MINI

Contents FounderEmblemHistory of the car in modelsMafunso ndi mayankho: Mbiri ya mtundu wa galimoto ya MINI ndi nkhani ya njira yayitali komanso yovuta yomwe galimoto imodzi ingadutse panthawi yomwe imapangidwira. The MINI palokha ndi mndandanda wa subcompact sedans, hatchbacks ndi coupes. Poyambirira, lingaliro lachitukuko ndi kupanga kwa MINI limaperekedwa ku gulu la mainjiniya ochokera ku British Motor Corporation. Kukula kwa lingaliro ndi lingaliro, komanso galimoto yonse, idayamba mu 1985. Magalimoto awa adatenga malo achiwiri oyenerera pofufuza mazana a akatswiri a dziko lapansi "Galimoto Yabwino Kwambiri M'zaka za zana la XNUMX." Woyambitsa Leonard Percy Lord, 1st Baron Lambury KBE wobadwa mu 1896 anali wodziwika bwino pamakampani amagalimoto aku Britain. Anamaliza maphunziro ake ndi luso lochititsa chidwi, koma ali ndi zaka 16 anakakamizika kusambira kwaulere atamwalira bambo ake. Panthawi imeneyi, Ambuye anayamba kuchita khama kugwiritsa ntchito nzeru luso analandira kusukulu, ndipo mu 1923 iye analowa Morris Motors Limited, kumene anathandiza kukhathamiritsa magawo onse a ndondomeko kupanga. Mu 1927, pamene Morris adapeza ufulu woyang'anira Wolseley Motors Limited, Leonard adasamutsidwa kumeneko kuti akonze zida zawo zamaluso ndi machitidwe. Kale mu 1932, adasankhidwa kukhala manejala wamkulu ku Morris Motors. Patangotha ​​chaka chimodzi, mu 1933, chifukwa cha luso lake, Leonard Lord adalandira udindo wa woyang'anira kampani yonse ya Morris Motors Limited ndipo posakhalitsa adadziwika kuti ndi mabiliyoni ambiri. Mu 1952, kuphatikiza kwanthawi yayitali kwamakampani awiri a Lord kunachitika - kampani yake Austin Motor Company ndi Morris Motors, yomwe anali director mu 30s. Pa nthawi yomweyo, British Motor Corporation akulowa mu msika magalimoto UK. Vuto la Suez limene linabuka m’zaka zimenezo linali logwirizana ndi kusokonezeka kwa kagaŵidwe ka mafuta. Zikuwonekeratu kuti mitengo yamafuta imathanso kusintha. Zomwe zikuchitika pano zikukakamiza Ambuye kuti apange galimoto yaying'ono, yocheperako komanso yotakata. Mu 1956, bungwe la British Motor Corporation, lotsogoleredwa ndi Leonard Lord, linasankha gulu la anthu asanu ndi atatu kuti lipange galimoto yaing'ono kwambiri panthawiyo. Alec Issigonis adasankhidwa kukhala mtsogoleri wa gululo. Ntchitoyi idapatsidwa dzina la ADO-15. Chimodzi mwa zolinga zopanga galimotoyi chinali kukula kwa thunthu ndi mipando yabwino ya anthu anayi. Pofika 1959 chitsanzo choyamba ntchito "The Orange Box" anagulung'undisa pa mzere msonkhano. Mu May, kupanga conveyor wa mzere woyamba kunayambika. Pazonse, zinatenga zaka zoposa ziwiri ndi theka kupanga makina oyambirira a mzere wa MINI. Panthawiyi, British Motor Corporation yakonzekera malo ambiri atsopano ndikugula zida zokwanira zopangira magalimoto atsopano. Mainjiniya adagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri ndipo adayesanso zambiri. Chizindikiro Mbiri ya chizindikiro cha galimoto ya MINI yasintha pamodzi ndi eni ake azovuta zamagalimoto. Pamene mafakitale amagalimoto anali kuphatikiza, mabungwe atsopano adapangidwa, chizindikirocho chikusintha. Chizindikiro choyamba cha mtundu wagalimoto wa MINI chinali ndi mawonekedwe a bwalo, pomwe mikwingwirima iwiri yofanana ndi mapiko idapita m'mbali. Mapiko amodzi anali olembedwa ndi dzina lakuti Morris ndi mapiko ena Cooper. Chizindikiro chamakampani chinayikidwa pakati pa chizindikirocho. Kwa zaka zambiri, kuphatikiza kwa mayina a Morris, Cooper ndi Austin nthawi ndi nthawi amasintha wina ndi mnzake, kuphatikiza chizindikiro cha mtunduwu. Lingaliro la logo lasinthanso kangapo. Poyamba anali mapiko otambasuka kuchokera ku bwalo. Pambuyo pake, chizindikirocho chidakhala ngati chishango chojambulidwa ndi mawu akuti MINI. Tsopano tikuwona kusinthidwa kwaposachedwa kwa chizindikirocho. Imakhala ndi zilembo za 'MINI' m'zilembo zazikulu, zotsatiridwa ndi ma fender amakono. Chizindikiro chimanyamula katundu womveka bwino wa semantic. Zimatanthawuza liwiro ndi ufulu, ndi kamangidwe kakang'ono ka galimoto. Nthawi zina amatchedwa "wilo lamapiko". Kusintha komaliza kwa logo kunachitika mu 2018. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, sichinasinthe, koma eni ake amtunduwu akulankhula za kusintha kwatsopano kwa chizindikiro. Mbiri yamagalimoto mumitundu Mizere yoyamba yamagalimoto a MINI idasonkhanitsidwa ku Oxford ndi Birmingham. Awa anali Morris Mini Minor ndi Austin Seven. Magalimoto adatumizidwa kunja pansi pa mayina ena okhudzana ndi kukula kwa injini. Kunja, awa anali kale Austin 850 ndi Morris 850. Mayesero oyambirira a galimoto ya MINI adawonetsa otukula zoperewera pakuletsa madzi. Zolakwika zonse zomwe zidapezeka zidapezeka ndikukonzedwa ndi fakitale. Pofika mu 1960, magalimoto oposa zikwi ziwiri ndi theka anali kupangidwa mlungu uliwonse. Posakhalitsa kampaniyo idatulutsa zosintha zatsopano: Morris Mini Traveler ndi Austin Seven Countryman. Onse awiri adabadwa mu sedan, koma adakhalabe chimodzimodzi. Mu 1966, British Motor Corporation ndi Jaguar adalumikizana ndikupanga British Motor Holdings. Nthawi yomweyo akuluakulu aboma adalengeza kuti achepetsa antchito oposa 10. Izi zidachitika chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira pamitengo yakampani. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi, Austin Mini Metro idawonekera ndikutchuka. Komanso, chitsanzo ichi chinadziwika pansi pa dzina lakuti Mini Shortie. Dzinali linali chifukwa chakuti chitsanzocho chinali ndi maziko achidule. Ozilenga sanakonzekere kupanga galimotoyi kuti igulitse anthu ambiri. Cholinga chopanga Mini Shortie chinali kutsatsa komanso kutsatsa. Iwo amapangidwa kokha mu thupi lotembenuzidwa, anali ndi injini 1,4-lita ndipo sanali imathandizira kuposa 140 Km / h. Pafupifupi 200 okha a iwo anapangidwa, ndipo ochepa chabe anali ndi nsonga zolimba ndi zitseko. Ma "convertibles" onse analibe zitseko, chifukwa chake mumayenera kudumphira m'mbali. Gawo la magalimoto a MINI adapangidwa ndikupangidwa m'mafakitole osiyanasiyana a kampaniyo, omwe anali ku Spain, Uruguay, Belgium, Chile, Italy, Yugoslavia, ndi zina zambiri. Mu 1961, wodziwika bwino injiniya wa "Cooper" timu, amene ankapikisana mu chilinganizo 1, chidwi "Mini Cooper mzere". Anabwera ndi lingaliro lokonza galimotoyo poika injini yokhala ndi mphamvu yowonjezera pansi pa hood. Ndi kagwiridwe kake ndi kuwongolera kwake, injini yolimbikitsidwa iyenera kuti idapangitsa kuti galimotoyo isapambane. Ndipo kotero izo zinachitika. Mtundu wosinthidwa wa Mini Cooper S kale mu 1964 wakhala mtsogoleri wa mipikisano yapadziko lonse lapansi - Rally Monte Carlo. Kwa zaka zingapo motsatizana, magulu amene anachita pa chitsanzo ichi analandira mphoto. Makina awa anali osayerekezeka. Mu 1968, panali mpikisano womaliza, womwe unakhala ndi malo opambana mphoto. Mu 1968 kuphatikiza kwina kukuchitika. British Motor Holdings ikuphatikiza ndi Leyland Motors. Chifukwa cha kuphatikiza uku, British Leyland Motor Corporation imapangidwa. Mu 1975, adapatsidwa dzina lakuti Rover Group. Mu 1994, BMW inagula Rover Group, pambuyo pake, mu 2000, Rover Group inathetsedwa. BMW imasunga umwini wamtundu wamagalimoto a MINI. Pambuyo pakuphatikizika konse, mainjiniya okhudzidwawo akukonzekera mwachangu magalimoto omwe ali ofanana ndendende ndi mtundu wapachiyambi wa MINI. Pokhapokha mu 1998, Frank Stevenson akupanga ndi kupanga Mini One R50 kale ku mafakitale a BMW. Galimoto yomaliza ya mzere woyamba wa Mini Mark VII idayimitsidwa ndikuyikidwa ku British Motor Museum. Mu 2001, kupanga magalimoto a MINI pamitengo ya BMW kumayamba ndi MINI Hatch. Mu 2005, kampaniyo imawonjezera bajeti kuti iwonjezere kuyenda kwa magalimoto opangidwa ku fakitale ya Oxford. Mu 2011, mitundu ina iwiri yatsopano yamtundu wagalimoto ya MINI idalengezedwa. Zinthu zatsopano zidapangidwa pamaziko awo akale, koma achibale oyenera - Mini Paceman. Masiku ano, chitukuko cha galimoto yamagetsi yamtundu wa MINI chikuchitika pa chomera chodziwika bwino cha Oxford. Izi zidalengezedwa mu 2017 ndi BMW. Q&A: Ndani amapanga Mini Cooper? Mini poyambilira anali wopanga magalimoto waku Britain (yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1959). Mu 1994, kampaniyo idatengedwa ndi BMW. Kodi Mini Coopers ndi chiyani? Mtundu waku Britain umadziwika ndi zowona, zomwe zitha kutsatiridwa mumitundu yonse. Kampaniyo imapanga zosinthika, ngolo zamasiteshoni ndi ma crossovers. Chifukwa chiyani Mini Cooper amatchedwa choncho?