Makina abwino kwambiri mzaka 20 zapitazi

Mu 1999, magazini yotchuka ya ku Britain yotchedwa Engine Technology International inaganiza zokhazikitsa mphoto zapadziko lonse za injini zabwino kwambiri zomwe zimapangidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Khotilo linali ndi atolankhani odziwika bwino a magalimoto opitilira 60 ochokera padziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa chake idabadwa Mphotho ya International Engine of the Year. Ndipo polemekeza chikumbutso cha 20 cha mphothoyo, oweruza adaganiza zosankha injini zabwino kwambiri nthawi yonseyi - kuyambira 1999 mpaka 2019. Pazithunzi pansipa mutha kuwona yemwe adalowa nawo pamwamba 12. Komabe, chonde dziwani kuti mphothozi nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa kwa injini zatsopano malinga ndi zomwe atolankhani akuwona, ndipo zinthu monga kudalirika ndi kulimba sizimaganiziridwanso.

10.Fiat TwinAir

Malo akhumi mu kusanja amagawidwa pakati pa mayunitsi atatu. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi Fiat's 0,875-lita TwinAir, yomwe inapambana mphoto zinayi pamwambo wa 2011, kuphatikizapo Best Engine. Wapampando wa Jury Dean Slavnich adayitcha "injini yabwino kwambiri".

Chigawo cha Fiat chimakhala ndi nthawi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi. Mtundu wake woyambirira, wokonda mwachilengedwe umakonzedwa ku Fiat Panda ndi 500, ndikupereka mphamvu 60 za akavalo. Palinso mitundu iwiri yokhala ndi ma turbocharger 80 ndi 105, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu monga Fiat 500L, Alfa Romeo MiTo ndi Lancia Ypsilon. Injini iyi inapatsidwanso mphotho yotchuka yaku Germany Raul Pietsch.

10. BMW N62 4.4 Zolemba

V8 wofunidwa mwachilengedwe uyu anali injini yoyamba yopanga yokhala ndi mitundu yambiri yodyera komanso BMW 2002 yoyamba yokhala ndi Valvetronic. Mu XNUMX, adapambana mphotho zitatu zapachaka za IEY, kuphatikiza mphotho ya Grand for Engine of the Year.

Mitundu yake yosiyanasiyana idakhazikitsidwa mu 5th, 7th, X5, mzere wonse wa Alpina, komanso opanga masewera monga Morgan ndi Wiesmann, ndikupanga mphamvu kuchokera pa 272 mpaka 530 ndiyamphamvu.

Ukadaulo wake wapamwamba wabweretsa kuzindikirika kwapadziko lonse, koma chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kovuta kwambiri, siili yodalirika kwambiri. Tikukulimbikitsani kuti ogula omwe adagula nawo amasamala nawo.

10. Honda ALI 1.0

Chidule cha Integrated Motor assist, ndiukadaulo woyamba wopangidwa ndiukadaulo wopanga misa waku Japan, womwe udalamulidwa ndi mtundu wotchuka wa Insight. Ndiwosakanikirana chimodzimodzi, koma ndi lingaliro losiyana poyerekeza ndi, kunena, Toyota Prius. Mu IMA, mota wamagetsi imayikidwa pakati pa injini yoyaka ndi kufalitsa ndipo imakhala ngati poyambira, balancer ndi zowonjezera zikafunika.

Kwa zaka zambiri, makinawa akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kusamuka kwakukulu (mpaka malita 1,3) ndipo amamangidwa mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Honda - kuchokera ku Insight, Freed Hybrid, CR-Z ndi Acura ILX Hybrid ku Ulaya kupita ku mitundu yosakanizidwa ya Jazz, Civic ndi Accord.

9.Toyota KR 1.0

Kwenikweni, banja ili la mayunitsi atatu yamphamvu ndi midadada zotayidwa kupangidwa osati Toyota, koma wocheperapo ake Daihatsu. Kuyambira mu 2004, mainjiniwa adagwiritsa ntchito mitu ya silinda yoyendetsedwa ndi DOHC, jekeseni wa ma multipoint ndi ma valve 4 pa silinda iliyonse. Chimodzi mwa mphamvu zawo zazikulu chinali kulemera kwawo modabwitsa - makilogalamu 69 okha.

Kwa zaka zambiri, injini zosiyanasiyana zalengedwa ndi mphamvu 65 mpaka 98 ndiyamphamvu. Amaikidwa mu Toyota Aygo / Citroen C1 / Peugeot 107, Toyota Yaris ndi IQ ya m'badwo woyamba ndi wachiwiri, ku Daihatsu Cuore ndi Sirion, komanso Subary Justy.

8. Mazda 13B-MSP Kuyambitsa

Kulimbikira kwa kampani yaku Japan kukhazikitsa injini za Wankel, zomwe idapereka chilolezo kuchokera ku NSU panthawiyo, idalipidwa ndi gawoli, lotchedwa 13B-MSP. Mmenemo, kuyesa kwa nthawi yaitali kukonza zovuta ziwiri zazikulu za mtundu uwu wa injini - kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri komanso kutulutsa mpweya wambiri - zikuwoneka kuti zabala zipatso.

Kusintha koyambirira kumadoko otulutsa mpweya kunachulukitsa kukakamira kwenikweni, komanso mphamvu. Kuchita bwino konse kwakula ndi 49% pamibadwo yam'mbuyomu.

Mazda adayika injini iyi mu RX-8 yake ndipo adapambana nayo mphotho zitatu mu 2003, kuphatikiza mphotho yayikulu kwambiri ya injini yapachaka. Lipenga lalikulu linali lolemera kwambiri (112 kg mu mtundu woyambira) komanso magwiridwe antchito apamwamba - mpaka 235 mahatchi mu malita 1,3 okha. Komabe, imakhalabe yovuta kwambiri kuisamalira ndipo ili ndi ziwalo zotha kuvala mosavuta.

7. BMW N54 3.0

Pomwe BMW ya 4,4-lita V8 ili ndi ndemanga yokhudza kupirira, ndizovuta kumva mawu oyipa onena za silinda sikisi N54. Chigawo cha malita atatu ichi chidayamba mu 2006 m'mitundu yamphamvu kwambiri yamndandanda wachitatu (E90) ndipo yapambana "International Engine of the Year" kwa zaka zisanu motsatizana, komanso mnzake waku America Wards Auto kwa zaka zitatu mu mzere.

Iyi ndiye injini yoyamba ya BMW yopanga ndi jekeseni wa turbocharging komanso nthawi yapawiri yamagetsi (VANOS). Kwa zaka khumi, yakhala ikuphatikizidwa mu chilichonse: E90, E60, E82, E71, E89, E92, F01, komanso, ndi kusintha pang'ono, ku Alpina.

BMW B6 38

BMW ndiye mtundu wopambana kwambiri pazaka makumi awiri zoyambirira za International Engine of the Year, ndipo wophunzirayo mosayembekezereka wathandizira kwambiri pa izi: injini yamphamvu itatu yamphamvu yokhala ndi 1,5 litres, chiwonetsero cha 11 1, jekeseni wachindunji, ma VANOS apawiri ndi turbocharger yoyamba padziko lapansi yochokera ku Continental.

Imakonzedwanso pagalimoto zoyenda kutsogolo monga BMW 2 Series Active Tourer ndi MINI Hatch, komanso mitundu yamagudumu akumbuyo. Koma kutchuka kwake kwakukulu kumabwera chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito koyamba: mu mtundu wa i8 wosakanizidwa, pomwe, wokhala ndi ma mota amagetsi, umathamangitsanso chimodzimodzi ndi a Lamborghini Gallardo.

5.Toyota 1NZ-FXE 1.5

Imeneyi ndi mtundu wina wapadera kwambiri wama injini a Toyota a NZ a aluminium, opangidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu yosakanizidwa, makamaka Prius. Injiniyo ili ndi chiwonetsero chokwanira kwambiri cha 13,0: 1, koma pali kuchedwa kutseka valavu yodyera, zomwe zimapangitsa kupsinjika kwenikweni mpaka 9,5: 1 ndikuzipangitsa kugwira ntchito ngati chinthu choyerekeza cha Atkinson. Izi zimachepetsa mphamvu ndi makokedwe, koma zimawonjezera magwiridwe antchito.

Imeneyi inali injini ya akavalo 77 pa 5000 rpm yomwe inali mtima wam'badwo woyamba ndi wachiwiri wa Prius (wachitatu amagwiritsa kale 2ZR-FXE), wosakanizidwa wa Yaris ndi mitundu ina ingapo yomwe ili ndi magetsi ofanana.

4. Volkswagen 1.4 TSFI, TSI Twincharger

Kutengera ndi wakale wakale wa EA111, injini yatsopanoyi idawululidwa mu 2005 Frankfurt Motor Show kuyendetsa m'badwo wachisanu Golf. Mu mtundu wake woyamba, yamphamvu iyi inayi 1,4 inali ndi mphamvu zokwanira 150 pamahatchi ndipo idatchedwa Twincharger, ndiye kuti inali ndi kompresa komanso turbo. Kusunthika kocheperako kunapereka ndalama zambiri komanso mafuta anali 14% kuposa 2.0 FSI.

Chopangidwa ku Chemnitz, chipangizochi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu yosiyanasiyana pafupifupi pamitundu yonse. Pambuyo pake, mtundu wokhala ndi mphamvu yocheperako udawonekera, wopanda kompresa, koma ndi turbocharger ndi intercooler yokha. Analinso wopepuka 14 kg.

BMW S3 54

Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za kotala yomaliza ya zaka zana. Imadziwika kuti S54, inali mtundu waposachedwa kwambiri wa S50 wopambana kwambiri, injini yamafuta ya silinda ya silinda yomwe mwachibadwa imafuna. Kuthamanga kwaposachedwa kumeneku ndi kwagalimoto yosaiwalika, yamtundu wa E3 BMW M46.

Pa fakitaleyo, injini iyi imapanga mahatchi 343 pa 7900 365 rpm, makokedwe apamwamba a 8000 mita a Newton ndipo amapota mosavuta mpaka XNUMX rpm.

2. Ford 1.0 EcoBoost

Pambuyo pa ntchito zingapo zazikuluzikulu zautumiki komanso zikwizikwi za kutenthedwa kwa injini kapena ngakhale kudziwotcha, lero EcoBoost yamasilinda atatu ili ndi mbiri yoipitsidwa pang'ono. Koma kwenikweni, mavuto ndi izo sizinachokere pa unit palokha - zodabwitsa zaumisiri kupindula, koma chifukwa cha kunyalanyaza ndi chuma pa periphery zake, monga akasinja ndi hoses kwa ozizira.

Chigawo ichi, chopangidwa ndi gawo la European Ford ku Dunton, UK, chinawonekera mu 2012 ndipo chinachititsa chidwi atolankhani ndi makhalidwe ake - lita imodzi ya voliyumu, ndi mphamvu yaikulu ya 125 ndiyamphamvu. Kenako kunabwera Fiesta Red Edition ya 140 hp. Muzipezanso mu Focus, C-Max, ndi zina. Pakati pa 2012 ndi 2014, adatchedwa International Engine of the Year katatu motsatizana.

1.Ferrari F154 3,9

Wopambana wosatsutsika pamipikisano inayi yapita yapadziko lonse lapansi ya Injini ya Chaka. Anthu aku Italiya adapanga kuti ikhale yolowa m'malo mwa 2,9-lita F120A yakale. Ili ndi turbocharging yapawiri, jekeseni wachindunji, nthawi yamagetsi yosinthasintha ndi mawonekedwe a 90-degree pakati pamitu yamphamvu.

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu ingapo ya Ferrari California T, GTC4 Lusso, Portofino, Roma, 488 Pista, F8 Spider komanso Ferrari SF90 Stradale. Mudzaupezanso m'mitundu yayitali kwambiri ya Maserati Quattroporte ndi Levante. Ndizogwirizana kwambiri ndi injini yosangalatsa ya V6 yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Alfa Romeo Giulia Quadrifoglio.