Maloto a director: mbiri ya Mercedes E-class

Ponena za ma sedan akuluakulu, chinthu choyamba chomwe chimabwera m'maganizo ndi Mercedes-Benz E-class. Kalata "E" anaonekera m'dzina la chitsanzo mu 1993, ndi m'badwo W124, amene sakunena mmene wolemera mbiri.

M'malo mwake, mtundu wa bizinesi ya Mercedes udayambira 1926. Pomwe nkhope yam'badwo wapano ikukonzekera kulowa m'malo owonetsera, tiyeni tikumbukire pomwe mwambo wa "loto la director" udayambira pagulu la Daimler.

1926: W2, woyamba "wotchuka" Mercedes

Pa Berlin Motor Show, Mercedes akuwonetsa mtundu watsopano wapakatikati wokhala ndi injini ya 2-lita sita silinda, W8, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Type 38/XNUMX. Uwu ndiye mtundu woyamba kutulutsidwa ndi Daimler-Benz yemwe adangopanga kumene ataphatikiza makampani awiri omwe anali osiyana kale. Galimotoyo idapangidwa munthawi yochepa kwambiri ndi nthawiyo Daimler CTO Ferdinand Porsche. Chifukwa cha kukakamizidwa kosalekeza kochokera kumwamba, Porsche adasemphana ndi wotsogolera kampani Wilhelm Kessel, ndipo mgwirizano wake sunapangidwenso.

1936: Galimoto yoyamba yokwera ndi injini ya dizilo

Zaka zitatu kuchokera pomwe idayamba, W2 idasinthidwa ndipo tsopano ikutchedwa Mercedes-Benz Typ Stuttgart 200. Imasungabe injini ya 1998 cc ndi 38 ndiyamphamvu, koma kuchuluka kwa compression kwawonjezeka kuchokera ku 5: 1 mpaka 6,2: 1, Zenith carburetor yasinthidwa ndi Solex, ndipo bokosi lamagiya anayi othamanga likupezeka ngati njira m'malo mwa gearbox yothamanga katatu. Mtunduwu umaphatikizapo mitundu 200 (W21), 230 (W143) ndi 260 D (W138), yomwe idawonekera mu 1936 ngati galimoto yoyamba yonyamula anthu yomwe inali ndi injini ya dizilo.

1946-1955: 170 V mpaka 170 DS

Daimler-Benz ndi imodzi mwamagalimoto aku Germany omwe akuchira mwachangu kuyambira nthawi yankhondo. Kale mu 1946, kampaniyo idayambiranso kupanga magalimoto onyamula anthu okhala ndi injini yankhondo 170 V (W136), koma idasinthidwa kuti ikwaniritse zosowa za apolisi, ntchito zopulumutsa, ndi zina zambiri. woyamba kwathunthu pambuyo pa nkhondo, akadali ndi 170 ndiyamphamvu. Pokhapokha mu 191 zidawonjezeka mpaka 38 mahatchi.

Chuma chikuyenda pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kufunikira kukukulirakulira, kotero Mercedes adakulitsa mndandanda wa 170. Mu 1949, dizilo 170 D inatulutsidwa, ndipo patatha chaka chimodzi, 170 S Saloon, mitundu iwiri yosinthika. Mu 1952, dizilo 170 D idatulutsidwa, kenako 170 SV ndi 170 SD. Yotsirizirayi idakhalabe mukupanga mpaka 1955.

1952-1962: W120, "Pontoon"

Pomwe zithunzi zoyambirira za Mercedes 1952 (W180) zamtsogolo zidasindikizidwa mu 120, buku lachijeremani la Das Auto, Motor und Sport lidayikanso fanizo la ndakatulo yotchuka ya Goethe "The King King" (Erlkonig). Ndicho chifukwa chake ku Germany chitsanzocho nthawi zambiri chimatchedwa Forest King. Komabe, imadziwikanso kuti "pontoon" chifukwa chamapangidwe ake azithunzi zitatu komanso mawonekedwe ake okongola.

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowonera bwino kwambiri kuposa mitundu yakale, kuyimitsidwa kwatsopano komanso mphamvu yamagetsi yamahatchi 1,9 52-lita, galimoto ikufunika kwambiri. Mu 1954, panali asanu yamphamvu, komanso dizilo 180 D.

Mu 1956, woyamba 190 adagulung'undisa pa mzere msonkhano - Baibulo apamwamba a galimoto, ndi 75 ndiyamphamvu, ndiye kuchuluka kwa 80.

Ponseponse, mapontoni 443 a silinda anayi adagulitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi - kupambana kwabwino kwambiri kwazaka zimenezo.

1961-1968: W110, Fins

Ku Germany, mtunduwu umatchedwa Heckflosse ("fin" kapena "propeller") chifukwa chakapangidwe kake kumbuyo. Omwe amalowa m'malo mwa Pontoon ayamba miyambo yayitali yachitetezo cha a Mercedes. Galimoto ili ndi malo otetezedwa amkati ndi mabacteria apadera kuti atenge mphamvu ngati zingachitike. Mu 1963, mabuleki oyendetsa bwino adayambitsidwa pamawilo akutsogolo, ndipo mu 1967 adayikapo tayelosi yoyendetsa telescopic, yomwe imatenganso mphamvu pakachitika ngozi.

Banja la W110 poyambirira linali ndi petulo wa 190 D ndi dizilo ya 190 D, yotsatiridwa ndi 200, 200D ndi 230 sikisi-silinda yokhala ndi mahatchi 105 owoneka bwino panthawiyi. Mitundu yamphamvu kwambiri imapezekanso ndi mitundu yambiri, kuphatikiza ma ngolo. Zosankha zimaphatikizapo zinthu monga chiwongolero champhamvu, denga lamagalasi, zenera lotentha lakumbuyo, zowongolera mpweya, zotumiza zokhazokha ndi mawindo amagetsi.

1968-1976: W114, dash 8

Kumapeto kwa ma 1960, kampaniyo pamapeto pake idasiyanitsa mitundu yazogulitsa zake ndi ma sedan apamwamba, omwe amatchedwa S-modelo.

Mu 1968, wolowa m'malo Fin, W114 anaonekera, maonekedwe amene anajambula ndi lodziwika bwino French mlengi Paul Braque. Ku Germany, galimoto iyi ndi mlongo wake W115 amatchedwa "Strich Acht" - "oblique eyiti", chifukwa "/8" imapezeka mu dzina lawo.

Ndiwo mtundu woyamba wa Mercedes kuti agulitse mayunitsi opitilila 1 miliyoni (ma sedan 1976 miliyoni ndi ma 1,8 coupes adasonkhanitsidwa kumapeto kwa kupanga mu 67).

Code W114 ntchito injini zisanu yamphamvu, ndi W115 kwa zitsanzo ndi masilindala anayi kapena asanu. Zosaiwalika kwambiri ndi 250 CE yothiridwa mafuta a Bosch yokhala ndi mahatchi 150, ndi 280 E yokhala ndi mahatchi opitilira 185.

Tekinoloje, galimoto iyi ndi zamakono kwambiri kuposa "Fin" - ndi stabilizer bala, kufala asanu-liwiro, kutseka chapakati ndi mawilo aloyi. Ndiye pali malamba okhala ndi inrtial ndi zotsekera kumutu.

1976-1986: W123 nthano

Mu 1976, a Mercedes pomaliza adalowetsa W114 m'malo mwake, adasankha W123. Galimotoyo idayamba kutengeka pamsika, makamaka chifukwa cha kukopa kwa Bruno Saco. Chidwi ndichachikulu kwambiri kotero kuti galimoto yakhala ikuyembekezera kopitilira chaka, ndipo kumsika wachiwiri, ma W123 omwe sagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono ndiokwera mtengo kuposa atsopano. Mtunduwo unasintha mwachangu pamachitidwe omwe adakonzedweratu ndipo kumapeto kwa kupanga kwake mu 1986 anali atagulitsa mayunitsi opitilira 2,7 miliyoni. Oyendetsa taxi ku Germany amatumizidwanso mwamphamvu, chifukwa injini zimatha kuyenda mosavuta 500 ngakhale 000 km popanda kukonza kwakukulu.

Uwunso ndi mtundu woyamba wokhala ndi mtundu wovomerezeka wamagalimoto - mpaka pano chinali chongowonjezera, makamaka pafakitale yaku Belgian IMA.

W123 imabwera ndi makina osangalatsa kwambiri, kuyambira 55 mpaka 177 ndiyamphamvu. Chodziwika ndi mtundu wa 300 TD, wokhala ndi turbodiesel unit ndi 125 ndiyamphamvu. Mitundu yoyesera yokhala ndi magetsi yamagetsi ndi hydrogen yakhazikitsidwanso.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba pachitsanzo ichi, ABS, thanki yolimbana ndi mantha, airbag yoyendetsa ndi kayendedwe kaulendo zikupezeka ngati zowonjezera zokha.

Galimotoyo ikutsimikizira kufunika kwake mu epic London-Sydney Rally, pomwe ma 280 E ndi awiri apamwamba ndipo enawo awiri ali pamwamba khumi.

1984-1997: W124, woyamba E-Class weniweni

Mbadwo wa W124, womwe udayamba mu 1984, ndiye woyamba kulandira dzina la E-class, ngakhale sanalandire mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wachitsanzo, mu June 1993. Chojambulacho chidapangidwa ndi Halicendorfer ndi Pfeiffer, komanso mtundu wopanga ndi wogwiritsa ntchito Bruno Sako. W124 imapezeka m'mitundu inayi: sedan, station wagon, coupe and convertible, komanso mtundu wowonjezera komanso mitundu yapadera.

Kusankhidwa kwa mayunitsi a petulo ndi dizilo kwawonjezeredwa, ndi mphamvu tsopano kuyambira pa 72 mpaka 326 mphamvu yamahatchi (pamwamba 500 E kuyambira 1990). Pambuyo pake, E 60 AMG idawonekera ndi 381 mphamvu yamahatchi, 4Matic yoyendetsa magudumu onse ndi kuyimitsidwa kumbuyo kwamaulalo. M'zaka 13 zokha, magalimoto okwana 2,737 miliyoni adapangidwa.

1995-2002: W210, "Maso anayi" E-Class

Ntchito yolowa m'malo mwa W124 idayamba chakumapeto kwa 80s. Adapangidwa ndi Steen Mateen motsogozedwa ndi Bruno Sako. Tidzakumbukira galimotoyi ngati "inayi" chifukwa cha magetsi awiri ozungulira kutsogolo.

E-Class iyi, yomwe imadziwika ndi code W210, ndi yayikulu komanso yapamwamba kwambiri kuposa yapita.

Iyi ndiye Mercedes yoyamba yokhala ndi nyali za xenon zomwe zimasintha kutalika kwake.

Kusankha injini akadali wolemera, kuchokera 95 mpaka 347 ndiyamphamvu. Mu 1998, sixes ndiye adasinthidwa ndi V6 yatsopano, code M112, yokhala ndi mphamvu zokwana 223 ndi 310 Nm ya torque. Zitsanzo zoyambirira zinali ndi ma 4-speed transmission, pamene omwe pambuyo pa 1996 anali ndi asanu-liwiro.

Tsoka ilo, E210 idzakumbukiridwanso chifukwa cha kusintha kwake kwakukulu, zotsatira za lingaliro la bwana wa Daimler Jurgen Schremp kuti achepetse ndalama. Magalimoto a m'badwo uno amadziwika ndi zolakwika zingapo - kuchokera ku zovuta za flywheel, sensa ya mpweya, kusungunuka kwa magetsi akumbuyo, kulephera kwa mawindo a mawindo, ndi dzimbiri pafupipafupi pazitseko komanso ngakhale pa hood.

2002-2009: W211

Mavuto a W210 amapitilira kwa wolowa m'malo W211 yemwe adayambitsidwa mu 2002. Chitsanzo ichi ndi chisinthiko cha galimoto yapitayi, kuyambitsa nyali za bi-xenon, zoyatsira mpweya, zopukuta zodziwikiratu mvula ndi matekinoloje ena ambiri. Galimotoyo ili ndi kuyimitsidwa kwa nsonga zinayi kutsogolo, kuyimitsidwa kwamalumikizidwe angapo kumbuyo ndipo, ngati njira, kuyimitsidwa kwa pneumatic. Ilinso E-Class yoyamba kukhala ndi pulogalamu yokhazikika yamagetsi (ESP) ngati muyezo.

Kuthamangitsidwa kwa Schremp ndikulowetsedwa ndi Dieter Zetsche mu 2006, kampaniyo idayamba kuyesetsanso kukonzanso ukadaulo, ndipo mitundu yatsopano ya W211 imawerengedwa kuti ndiyabwino kwambiri kuposa kale. Pambuyo pokweza kumaso, mtundu wa E63 AMG udawoneka ndi mphamvu yayikulu yokwanira 514 ndiyamphamvu.

2009-2016: W212

Mu 2009, W211 idasiyidwa ndikusinthidwa ndi W212 yopangidwa ndi a Thomas Stopka, omwe amakumbukiridwa kwambiri chifukwa cha nyali zake zachilendo zopatukana. Komabe, nsanja yatsopanoyi idangogwiritsidwa ntchito pa sedan ndi station station, pomwe coupe ndi mitundu yosinthika idakhazikitsidwa ndi C-class (W204).

Mu 2013, a Mercedes adakonzanso nkhope zawo, koma makamaka, malinga ndi kukula kwa ndalama ndi chitukuko (zoposa 1 biliyoni), inali mtundu watsopano. Kampaniyo yomwe imati iyi ndiye "kukonzanso kwakukulu" kwazomwe adapanga. Magetsi oyambitsa magetsi apita, ndipo wopanga mutu watsopano Gordon Wagener wabweretsa E-Class kuti igwirizane ndi gulu lonselo.

2016-2020: W213

M'badwo wapano udayamba ku Detroit mu 2016. Kunja kwake, kopangidwa ndi Robert Lesnik motsogozedwa ndi Wagener, tsopano kumalumikiza kwambiri ndi C-Class ndi S-Class. Ndiwonso sedan yopititsa patsogolo ukadaulo kwambiri m'mbiri ya Mercedes, yokhoza kutembenuka ndikupeza pamsewu ndikubwerera kunjira yake.

Chaka chino, E-Class yalandila kukweza nkhope komwe kudzakhala koyambira m'misika yambiri kumapeto kwa kugwa kapena koyambirira kwa 2021. Kusintha kamangidwe ndi wodzichepetsa, koma powertrain kwambiri kwambiri - kuyambitsa 48-volt teknoloji wosakanizidwa injini mafuta, awiri petulo ndi dizilo plug-mu hybrids hybrids. Dongosolo lachidziwitso lakale la Command lasinthidwa ndi MBUX lopangidwa ndi Visteon's subcontractor's Sofia office.