Kuyimitsidwa kwa MacPherson - ndi chiyani
Zamkatimu
Galimoto ikayenda panjira, imagonjetsa zovuta zosiyanasiyana, ndipo m'malo ena amatha kufananizidwa ndi chosakhazikika. Kuti galimoto isasokonekere ndipo aliyense amene ali munyumbayo samakumana ndi zovuta, kuyimitsidwa kumayikidwa mgalimoto.
Tinayankhula za mitundu ya makinawa kale pang'ono... Pakadali pano, tiyeni tiwone mtundu umodzi - MacPherson strut.
Kodi MacPherson pendant ndi chiyani
Magalimoto ambiri amakono komanso magalimoto apakatikati amakhala ndi dongosolo lotsika mtengo. M'mitundu yotsika mtengo, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya kapena mtundu wina.
Ntchito yayikulu ya MacPherson strut ili pamagudumu akutsogolo, ngakhale m'mayendedwe odziyimira pawokha amathanso kupezeka pazitsulo zakumbuyo. Chodziwika bwino cha dongosololi ndikuti ndi la mtundu wodziyimira pawokha. Ndiye kuti, gudumu lirilonse liri ndi chinthu chake chodzaza masika, chomwe chimatsimikizira kuthana bwino ndi zopinga ndikubwerera kwake mwachangu panjira.
Mbiri ya chilengedwe
Pamaso pa mainjiniya azaka za m'ma 40 zapitazi, funso linali: momwe mungatsimikizire kuti malo ogulitsira thupi azikhala okhazikika, koma nthawi yomweyo kuti zovuta zonse mumsewu zizimitsidwe ndi kapangidwe kake galimotoyo galimotoyo.
Pofika nthawi imeneyo, kachitidwe kogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wofunira kawiri kamakhala k kale. Chingwe chodabwitsachi chidapangidwa ndi mainjiniya a American automaker Ford, Earl MacPherson. Pofuna kuti mapangidwe a kuyimitsidwa kwa mfuti ziwiri zikhale zosavuta, wopanga mapulogalamuwa adagwiritsa ntchito chingwe cholumikizira ndi chowongolera chowopsa (werengani za kapangidwe ka zoyamwa apa).
Lingaliro logwiritsa ntchito kasupe ndi chowongolera chododometsa mu gawo limodzi lidapangitsa kuti athetse dzanja lakumwambalo. Kwa nthawi yoyamba galimoto yopanga, yomwe kuyimitsidwa kwake kunayambira, inasiya mzere wa msonkhano mu 1948. Inali Ford Vedette.
Pambuyo pake, maimidwewo adakonzedwa. Zosintha zambiri zinagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opanga ena (kale kale m'ma 70s). Ngakhale mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kapangidwe kake ndi magwiridwe antchito sizikhala chimodzimodzi.
Kuyimitsidwa mfundo
MacPherson amagwira ntchito molingana ndi mfundo zotsatirazi. Chombocho chimakhazikika kumtunda wapamwamba (za chifukwa chake chikufunika komanso zovuta zina zomwe zilipo pakuthandizira kosakanikirana komwe kumafotokozedwa mu ndemanga yapadera).
Pansi, gawolo limakhala lokwera pachowongolera kapena pa lever. Pachiyambi, chosakanizira chododometsa chimakhala ndi chithandizo chapadera, chomwe chida chimalowamo, chifukwa chomenyera chizizungulira ndi gudumu.
Galimoto ikachita kugundana, chosowacho chimachepetsa mantha. Popeza zoyamwa zambiri zimapangidwa popanda kasupe wobwerera, tsinde limakhalabe. Akasiyidwa pamalowo, gudumu limatha kugundika ndipo galimotoyo imagundika.
Kuyimitsidwa kumagwiritsa ntchito kasupe kuti akhazikitsenso kulumikizana pakati pa mawilo ndi mseu. Ikubwezeretsa mwachangu mawonekedwe oyambira pamalo ake - ndodoyo kwathunthu kunja kwanyumba yonyowa.
Kugwiritsa ntchito akasupe okha kudzachepetsanso mantha mukamayendetsa mabampu. Koma kuyimitsidwa koteroko kumakhala ndi vuto lalikulu - thupi limayendetsa kwambiri kotero kuti aliyense amene ali munyumba yamatenda adzadwala pambuyo paulendo wautali.
Umu ndi momwe zinthu zonse zoyimitsira zimagwirira ntchito:
Kuyimitsidwa kwa MacPherson
Mapangidwe a gawo la McPherson ali ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:
- Shock absorber - amachita ngati damper pamene akuyendetsa;
- Kasupe, mkati momwe damper rack palokha;
- Swivel mawotchi limagwirira;
- Dzanja lakumunsi loteteza kuyenda kwakapangidwe kake.
Kuphatikiza pa zigawo zikuluzikulu, mfundo za mpira zimakhala ndi zotchinga. Amafunika kuti achepetse kugwedera kwakung'ono komwe kumachitika panthawi yoimitsidwa.
Zoyimitsidwa
Gawo lirilonse la kuyimitsidwa limagwira ntchito yofunikira, ndikupangitsa kuti magalimoto azigwira bwino ntchito momwe angathere.
Kuyimitsidwa zingwe
Chipangizochi chimakhala ndi chowongolera chododometsa, pakati pa makapu othandizira omwe kasupe adatsekedwa. Pofuna kusokoneza msonkhano, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito puller yapadera yomwe imamangiriza ulusiwo, kuti ukhale wotetezeka kuti mutsegule zomangira.
Chithandizo chapamwamba chimakhazikika mu tambula la thupi, ndipo nthawi zambiri chimakhudza chida chake. Chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa gawoli, ndikotheka kukhazikitsa gawo pamagudumu. Izi zimapangitsa gudumu kutembenuka osavulaza thupi lamagalimoto.
Kuonetsetsa kuti makina akugwedezeka, phokoso limayikidwa pang'onopang'ono. Gawo lakumunsi limafutukula kunja pang'ono. Mbali iyi imadalira mawonekedwe a kuyimitsidwa konse ndipo siyosinthika.
Mfupa wokhumba wotsika
Mfupa wofunirayo imagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa kuyendetsa kwa kutalika kwa makinawo pamakina akagunda chopinga china. Pofuna kuteteza lever kuti isasunthike, imakonzedwa ku subframe m'malo awiri.
Nthawi zina pamakhala ma levers omwe amakhala ndi cholumikizira chimodzi. Poterepa, kutembenuka kwake kulinso kosatheka, chifukwa kudzakonzedwabe ndi kukakamiza, komwe kudzachitenso motsutsana ndi subframe.
Choyimitsacho ndi mtundu wa chitsogozo chakuyenda kwa gudumu mosasamala mbali yoyendetsa. Kumbali ya gudumu, pali cholumikizira cholumikizira mpira (kapangidwe kake ndi mfundo yosinthira ikufotokozedwa payokha).
Chipilala chotsutsa
Izi zimawonetsedwa ngati cholumikizira chopindika chomwe chimalumikiza mikono yonse (m'mbali) ndi subframe (yokhazikika pakati). Zosintha zina zimakhala ndi malo awoake (chifukwa chiyani amafunikira komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito, amafotokozedwa apa).
Ntchito yomwe chopingasa chimagwira ndikuchotsa kugudubuka kwa galimoto ikakhala pakona. Kuphatikiza pa chitonthozo chowonjezeka, gawoli limapereka chitetezo pamakotolo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti pamene galimoto ilowa potembenuka mwachangu kwambiri, mphamvu yokoka ya thupi imasunthira mbali imodzi.
Chifukwa cha ichi, mbali imodzi, mawilo amadzaza kwambiri, ndipo mbali inayo, amatsitsidwa mosiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa njira zawo. Chokhazikika chokhazikika chimasunga mawilo opepuka pansi kuti azitha kulumikizana bwino ndi msewu.
Magalimoto onse amakono amakhala ndi zotchinga zakutsogolo mwachisawawa. Komabe, mitundu yambiri imakhalanso ndi kumbuyo. Makamaka chida chotere chitha kupezeka pagalimoto yamagudumu onse yomwe imachita nawo masewera othamanga.
Ubwino ndi zovuta za MacPherson system
Kusintha kulikonse pamakina amgalimoto kumakhala ndi mwayi komanso kuipa. Mwachidule za iwo - pagome lotsatirali.
| Ulemu McFerson: | Kuipa kwa kuyimitsidwa kwa MacPherson: |
| Ndalama zochepa ndi zida zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga, ngati tifanizitsa kusinthako ndi ma levers awiri | Katundu wocheperako pang'ono kuposa mfuti zokhumba kawiri (wokhala ndi mikono kapena mabwato oyenera) |
| Kupanga kokwanira | Mukamayendetsa pamisewu yopanda tanthauzo, ming'alu yaying'ono kwambiri imawonekera pakapita nthawi pamalo olumikizira thandizo, chifukwa galasi liyenera kulimbikitsidwa |
| Kuchepetsa pang'ono kwa gawo (poyerekeza ndi mtundu wamasiku, mwachitsanzo) | Pakawonongeka, chowongolera chododometsa chimatha kusinthidwa, koma gawo lokhalo ndi ntchito yomulowetsa pamawononga ndalama zabwino (mtengo umadalira mtundu wamagalimoto) |
| Kutha kwazowonjezera kwa chithandizo chapamwamba kumawonjezera zofunikira zake | Chowonongekera chimakhala ndi malo ofukula, pomwe thupi limakonda kulandila panjira |
| Kuyimitsidwa koyimitsidwa kumapezeka mosavuta (momwe mungachitire izi, werengani mu ndemanga yapadera) | Galimoto ikabwerera, thupi limaluma kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina yoyimitsa. Chifukwa cha ichi, kumbuyo kwa galimoto kumatsitsa kwambiri, komwe kumathamanga kwambiri kumabweretsa magudumu kumbuyo. |
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti MacPherson strut imasinthidwa nthawi zonse, chifukwa chake mtundu uliwonse watsopano umapereka kukhazikika kwa makinawo, ndipo moyo wake wogwira ntchito ukuwonjezeka.
Pomaliza, tikupangira kuwonera kanema mwatsatanetsatane zakusiyana pakati pamitundu ingapo yoyimitsa:
Mafunso ndi Mayankho:
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa kuyimitsidwa kwa MacPherson ndi Multi-link? MacPherson strut ndi mawonekedwe osavuta amitundu yambiri. Zimapangidwa ndi ma levers awiri (popanda pamwamba) ndi damper strut. Ulalo wambiri uli ndi ma levers 4 mbali iliyonse.
Momwe mungamvetsetse kuyimitsidwa kwa MacPherson? Chinthu chachikulu cha kuyimitsidwa uku ndi damper strut yaikulu. Imayikidwa pa machira ndipo imapumira motsutsana ndi galasi lothandizira kumbuyo kwa phiko.
Kodi kuyimitsidwa kwa ma multilink ndi chiyani? Uwu ndi mtundu wa kuyimitsidwa komwe kumakhala ndi ma levers osachepera 4 pa gudumu, chotengera chimodzi chodzidzimutsa ndi kasupe, gudumu lonyamula, chowongolera chosinthika ndi gawo lapansi.
Ndi mitundu yanji ya pendants yomwe ilipo? Pali MacPherson, double wishbone, multi-link, "De Dion", kudalira kumbuyo, kuyimitsidwa kwa theka-wodziyimira pawokha. Malingana ndi kalasi ya galimoto, mtundu wake wa kuyimitsidwa udzakhazikitsidwa.
