Mafuta a makina. Kodi kusankha koyenera?
Injini yagalimoto iliyonse iyenera kukhala ndi mafuta. Komabe, mapangidwe a magawo amagalimoto amasiyana kwambiri, zomwe zimakakamiza kukula kwamafuta amitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso makalasi akukhuthala. Izi ndizoyenera kukumbukira pogula mafuta agalimoto.
Zolemba zazikulu kwambiri pamapaketi ndi batalaem imakhala ndi manambala ndi chilembo W. Ichi ndi kalasi ya SAE viscosity yomwe imasiyanitsa batalae kwa dzinja (makalasi 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W, 25W) ndi chilimwe (20, 30, 40, 50, 60). Panopa amapangidwa batalandi nyengo zonse, viscous batalanyengo yozizira ndi kutentha kwapamwamba katundu batalachirimwe chiri. Chizindikiro chawo chimakhala ndi manambala awiri olekanitsidwa ndi chilembo W, mwachitsanzo 5W-40. Mapeto othandiza angapezeke kuchokera kumagulu ndi zolemba: chiwerengero chocheperako chisanafike chilembo W, chocheperako. batala angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa otsika kutentha yozungulira. Kukwera kwa nambala yachiwiri, ndipamwamba kutentha kozungulira kungakhale komwe sikutaya katundu wake. Zokhudza batalamtengo wamtengo wapatali wa mcherewu ndi 15 W, womwe ndi wa gulu lokwera mtengo batalapazinthu zopangira, dzina la 0W nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndithudi, izi sizikutanthauza zimenezo batala ilibe kukakamira, mosiyana. osamata kwambiri pozizira batalapamene kuyamba kumakhala kosavuta, kumakhala kosavuta kuvala
Onaninso: Momwe mungasankhire mafuta agalimoto?
Okonza, kupanga makina a galimoto ndi makina awo opangira mafuta, yesetsani kuonetsetsa kuti mbali zomwe zimagwirizana sizikhudzana nkomwe. Chowonadi ndi chakuti pakati pawo muzochitika zilizonse payenera kukhala wosanjikiza woonda. batalandiwe kanema batalazatsopano. Ngakhale wosanjikiza batalauli ndi makulidwe ang'onoang'ono, ndi iye amene amapangitsa injini ndi magiya kukhala olimba mpaka mazana masauzande a kilomita, kapena maola masauzande ambiri akugwira ntchito. Komanso, njira popanda mafuta (mwachitsanzo, injini popanda batalau) amawonongedwa mkati mwa masekondi angapo. Makinawa amakhala opsinjika kwambiri akamatentha kwambiri. Okonza amasankha magawo a chipangizocho ndi mafuta odzola kuti mafuta azikhala apamwamba kwambiri panthawi yovuta kwambiri.
Kutentha kotentha
Mwatsoka, batalaOsasankhidwa kuti azigwira ntchito kutentha kwambiri, amakhala omata kwambiri poyambitsa galimoto, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira izi zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Kusiyana kopitilira 100 ° C ndikokulirapo kwambiri kwamafuta amakono. Mu kutentha kwapansi pa zero, masekondi khumi oyambirira pambuyo poyambira, injini zimagwira ntchito pafupifupi popanda mafuta, ndipo maminiti oyambirira (mpaka kutentha) amavala kwambiri. Komano, mu "ozizira" gearboxes, kusintha zida n'kovuta, zomwe sizingabweretse kuwonongeka, koma ndi zovuta kwambiri. Kuonjezera apo, kuyenda kwa makina oziziritsa kumafuna mphamvu zambiri, zomwe zimawonjezera mafuta osayenera.
Yathu nyengo, monga mulingo woyenera kwambiri batala10W-40 kalasi mankhwala ndi motorized. Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti ayenera kuthiridwa mu injini iliyonse. Za injini iyi batala kawirikawiri amasankhidwa ndi wopanga galimoto, kusonyeza mamasukidwe akayendedwe analimbikitsa ndi khalidwe makalasi mu malangizo malangizo. Kuchulukitsidwa kwa machitidwe oyimitsa ndi kumenyera kuchepetsa mpweya wa carbon kwachititsa kuti opanga ambiri avomereze batalae kalasi ya 5W-30, yomwe imagawidwa mwachangu mu injini yonse ndipo imakhala ndi kukana kwama hydraulic. Mu zitsanzo zina, monga Toyota hybrids, ndi bwino batalae kalasi 0W-20, amene amatha kupereka chitetezo kwa nthawi zonse kuzimitsidwa mphamvu unit. batala kalasi yosiyana kotheratu iyenera kupita ku injini yamphamvu ya galimoto yamasewera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa pamsewu. Pazifukwa zoopsa, mafuta amtundu wa 15W-50 amagwira ntchito bwino, kupanga filimu yosagwetsa misozi ngakhale kutentha kwambiri. batalazatsopano.
Kuyerekeza kwazinthu ndizotheka ngati tigwiritsa ntchito magulu oyenera. batalaNgakhale mamasukidwe omwewo amatha kusiyanasiyana mumtundu, motero amakhala oyenera kuyika injini zofananira. Ubwino umatsimikiziridwa ndi gulu la American API kapena gulu la European ACEA. Gulu la API ndi S la petulo ndi C la dizilo. Maphunziro apamwamba batalaapa ali ndi zilembo zotsatizana. batalae zamainjini amafuta amalembedwa kuchokera ku SA, kudzera ku SB, SC, SD, SE, SF, SG, SH, SJ, SL, mpaka SM ndi SN aposachedwa, ndi injini za dizilo: CA, CB, CC, CD, CE, CF-4 , CG-4, CH-4, CI-4, CD II, CF-4 ndi CJ-4.
