwe nthawi zambiri) amawalekanitsa, otchedwa electrolyte. Pochita izi, mankhwala omwe ali mmenemo amasinthidwa kukhala ena. Panthawi imeneyi, magetsi amapangidwa. Akatembenuzidwa kwathunthu, zomwe zimasiya - batire imachotsedwa.

Komabe, ndi mabatire owonjezeranso, zomwe zimachitikanso zimatha kuchitika mosiyana - mukamalipiritsa, mphamvu imayamba njira yosinthira, yomwe imabwezeretsanso mankhwala oyamba. Izi zitha kubwerezedwa kangapo kapena masauzande, koma mosapeweka pali zotayika. Pakapita nthawi, zinthu za parasitic zimachulukana pamagetsi, motero moyo wa batri umakhala wocheperako (kawirikawiri 3000 mpaka 5000).

2 Momwe ma capacitors amagwirira ntchito

Palibe kusintha kwamankhwala komwe kumachitika mu condenser. Milandu yabwinobwino komanso yoyipa imapangidwa ndimagetsi amagetsi okhaokha. Mkati mwa capacitor mumakhala mbale ziwiri zazitsulo zopatukana ndi zotetezera zotchedwa dielectric.

Kulipiritsa ndikofanana kwambiri ndi kupaka mpira mu sweta laubweya kuti likhale ndi magetsi. Mbale zabwino ndi zoyipa zimasonkhanitsidwa m'm mbale, ndipo olekanitsa pakati pawo, zomwe zimawalepheretsa kuti asakhudzane, ndiye njira yosungira mphamvu. Capacitor imatha kulipitsidwa komanso kumasulidwa ngakhale kangapo miliyoni osataya mphamvu.

3 Kodi supercapacitors ndi chiyani

Ma capacitor wamba ndi ochepa kwambiri kuti asasunge mphamvu - nthawi zambiri amayezedwa mu ma microfarad (mamiliyoni a farad). Ichi ndichifukwa chake ma supercapacitor adapangidwa m'ma 1950. Mu mitundu yawo yayikulu yamafakitale, yopangidwa ndi makampani monga Maxwell Technologies, mphamvuyo imafika ma farad zikwi zingapo, ndiye kuti, 10-20% ya mphamvu ya batri ya lithiamu-ion.

4 Momwe ma supercapacitors amagwirira ntchito

Mosiyana ndi ma capacitor wamba, palibe dielectric. M'malo mwake, mbale ziwirizi zimamizidwa mu electrolyte ndikulekanitsidwa ndi wosanjikiza woonda kwambiri. Kuthekera kwa supercapacitor kumachulukirachulukira pomwe dera la mbale izi limachulukira ndipo mtunda wapakati wawo umachepa. Kuti achulukitse malo, pakali pano amakutidwa ndi zinthu za porous monga ma carbon nanotubes (aang’ono kwambiri moti mabiliyoni 10 aiwo amakwana masikweya cm imodzi). Wolekanitsa akhoza kukhala molekyu imodzi yokha yokhuthala ndi wosanjikiza wa graphene.

Kuti mumvetse kusiyana kwake, ndibwino kuganiza zamagetsi ngati madzi. Capacitor yosavuta ikadakhala ngati chopukutira pepala chomwe chimatha kuyamwa pang'ono. Supercapacitor ndiye siponji ya kukhitchini mchitsanzo.

5 Mabatire: Ubwino ndi Kuipa

Mabatire ali ndi mwayi umodzi waukulu - kachulukidwe kamphamvu kwambiri, zomwe zimawalola kusunga mphamvu zambiri m'malo ang'onoang'ono.

Komabe, alinso ndi zovuta zambiri - kulemera kwakukulu, moyo wocheperako, kuyitanitsa pang'onopang'ono komanso kutulutsa mphamvu pang'onopang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, zitsulo zapoizoni ndi zinthu zina zoopsa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga. Mabatire amangogwira bwino ntchito pa kutentha kochepa, kotero nthawi zambiri amafunika kuziziritsidwa kapena kutenthedwa, kuchepetsa mphamvu yawo yokwera.

6 Supercapacitors: Ubwino ndi Kuipa

Ma supercapacitor ndi opepuka kwambiri kuposa mabatire, moyo wawo ndi wautali osayerekezeka, safuna zinthu zowopsa, amalipira ndikutulutsa mphamvu nthawi yomweyo. Popeza alibe pafupifupi kukana kwamkati, samawononga mphamvu kuti agwire ntchito - mphamvu yawo ndi 97-98%. Ma Supercapacitor amagwira ntchito popanda kupotoza kwakukulu mumitundu yonse kuyambira -40 mpaka +65 digiri Celsius.

Chosavuta ndichakuti amasunga mphamvu zochepa kuposa mabatire a lithiamu-ion.

7 Zatsopano

Ngakhale ma supercapacitors apamwamba kwambiri amakono sangasinthe mabatire amagetsi. Koma asayansi ambiri ndi makampani wamba akuyesetsa kuwongolera. Mwachitsanzo, ku UK, Superdielectrics ikugwira ntchito ndi chinthu chomwe chidapangidwa kuti apange magalasi olumikizirana.

Skeleton Technologies ikugwira ntchito ndi graphene, mawonekedwe a allotropic a carbon. Chigawo chimodzi chochindikala cha atomu imodzi ndi champhamvu kuwirikiza ka 100 kuposa chitsulo cholimba kwambiri, ndipo galamu imodzi yokha imatha kukwanira masikweya mita 1. Kampaniyo idayika ma graphene supercapacitor m'magalimoto wamba a dizilo ndipo idapulumutsa 2000% mafuta.

Ngakhale kuti ma supercapacitors sangasinthe batire, lero pali njira yabwino pakukula kwa ukadaulo uwu.

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi supercapacitor imagwira ntchito bwanji? Zimagwira ntchito mofanana ndi high capacitance capacitor. Mmenemo, magetsi amadziunjikira chifukwa cha static panthawi ya polarization ya electrolyte. Ngakhale ndi chipangizo cha electrochemical, palibe mankhwala omwe amachitika mmenemo.

Kodi supercapacitor ndi chiyani? Ma Supercapacitor amagwiritsidwa ntchito posungira mphamvu, kuyambitsa ma motors, m'magalimoto osakanizidwa, monga magwero anthawi yayitali.

Kodi supercapacitor imasiyana bwanji ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabatire? Batire imatha kupanga magetsi palokha pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Supercapacitor imangosunga mphamvu yotulutsidwa.

Kodi Ionistor imagwiritsidwa ntchito pati? Ma capacitor otsika amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzowunikira (zotulutsa kwathunthu) komanso munjira iliyonse yomwe imafuna kuchuluka kwa zotulutsa / zowongolera.