Mafuta a ATF. Gulu ndi makhalidwe

Cholinga ndi mawonekedwe

Mafuta opangira zida amagawidwa m'magulu awiri:

• kwa ma gearbox amakina (mabokosi a gear, mabokosi osinthira ndi magawo ena momwe magiya amangogwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo mafuta sagwira ntchito kuti asamutse kukakamiza kuwongolera njira);
• kwa ma transmissions odziwikiratu (kusiyana kwawo ndi mafuta opangira makina ndi mwayi wowonjezera wogwirira ntchito mowongolera ndi makina opangira ma automation omwe amagwira ntchito mokakamizidwa).

Mafuta otumizira a ATF otumizira okhawo amagwiritsidwa ntchito osati m'mabokosi amtundu wamba, momwe torque imafalikira kudzera pa chosinthira ma torque kupita ku ma seti a pulaneti. Madzi a ATF amatsanuliridwanso m'mabokosi amakono a DSG, ma CVT, makina opangidwa ndi robotic, chiwongolero chamagetsi ndi makina oyimitsidwa a hydraulic.

Mafuta a ATP ali ndi zinthu zingapo zofunika zomwe zimayika mafuta awa m'gulu lapadera.

1. Pafupifupi otsika mamasukidwe akayendedwe. Wapakati kukhuthala kwa kinematic pa 100 ° C kwa mafuta a ATP ndi 6-7 cSt. Ngakhale mafuta a gearbox a gearbox omwe ali ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe malinga ndi SAE 75W-90 (omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'chigawo chapakati cha Russian Federation) ali ndi kukhuthala kwa 13,5 mpaka 24 cSt.
2. Kuyenerera kugwira ntchito pamayendedwe a hydrodynamic (otembenuza ma torque ndi kuphatikiza kwamadzi). Mafuta ochiritsira ochiritsira ali ndi viscous kwambiri ndipo alibe kuyenda kokwanira kuti azitha kupopa momasuka pakati pa masamba otulutsa mpweya ndi ma turbine.
3. Kutha kupirira kuthamanga kwa magazi kwa nthawi yayitali. M'magawo owongolera ndi owongolera a automatic transmission, kukakamiza kumafika 5 atmospheres.

4. Kukhazikika kwa maziko ndi zowonjezera. Ndizosavomerezeka kuti mafuta oyambira kapena zowonjezera kuti zichepetse ndi kutsika. Izi zipangitsa kuwonongeka kwa ma valve system, ma pistoni ndi ma valve body solenoids. Zamadzimadzi zatekinoloje za ATP zitha kukhala zaka 8-10 popanda kusinthidwa.
5. Makhalidwe a friction mu zigamba zolumikizana. Ma brake band ndi ma friction clutch amagwira ntchito chifukwa cha mphamvu ya kukangana. Pali zowonjezera zowonjezera mumafuta otumiza omwe amathandizira ma discs ndi ma brake band kuti agwire bwino komanso kuti asazembere pazovuta zina pagawo lolumikizana.

Pa avareji, mtengo wamadzimadzi a ATF ndi wokwera 2 kuposa wamafuta opangira zida zamagetsi.

Banja la Dexron

Madzi opatsirana a Dexron amayika liwiro la opanga ena munthawi yawo. Mtunduwu ndi wa GM.

Mafuta a Dexron 1 ATF adawonekeranso mu 1964, pamene kufala kwadzidzidzi kunali kosowa. Madziwo anachotsedwa mwamsanga kupanga chifukwa choletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a whale, omwe anali mbali ya mafuta.

Mu 1973, mtundu watsopano wa Dexron 2 ATF unalowa m'misika. Mafutawa anali ndi mphamvu zochepa zowononga dzimbiri. Ma radiator a automatic transmission kuzirala adachita dzimbiri. Inamalizidwa kokha ndi 1990. Koma makampani opanga magalimoto omwe akupita patsogolo mwachangu adafunikira njira zatsopano zothetsera.

Pambuyo mndandanda wa zosintha zikuchokera mu 1993 Dexron 3 ATF mafuta anaonekera pa misika. Kwa zaka 20, mankhwalawa adasinthidwa kangapo, ndipo ma index adaperekedwa kwa izo ndikusintha kulikonse: F, G ndi H. Kusintha komaliza kwa m'badwo wachitatu wa Dextrons kunaperekedwa mu 2003.

ATF 4 Dexron idapangidwa mu 1995 koma sinayambitsidwe. M'malo moyambitsa mndandanda, wopanga adaganiza zokonza zomwe zidalipo kale.

Mu 2006, mtundu waposachedwa wamadzimadzi ochokera ku GM, wotchedwa Dexron 6. ATP amadzimadziwa amagwirizana ndi mafuta onse am'makina am'mbuyomu.. Ngati node idapangidwira ATP 2 kapena ATP 3 Dextron, ndiye kuti mutha kudzaza ATP 6.

Miyezo ya Dexron yama transmissions okha. (Dexron II, Dexron III, Dexron 6)

Mercon Fluids

Ford yapanga mafuta ake kuti azitumiza magalimoto ake. Idapangidwa m'chifanizo ndi mawonekedwe a Dextrons, koma ndi mawonekedwe ake. Ndiko kuti, palibe funso la kusinthasintha kotheratu.

Chizindikiro chamadzi a Mercon okhalitsa chinali Ford ATF Type F. Lero ndi ntchito, koma imapezekabe pamsika. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti mudzaze m'mabokosi opangira mafuta atsopano. Kuphatikizika kofooka kwa zowonjezera za anti-friction kumatha kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito a ma hydraulic. ATF Type F imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakuwongolera mphamvu komanso kusamutsa milandu yamitundu ina yamagalimoto a Ford.

Ganizirani zamafuta apano omwe amatumizidwa kuchokera ku Ford.

1. Mercon Madzi a ATP awa adayambitsidwa mu 1995. Chifukwa chachikulu ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa kayendedwe ka magetsi ndi mphamvu zamagetsi ndi thupi la valve lomwe linamangidwa mu bokosi pamzere wa msonkhano. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, pakhala pali kusintha kwazing'ono pakupanga kwa Mercon 5. Makamaka, maziko asinthidwa ndipo phukusi lowonjezera lakhala loyenera. Komabe, wopanga adatsimikiza kuti mitundu yonse yamafutawa idasinthidwa kotheratu (osasokonezedwa ndi ma LV ndi SP).
2. Malingaliro a kampani Mercon LV Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito muzotengera zamakono zodziwikiratu ndi ulamuliro wamagetsi. Imasiyana ndi Mercon 5 m'munsi mwa kinematic viscosity - 6 cSt motsutsana ndi 7,5 cSt. Mutha kuzilemba m'mabokosi okhawo omwe zidapangidwira.
3. Malingaliro a kampani Mercon SP. Mbadwo wina watsopano wamadzimadzi wochokera ku Ford. Pa 100 ° C, kukhuthala ndi 5,7 cSt. Mutha kusinthana ndi Mercon LV pamabokosi ena.

Komanso mu mzere wa mafuta a injini kwa transmissions basi Ford magalimoto pali madzi a CVTs ndi mabokosi DSG.

Mafuta apadera

Gawo laling'ono lamsika lamadzi a ATF (pafupifupi 10-15%) limakhala ndi osadziwika bwino pakati pa oyendetsa magalimoto osiyanasiyana, mafuta apadera opangidwira mabokosi ena kapena mtundu wamagalimoto.

1. Zamadzimadzi zamagalimoto a Chrysler. Imapezeka pansi pa zolemba za ATF +2, ATF +3 ndi ATF +4. Wopanga salola kuti zinthu zina zitsanulidwe m'malo mwa zakumwa izi. Makamaka, zizindikiro za mafuta a banja la Dexron sizikugwirizana ndi madzi a Chrysler.
2. Mafuta otumizira magalimoto a Honda. Nazi zinthu ziwiri zodziwika bwino: Z-1 ndi DW-1. Honda ATF DW-1 madzimadzi ndi mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri wa ATF Z-1 mafuta.

3. Madzi a ATF amagalimoto a Toyota. Chofunikira kwambiri pamsika ndi ATF T4 kapena WS. ATF CVT Fluid TC imatsanuliridwa m'mabokosi a CVT.
4. Mafuta mu automatic transmission Nissan. Apa kusankha kwa mafuta opangira mafuta ndikokwanira. Makinawa amagwiritsa ntchito ATF Matic Fluid D, ATF Matic S ndi AT-Matic J Fluid. Kwa CVTs, CVT Fluid NS-2 ndi CVT Fluid NS-3 mafuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kunena zowona, mafuta onsewa amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zofanana ndi mafuta a Dexron. Ndipo m'lingaliro angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo mwa pamwamba. Komabe, automaker samalimbikitsa kuchita izi.

Ford automatic transmission mafuta. (Ford Mercon V, Meron LV, Mercon SP, Meron C)