Chodetsa akasupe ndi kuuma

Chipangizo choyimitsa galimoto chimaphatikizapo zinthu ziwiri zofunika: chowongolera chowopsa ndi kasupe. Zowotcha zoyeserera ndi zosintha zawo zosiyanasiyana zafotokozedwa payokha... Tsopano tiyeni tiwone akasupe: zikwangwani zawo ndi magulu awo, komanso momwe mungasankhire wopanga woyenera. Kudziwa izi kumathandizira woyendetsa galimoto kuti asasochere akafunika kugula zida zatsopano zagalimoto yake.

Mitundu yayikulu

Tisanayambe kulingalira za akasupe amgalimoto, tiyeni tikumbukire mwachidule chifukwa chake amafunikira. Mukayendetsa modutsa, galimoto iyenera kukhala yofewa. Kupanda kutero, ulendowu sudzasiyana ndi kayendedwe ka ngoloyo. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino, opanga magalimoto amakonzekeretsa magalimoto kuyimitsidwa.

M'malo mwake, chitonthozo chogwiritsa ntchito zingwe ndi bonasi yowonjezera. Cholinga chachikulu cha akasupe m'galimoto ndi chitetezo chonyamula. Gudumu likamagunda chopinga liwiro, monga bampu, chosunthira chimachepetsa mphamvu. Komabe, kuti galimoto isatayike, gudumu liyenera kubwerera mwachangu pamalo olimba.

Zambiri pazifukwa zomwe galimoto imafunikira akasupe zafotokozedwa muvidiyoyi:

Kodi akasupe amtundu wanji ndi ati?

Pachifukwa ichi, akasupe amafunika. Koma ngati izi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito mgalimoto, ngakhale bampu yaying'ono yothamanga ingachititse kuti galimotoyo igwedezeke mwamphamvu, zomwe zingayambitsenso kugwidwa. Pachifukwa ichi, akasupe amagwiritsidwa ntchito molumikizana ndi zida zamagetsi zamagalimoto amakono.

Gulu la akasupe amagetsi ndi awa:

1. Zoyenera. Zida zoterezi zimayikidwa ndi wopanga pomwe mtunduwo wasonkhanitsidwa pa conveyor. Zosiyanasiyana izi zikugwirizana ndi ukadaulo womwe ukuwonetsedwa pazolemba zaukadaulo za makina.
2. Mtundu wolimbikitsidwa. Akasupe awa ndi olimba kwambiri kuposa mnzake wapafakitoli. Mtundu uwu ndi wabwino kwambiri pagalimoto zomwe zikugwira ntchito kumadera akumidzi, chifukwa akasupe pankhaniyi azikhala ndi nkhawa zambiri. Komanso, zosinthazi zili ndi makina omwe nthawi zambiri amanyamula katundu ndikukoka ngolo.
3. Limbikitsani kasupe. Kuphatikiza pakulandidwa kwapansi panthaka, akasupe oterewa amachulukitsa magalimoto.
4. Kutsitsa akasupe. Kawirikawiri mtundu uwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mafani othamangitsa masewera. M'galimoto yotsika, pakati pa mphamvu yokoka ili pafupi ndi mseu, zomwe zimawonjezera kuwuluka kwa mlengalenga.

Ngakhale kuti kusinthidwa kulikonse kuli kosiyana, onse amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapadera.

Zinthu Zopanga

Mbali zambiri zamakina zimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo winawake, kuti zikwaniritse miyezo. Komabe, pali zochenjera pang'ono pankhani yopanga masika. Njira yopangira gawo limodzi imatha kutsagana ndi zochitika zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuwongolera.

Pachifukwa ichi, makampani opanga masika sangapange magawo ofanana. Pambuyo pochoka pamakina onyamula, gawo lililonse lomwe lili mgululi limayesedwa kuti likhale lolimba. Atapanga kufananiza ndi muyezo, akatswiri amaika zizindikilo zapadera pazogulitsazo. Kulemba zilembo kumakupatsani mwayi wogawa chilichonse m'magulu, omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa.

Chifukwa chiyani kukopera mitundu kumafunikira

Chizindikiro choyikidwacho chimathandizira woyendetsa galimoto kusankha zosintha zomwe zikukwaniritsa zosowa zake. Ngati pagalimoto pali akasupe owuma osiyana, thupi silikhala lofanana ndi mseu. Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe osavomerezeka, izi zimadzaza ndi kusakhazikika pakuyendetsa - gawo limodzi lagalimoto limayamwa mosiyana ndi mbali ina yonyamula.

Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito kutalika kwa zinthuzo. Poterepa, zachidziwikire, kukula kwa magawo nthawi zambiri kumafaniziridwa. Kuti ichitike mwachangu posankha zinthu, opanga amagwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro chamtundu wazinthu zonse zomwe zikugwirizana ndi ukadaulo waluso.

Kusiyanasiyana pakati pa akasupe kutengera mawonekedwe awo

Ngati utoto ukuwonetsa kulimba kwa gawolo, ndipo gawo ili limatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera zomwe wopanga amagwiritsa ntchito, ndiye kuti m'mimba mwake pamayendedwe akuyenera kufanana ndi zofunikira za automaker. China chilichonse chimadalira kampani yomwe ikufuna kuti izi zitheke.

Mafakitole amatha:

• Gwiritsani ntchito zilembo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Komanso, opanga makina amaloledwa kupanga akasupe okhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana m'mizere yovomerezeka. Mwachitsanzo, kutembenuka koyamba kumatha kukhala kocheperako kuposa koyambirira.
• Sinthani kutalika kwa akasupe, komanso pangani magawo ofanana kukula kwake, koma khalani ndi gawo lina lolimba.
• Sinthani kuchuluka kwakutembenuka ndi mtunda wapakati pawo, ndikuganizira kuchuluka kwakunja kofunidwa ndi automaker. Mosasamala za mtunda wotembenukira, chinthucho chimatha kukhala chofewa kapena cholimba.

Njira yosavuta imathandizira kudziwa kufanana kwa zomwe zatsirizidwa ndi wopanga. Kasupe amakakamizidwa ndi mphamvu inayake ndipo kutalika kumayezedwa mdziko lino. Ngati malonda ake sakugwirizana ndi mafelemu omwe amakhazikitsidwa ndi wopanga magalimoto, gawolo limawerengedwa kuti ndi lolakwika.

Pamaziko a kuwongolera kotere, zopangidwa zoyenera zimagawidwanso m'magulu awiri - A ndi B. Gulu loyamba ndizopangidwa, kutalika kwake, kothinikizidwa ndi mphamvu inayake, ndizokwera (mkati mwazidziwitso za wopanga zamagalimoto ena). Kalasi yachiwiri ikufanana ndi malire apansi omwewo.

Zogulitsa zonse zomwe zimalowa mgulu linalake zimalandira mayina awo. Pachifukwa ichi, utoto umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kwa mitundu ya banja la VAZ, mtundu wa kalasi A udzawonetsedwa wachikaso, lalanje, loyera ndi bulauni.

Komabe, zapamwamba zomwezo zitha kukhala ndi akasupe omwe akuphatikizidwa mgulu lachiwiri. Pachifukwa ichi, adzasiyanitsidwa ndi zobiriwira, zakuda, zamtambo ndi zamtambo.

Mtundu mtundu wa kuyimitsidwa akasupe

Pofuna kusankha kasupe woyenera wa galimoto yake, woyendetsa galimotoyo ayenera kumvetsera osati kungolemba chokhacho chokhala ngati mikwingwirima yakuda yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mbali yakunja yazitsulo. Mtundu wa kasupe nawonso ndichinthu chofunikira.

Anthu ena amaganiza kuti utoto wazigawozi umangoteteza (utoto umagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa kupanga dzimbiri). M'malo mwake, choyambirira, izi zimachitika kuti woyendetsa galimoto kapena wogulitsa ziwalo zamagalimoto salakwitsa posankha gawo.

Kotero, mtundu wa thupi la masika umasonyeza chitsanzo cha makina, komanso malo opangira - kumbuyo kapena kutsogolo. Nthawi zambiri, kasupe wakutsogolo wamagalimoto am'banja la VAZ amakhala utoto wakuda, ndipo zolemba zofananira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potembenukira, zomwe zikuwonetsa kukula kwake.

Palinso zosintha zamtambo ndi mtunda wosinthika wapakatikati. Pamaphunziro akale, ziwalo zotere zimatha kuyikidwa kutsogolo kwa kuyimitsidwa.

Nayi tebulo laling'ono lamtundu wamtundu wanji womwe udzawonetsedwe pamitundu ina ya VAZ. Kalasi A yomwe ikuwonetsedwa patebulopo ndi yovuta ndipo kalasi B ndiyofewa. Gawo loyamba likuwonetsa kuuma kwa zinthu zakutsogolo:

Galimoto chitsanzo:	Mitundu ya masika	Chizindikiro cha "A":	Chizindikiro B Class:
2101	zakuda	zobiriwira	wachikasu
2101 phula losinthasintha	Buluu wokhala ndi chitsulo chachitsulo	zobiriwira	wachikasu
2108	zakuda	zobiriwira	wachikasu
2110	zakuda	zobiriwira	wachikasu
2108 phula losinthasintha	Buluu wokhala ndi chitsulo chachitsulo	zobiriwira	wachikasu
2121	zakuda	osatchulidwa	zoyera
1111	zakuda	zobiriwira	zoyera
2112	zakuda	osatchulidwa	zoyera
2123	zakuda	osatchulidwa	zoyera

Gawo lachiwiri likuwonetsa kulimba kwa akasupe kumbuyo:

Galimoto chitsanzo:	Zitsulo zam'masika:	Chizindikiro cha "A":	Gulu la Zizindikiro "B":
2101	zoyera	zobiriwira	chikasu
2101 phula losinthasintha	Buluu wokhala ndi chitsulo chachitsulo	zobiriwira	chikasu
2102	zoyera	buluu	wofiira
2102 phula losinthasintha	Buluu wokhala ndi chitsulo chachitsulo	zobiriwira	chikasu
2108	zoyera	zobiriwira	chikasu
2108 phula losinthasintha	Buluu wokhala ndi chitsulo chachitsulo	zobiriwira	chikasu
21099	zoyera	buluu	wofiira
2121	zoyera	zakuda	osatchulidwa
2121 phula losinthasintha	Buluu wokhala ndi chitsulo chachitsulo	zobiriwira	chikasu
2110	zoyera	zakuda	osatchulidwa
2110 phula losinthasintha	Buluu wokhala ndi chitsulo chachitsulo	zobiriwira	chikasu
2123	zoyera	zakuda	osatchulidwa
2111	zoyera	buluu	lalanje
1111	zoyera	zobiriwira	osatchulidwa

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito akasupe malinga ndi kalasi yawo

Kuyimitsidwa kwagalimoto kuyenera kukhala ndi akasupe a kalasi yomweyo. Magawo ambiri amadziwika ndi chikwangwani chachikaso kapena chobiriwira. Pachiyambi choyamba, chidzakhala chinthu chofewa, ndipo chachiwiri - chokhazikika kapena chokhwima pazovuta zogwirira ntchito.

Woyendetsa galimoto ali ndi ufulu wosankha akasupe ofewa komanso olimba. Chinthu chachikulu sikungowonjezera akasupe amitundu yosiyanasiyana kumanzere ndi kumanja kwagalimoto. Izi zimakhudza kuyendetsa kwa galimoto ikakhala pakona, zomwe zingayambitse ngozi kapena kuchepetsa kuyendetsa ndi kuyendetsa galimoto.

Momwemo, ndibwino kuti akasupe amtsogolo ndi kumbuyo asasiyane mkalasi. Kupatula apo, kukhazikitsidwa kwa zofewa kumbuyo kwa galimoto kumaloledwa, ndi zina zolimba kutsogolo. M'malo mwake, ndizoletsedwa, chifukwa chipinda chamagalimoto chimakhala cholemera ndipo kutsogolo kwagalimoto sikugwedezeka. Izi zimadzaza makamaka pankhani yazoyendetsa kutsogolo.

Woyendetsa galimoto atayika akasupe osiyanasiyana m'mbali, kuphatikiza pamachitidwe omwe atchulidwa kale, kulemera kwagalimoto sikudzagawidwa mofanana mbali zonse. Poterepa, kuyimitsidwa ndi chisisi kukumana ndi zovuta zina. Izi zithandizira kuvala m'malo ena.

Kalasi "A" ndi "B" - kusiyana kwakukulu

Kwa oyendetsa magalimoto ambiri, kusamitsa kolimba ndi mtundu ndikofanana ndigawidwe la kalasi. Mwachidule, gulu la A limakhala lolimba mosasamala kanthu za utoto wa kasupe, ndipo gulu la B limakhala lofewa mumtundu womwewo. Mtundu wazitsulo umathandiza kuti musasokoneze akasupe a gulu lalikulu. Ayenera kukhala ofanana nthawi zonse. Koma mikwingwirima yaying'ono imawonetsera kagulu kakang'ono, kapena kalasi yolimba - A kapena B pagulu linalake.

Mukamasankha akasupe atsopano, mverani dzina lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito. Palibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pamakalasi. Chofunikira ndichakuti kupondereza mtundu wa A kasupe mpaka kutalika kwake, zimatenga ma 25 kilogalamu kuposa analog ya mtundu wa B. Ngati palibe chikhomo kumapeto, ndibwino kuti musagule gawo loterolo. Kupatula ndi magawo omwe sanasindikizidwe (akuwonetsedwa patebulo).

Kuphatikiza pa chitetezo, galimoto yokhala ndi akasupe abwino imakhala yabwino kwambiri. Galimoto yotereyi ndiyofewa kuyendetsa, yomwe imathandizira kukhala ndi moyo wabwino wa dalaivala pamaulendo ataliatali.

Kuyimitsidwa masika katundu

Patsime lagalimoto, pali chinthu china chotopetsa ndipo sag. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mtunda pakati pa kutembenuka umakhala wocheperako pakapita nthawi. Chifukwa cha izi, gawo lina lagalimoto limayamba kumira. Zikatero, gawolo liyenera kusinthidwa.

Ngati simusintha akasupe, izi zitha kukhala ndi zotsatirazi:

• Mbali yakumbuyo ikatha, mphamvu yonyamula ikucheperachepera, ndipo pamabampu akulu, kuyimitsidwa kofewa sikungateteze kukhudzidwa, mwachitsanzo, ndi chosungira pansi;
• Pamatumphu omwewo, magudumu azipukutira chitetezo cha arch;
• Chowotcheracho chimatha msanga, ndipo ndikulimba kwambiri, gawolo limatha kupyola, chifukwa pisitoni nthawi zambiri imawombana ndi m'munsi mwa cholumikizacho ndi mafuta;
• Kulephera kwa choletsa mantha kumakhudzanso zinthu za thupi - nthawi zambiri, phiri limavutika;
• Mu akasupe akale, coil imatha kusweka, ndikupangitsa kuti galimoto iwonongeke.

Kutengera magwiridwe antchito agalimoto, akasupe amatenga zaka zisanu mpaka khumi, koma poyendetsa mabampu nthawi zonse, magawowa angafunike kuwachotsa ngakhale kale. Pali nthawi zina zinthu ngati izi sizinasamalidwe kwazaka zitatu.

Kuphatikiza pa zolemetsa zachilengedwe, timiyala timatha kuwuluka pansi pagudumu mukamayendetsa pamsewu. Akudumphira masika, amatha kupaka utoto. Chitsulo chotseguka chizikhala ndi vuto la oxidative, lomwe lichepetsanso moyo wa gawolo.

M'mbuyomu, mipiringidzo yama torsion idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zotsukira magalimoto. Chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito akasupe, magalimoto akhala otakasuka ndipo akuwongolera bwino.

Kusankha akasupe oyenera pagalimoto, muyenera kulabadira izi:

1. Ndodo yolimba yomwe kasupe amapangidwira, malonda ake amakhala ouma;
2. Kuuma kolimba kumadaliranso ndi kuchuluka kwa kutembenuka - pomwe kulipo, kuyimitsidwa kumachepetsa;
3. Sikuti masika aliwonse oyenera galimoto ina. Kulephera kutsatira magawo omwe wopanga magalimoto amatulutsa kumatha kubweretsa zovuta (mwachitsanzo, pakuyendetsa, kasupe wamkulu amapukutira panjinga yamagudumu), ndipo nthawi zina amasokoneza magwiridwe antchito.

Osagula akasupe owuma kwambiri. Amakonza kuyendetsa bwino koma amachepetsa kukoka. Mbali inayi, anzawo ocheperako azipangitsa zovuta zambiri pamisewu yakumayiko. Pazifukwa izi, choyambirira, muyenera kumanga pamisewu yomwe galimoto imayendetsa pafupipafupi.

Kufanana kwa kuyika akasupe pamtengo          

Ganizirani akasupe ati omwe ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina a VAZ opanga makina:

• Akasupe 2101 amangoti ndi "khobiri";
• Kusintha kolimba kumadziwika ndi 21012. Zimapangidwa ndi ndodo zokulirapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mankhwalawa akhale olimba kuposa analogue am'mbuyomu. Amaikidwa pazakale, zomwe zimafunikira kuyimitsidwa kwamphamvu kwambiri;
• Akasupe omwe ali ndi zizindikilo 2102 amapangidwira magalimoto oyendetsa mitundu ya 2102 ndi 21014. Poyerekeza ndikusintha kwam'mbuyomu, magawo awa ndi mainchesi awiri kutalika. Amatha kuyikidwa pamtunda, pokhapokha ngati galimoto ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kumidzi. Akasupe amenewa pang'ono kuonjezera galimoto chilolezo. Komabe, sayenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti galimoto izitha kunyamula katundu wolemera kuposa wopanga. Kupanda kutero, thupi liyenera kukonzedwa posachedwa.
• Mayina 2108 amalandiridwa ndi magawo omwe amapangidwira magalimoto oyendetsa kutsogolo kwa VAZ. Kupatula kwake ndi "Oka" ndi mitundu yokhala ndi mota ya 16-valve. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti akasupe omwewo amapangidwira 21099. Palibe akasupe amtunduwu, chifukwa zomwe wogulitsa akufuna kugula "zoyambira" pa 99 sizongogulitsa zogulitsa pamtengo wokwera.
• Zida za opanga ku Europe zodziwika kuti 2110 zimapangidwira mitundu yochokera ku 21102 mpaka 21104, komanso VAZ-2112 ndi 2114. Mtundu waku Europe umapangitsa kuti galimotoyo ikhale yotsika masentimita awiri, koma imapangitsa kuti izitha kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri. Musagwiritse ntchito magalimoto oterowo pamagalimoto omwe nthawi zambiri amayenda m'misewu yadothi komanso malo ovuta.
• Zosintha 2111 adapangira mitundu yoyimitsa kumbuyo yokhala ndi zolemba zofananira, komanso VAZ-2113.
• Akasupe amtundu wa 2112 adapangidwira kuyimitsidwa kwamitundu yotsatirayi: 21113, 21103 ndi 2112.
• Magalimoto onse a VAZ ali ndi akasupe 2121.

Kusankha kutengera ndi wopanga

Posankha akasupe atsopano kuti alowe m'malo mwa omwe agwiritsa ntchito chuma chawo, oyendetsa magalimoto ambiri nthawi zambiri amasankha zida zoyambira. Komabe, zinthu zofananazi zimatha kupezeka pakupanga kwa opanga ena, omwe ali ndi mayankho abwino kuchokera kwa iwo omwe agwiritsa kale ntchito yofanana.

Nawu mndandanda wawung'ono wa opanga otchuka akasupe abwino:

• Sirius ndi kampani yoweta yomwe ili ndi zinthu zingapo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagalimoto. Katundu aliyense wogulitsidwa amafanana ndi zojambula zomwe kasitomala amapereka.
• Phobos ndi kampani ina yodziwika bwino yomwe imapereka akasupe ambiri osasunthika, komanso malo owonongeka omwe amakulolani kuti musinthe malo ogulitsira magalimoto kutengera zosowa. Zoona, ndemanga za ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri sizikugwirizana ndi wopanga. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi gwero laling'ono lazogulitsa, mosasamala za kuuma kwa akasupe.
• "Technoressor" - kampaniyo imapereka zinthu zotsika mtengo. Popita nthawi, akasupewa amataya kulimba kwawo, koma osagwa. Kwenikweni, chizindikirocho chimapanga zinthu zoyimitsidwa.
• Koni amatsegula mndandanda wa opanga aku Europe. Wopanga wachi Dutch amapanga zinthu zoyimitsidwa zapamwamba kwambiri pagalimoto iliyonse, mosasamala kanthu kuti ndi galimoto yaku Japan kapena yapakhomo. Chodziwika bwino cha izi ndi chifukwa chakuti magawo ambiri amasintha kuuma kwawo. Woyendetsa yekha akhoza kukhazikitsa malo oyenera posunthira mwanawankhosa pamalo oyenera pachithandara.
• Wopanga wina waku Europe ndi kampani yaku Germany Eibach, yemwe malonda ake amaphatikizapo magawo osiyanasiyana amitundu yoimitsa ndi chisisi. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti zopangidwa ndi kampaniyi ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri, koma mtundu wazogulitsazo ndizomwe zimalipirira zinyalala. Akasupe nthawi zambiri amaphulika, osataya kulimba kwawo kwanthawi yayitali, komanso osagwa.
• Kampani ya SS20 idakhazikitsidwa mu 1993, ndipo lero imapereka magawo ambiri oyimitsidwa pazoyendetsa zapakhomo, komanso magalimoto ambiri akunja. Malinga ndi wopanga, kuuma kwa kasupe aliyense kumayang'aniridwa pamayimidwe apadera, pamaziko omwe awiri amasankhidwa kuti agulitse. Chifukwa cha izi, zida zogulira zidzakhala ndi akasupe omwewo. Kuphatikiza pa mtundu wa kalasi yapadera, mwiniwake wamagalimoto amatha kusankha chinthu chomwe chimasiyana ndiukadaulo wopanga.
• Kilen ndiwowonjezera m'malo mwa akasupe amtundu wa VAZ. Malinga ndi wopanga, gawo loyambirira limagulitsidwa kawiri kuposa zomwe amapereka.
• Akasupe a kampani ya "Asomi" amakana kwambiri katundu wolemera. Pachifukwa ichi, ma alloys achitsulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe, atakonzedwa bwino, samaphulika, komanso osazengereza zaka zambiri. Kutalikitsa moyo ntchito mankhwala, Mlengi chimakwirira akasupe ndi zinthu zapadera, womwenso epoxy utomoni.

Kuphatikiza pazomwe tafotokozazi, timapereka kanema wachidule wamomwe tingadziwire kuti akasupe akuyenera kusinthidwa:

Nthawi yosintha akasupe.

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Mumadziwa bwanji kuuma kwa kasupe wamagalimoto? Zimatengera mtundu wa chizindikiro. Madontho, ma indentations, mawanga kapena mikwingwirima amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo za masika. Chiwerengero chawo chimasonyeza kukhwima kwa mankhwala.

Kodi zolembera zamitundu pa akasupe zimatanthauza chiyani? Ichi ndi chizindikiro chofanana cha mtengo wa masika. Kujambula kwamitundu ndikodalirika, kosavuta komanso kodziwitsa kuposa mitundu ina ya zolemba.

Ndi masika ati omwe muyenera kusankha? Kusasunthika kumakhudza chitonthozo m'galimoto komanso kuthekera konyamula katundu. Kutalika kumakhudza chilolezo chapansi cha galimoto. Ndizothandiza kwambiri kugula akasupe oyambirira - amapangidwira chitsanzo chapadera.