LPG kapena CNG? Ndi ziti zomwe zimalipira zambiri?

Pa otchedwa Oyendetsa magalimoto ambiri amayang'ana magalimoto amafuta mokayikira, ndipo ena amanyansidwa nawo. Komabe, izi zimatha kusintha chifukwa mafuta wamba amakhala okwera mtengo ndipo mtengo wa kuzigwiritsa ntchito ukuwonjezeka. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mafuta ndi dizilo kumayambitsanso kutembenuka kapena oyendetsa galimoto okayikira adzaganiza zogula galimoto yoyambirira yosinthidwa. Zikatere, tsankho limatha, ndipo kuwerengera kozizira kumawina.

Pakali pano pali mitundu iwiri yamafuta omwe amapikisana pamsika - LPG ndi CNG. Ikupitilira kuyendetsa bwino LPG. Gawo la magalimoto a CNG ndi ochepa peresenti. Komabe, malonda a CNG ayamba kuchira pang'ono posachedwa, mothandizidwa ndi mitengo yabwino yamafuta anthawi yayitali, mitundu yatsopano yamagalimoto osinthidwa fakitale, ndi malonda apamwamba. M'mizere yotsatirayi, tifotokoza mfundo zazikuluzikulu ndikulongosola ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mafuta onsewa.

Zithunzi za LPG

LPG (Liquified Petroleum Gas) ndi chidule cha gasi wa liquefied petroleum. Ili ndi chiyambi chachilengedwe ndipo imapezeka ngati mankhwala opangira mafuta achilengedwe komanso kuyeretsa mafuta. Ichi ndi chisakanizo cha ma hydrocarbons, opangidwa ndi propane ndi butane, omwe amadzazidwa ndi magalimoto mumadzi amadzimadzi. LPG ndi yolemera kuposa mpweya, imagwa ndikukhala pansi ngati ikutha, chifukwa chake magalimoto othamanga pa LPG saloledwa m'magalaja apansi panthaka.

Poyerekeza ndi mafuta wamba (dizilo, mafuta), galimoto yomwe imayendetsa LPG imatulutsa mpweya woipa kwambiri, koma poyerekeza ndi CNG, 10% kuposa. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa LPG mgalimoto nthawi zambiri kumakwaniritsidwa kudzera muma retrofits owonjezera. Komabe, palinso mitundu yosinthidwa yamafakitole, koma izi zimangoyimira kachigawo kakang'ono chabe ka kuchuluka kwa magalimoto amtundu wa LPG. Ogwira ntchito kwambiri ndi Fiat, Subaru, komanso Škoda ndi VW.

Makina owandirako mafuta, komanso kukhazikitsa akatswiri ndi kuwunikira pafupipafupi kudzakusangalatsani. Pankhani yopanganso mawonekedwe, ziyenera kuwunikidwa ngati galimotoyo (injini) ili yoyenera kugwira ntchito ndi LPG. Apo ayi, pali chiopsezo cha kuvala msanga (kuwonongeka) kwa ziwalo zama injini, makamaka mavavu, mitu yamphamvu (mipando yama valve) ndi zisindikizo.

Magalimoto omwe amasinthidwa kukhala ma LPG akuwotchera nthawi zambiri amafunika kuyang'aniridwa pachaka chilichonse. Pankhani yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi, chiphaso choyenera cha ma valve chiyenera kuwunikidwa (kulimbikitsidwa makilomita 30 aliwonse) ndipo nthawi yosinthira mafuta sayenera kupitirira 000 km.

Pafupifupi, kumwa kumakhala pafupifupi malita 1-2 kuposa momwe mafuta amayaka. Poyerekeza ndi CNG, kuchuluka kwa LPG ndikokwera kwambiri, koma kuchuluka kwa magalimoto omwe asinthidwa kukhala LPG sikufanana. Kupatula malingaliro am'mbuyomu, ndalama zoyambirira komanso macheke okhazikika, palinso injini zambiri zamafuta zamafuta.

Ubwino wa LPG

• Imasunga pafupifupi 40% pakugwiritsa ntchito poyerekeza ndi injini yamafuta.
• Mtengo wokwanira pazowonjezera zamagalimoto zina (nthawi zambiri zimakhala pakati pa 800-1300 €).
• Malo okwanira mafuta okwanira (pafupifupi 350).
• Kusunga thanki m malo osungira.
• Poyerekeza ndi injini yamafuta, injini imayenda pang'onopang'ono komanso yolondola chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake kwa octane (101 mpaka 111).
• Galimoto yoyendetsa kawiri - zambiri zosiyanasiyana.
• Mapangidwe otsika a mwaye kuposa mafuta oyaka, motsatana. dizilo.
• Kutulutsa kotsika poyerekeza ndi mafuta.
• Chitetezo chapamwamba pakagwa ngozi poyerekeza ndi mafuta (chotengera champhamvu kwambiri).
• Palibe chiopsezo chakuba mafuta m'thanki poyerekeza ndi mafuta kapena dizilo.

Zoyipa za LPG

• Kwa oyendetsa magalimoto ambiri, ndalama zoyambirira zimawoneka kuti ndizokwera.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito kuli pafupifupi 10-15% poyerekeza ndi mafuta.
• Kuchepetsa mphamvu yama injini pafupifupi 5% poyerekeza ndi mafuta.
• Kusiyana kwa mpweya wabwino komanso chiwopsezo china chodzaza mitu m'maiko ena.
• Kulowera kumagalasi obisika ndikoletsedwa.
• Yopuma gudumu akusowa acc. kuchepetsa katundu wonyamula katundu.
• Kuyendera pachaka kwa gasi (kapena malinga ndi zolembedwa patsamba).
• Kukonzanso kowonjezera kumafunikira kukonza pafupipafupi komanso kotsika mtengo kwambiri (kusintha mavavu, mapulagi, mafuta a injini, zisindikizo zamafuta).
• Injini zina sizoyenera kutembenuzidwa - pali chiopsezo cha kuvala kwambiri (kuwonongeka) kwa zigawo zina za injini, makamaka ma valve, mitu ya silinda (mipando ya valve) ndi zisindikizo.

CNG

CNG (gasi woponderezedwa) ndi wachidule wa gasi wopanikizidwa, womwe kwenikweni ndi methane. Imapezedwa pochotsa kuchokera ku madipoziti aliyense kapena m'mafakitale kuchokera kuzinthu zongowonjezwdwa. Amatsanuliridwa m'magalimoto mumtundu wa mpweya ndipo amasungidwa muzotengera zapadera.

Mpweya woyaka kuchokera ku kuyaka kwa CNG ndiotsika kwambiri kuposa mafuta, dizilo ngakhale LPG. LNG ndi yopepuka kuposa mpweya, motero siyimira pansi ndipo imatuluka mwachangu.

Magalimoto a CNG nthawi zambiri amasinthidwa mwachindunji kufakitole (VW Touran, Opel Zafira, Fiat Punto, Škoda Octavia ...), chifukwa chake palibe zovuta ndi chitsimikizo ndi zina zotheka kusamvetsetsa, monga ntchito. Zowonongera sizichitika kawirikawiri, makamaka chifukwa chakuwongolera ndalama zakumbuyo komanso kusokonekera kwa magalimoto. Chifukwa chake ndikwabwino kuyang'ana kukonzanso kwa fakitore m'malo mongoganizira zosintha zina.

Ngakhale zabwino zake, kuchuluka kwa CNG ndikotsika kwambiri ndipo kumangoyimira kachigawo kakang'ono chabe ka kuchuluka kwa magalimoto omwe akuyenda pa LPG. Dzudzuleni ndalama zoyambirira m'galimoto yatsopano (kapena kukonzanso), komanso malo ochepera mafuta. Pakutha kwa 2014, panali malo 10 okha odzaza anthu ku CNG ku Slovakia, omwe ndi ochepa, makamaka poyerekeza ndi Austria (180) yoyandikana nayo, komanso Czech Republic (pafupifupi 80). M'mayiko a Western Europe (Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, ndi zina zambiri) malo ochezera a CNG ndiwowopsa kwambiri.

Ubwino wa CNG

• Ntchito yotsika mtengo (yotsika mtengo poyerekeza ndi LPG).
• Kutsika kochepa kwa mpweya wowopsa.
• Ntchito yopanda phokoso komanso yopanda chilema chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake kwa octane (pafupifupi 130).
• Matanki samachepetsa kukula kwa malo ogwira ntchito ndi katundu (zikugwira ntchito pamagalimoto a CNG ochokera kwa wopanga).
• Mapangidwe otsika a mwaye kuposa mafuta oyaka, motsatana. dizilo.
• Galimoto yoyendetsa kawiri - zambiri zosiyanasiyana.
• Palibe chiopsezo chakuba mafuta m'thanki poyerekeza ndi mafuta kapena dizilo.
• Kuthekera kodzazidwa ndizodzaza ndi nyumba kuchokera pagulu limodzi logawa gasi.
• Mosiyana ndi LPG, pali mwayi woyimitsa magalimoto m'magalasi apansi panthaka - chowongolera mpweya chosinthidwa ndichokwanira kuti mpweya wabwino ukhale wabwino.
• Magalimoto ambiri amasinthidwa pafakitare, chifukwa chake palibe zoopsa zotembenuka ngati LPG (mipando yamavalavu, ndi zina zambiri).

Zoyipa za CNG

• Malo ochezera anthu ochepa ndikukula pang'onopang'ono.
• Kukonzanso kokwera mtengo (2000 - 3000 €)
• Mitengo yokwera yamagalimoto oyambitsanso oyamba.
• Kuchepetsa mphamvu yama injini pofika 5-10%.
• Lonjezerani kulemera kwa galimotoyo.
• Kukwera kwakukulu kwa zinthu zomwe zimayenera kusintha mukamwalira.
• Kuwunikanso - kukonzanso dongosolo la gasi (malingana ndi wopanga galimoto kapena dongosolo).

Zothandiza zokhudza magalimoto "gasi".

Pankhani ya injini yozizira, galimotoyo imayambitsidwa pa LPG system, nthawi zambiri petulo, ndipo ikatenthetsa pang'ono mpaka kutentha komwe idakonzedweratu, imangosintha ndikuyaka LPG. Chifukwa chake ndi kutuluka kwabwino kwa petulo ngakhale popanda kutulutsa kutentha kwina kwa injini yofunda ndikuyatsa kofulumira pambuyo poyatsira.

CNG imasungidwa mu gaseous state, chifukwa chake imathandizira kuzizira kumayamba bwino kuposa LPG. Kumbali inayi, pamafunika mphamvu zambiri kuyatsa LNG, yomwe imatha kukhala yovuta kutentha pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, magalimoto omwe amasinthidwa kuti aziyatsa CNG pamazizira otsika kwambiri (pafupifupi -5 mpaka -10 ° C) nthawi zambiri amayamba ndi mafuta ndipo posakhalitsa amasinthira CNG yoyaka.

M'kupita kwanthawi, ndizosatheka kuti mafuta omwewo akhale mu thanki kwa miyezi yopitilira 3-4, makamaka magalimoto a CNG omwe nthawi zambiri safunika kuyendetsa mafuta. Imakhalanso ndi moyo ndipo imawola (oxidize) pakapita nthawi. Zotsatira zake, madipoziti osiyanasiyana ndi chingamu amatha kutseka ma jakisoni kapena valavu yampweya, yomwe imakhudza magwiridwe antchito a injini. Komanso, mafuta amenewa kumawonjezera mapangidwe kaboni, amene msanga kuwola mafuta ndi kutseka injini. Komanso, vuto lingabuke ngati pali mafuta a chilimwe mu thankiyo ndipo muyenera kuyambitsa chisanu. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muziyendetsa mafuta nthawi ndi nthawi ndipo "muzimutsuka" thankiyo ndi mafuta atsopano.

Makonda angapo

Mukamagula, ndikofunikira kuyesa mosamala ma drive onse (mafuta / gasi), kuyamba kozizira, kusinthana kwa ma mode ndipo sikuli kovulaza ngati mukuyeserabe njira yowonjezera mafuta. Mfundoyi si kugula galimoto yokhala ndi thanki yopanda kanthu (LPG kapena CNG) popanda kuyesa.

Galimoto yokhala ndi LPG kapena CNG iyenera kuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi, kutengera zolemba za wopanga magalimoto kapena. wopanga makina. Zotsatira za cheke chilichonse ndi lipoti lomwe woyendetsa galimoto ayenera kukhala nalo, lomwe liyenera kulembedwa pamodzi ndi zikalata zina (OEV, STK, EK, ndi zina).

Galimotoyo iyenera kukhala ndi dongosolo la LPG kapena CNG lolembetsedwa mu setifiketi yaukadaulo (OEV). Ngati sizili choncho, uku ndikumanganso kosaloledwa ndipo galimoto yotere ndiyosayenera kuyendetsa m'misewu ya Slovak Republic.

Pankhani ya kutembenuka kowonjezera, chifukwa chakukhazikitsidwa kwa thankiyo mu thunthu, kumbuyo kwa galimoto kumakhala kodzaza kwambiri, komwe kumabweretsa kufulumira kwakanthawi koyimitsidwa kumbuyo kwa axle, zoyeserera ndi ma linings ananyema.

Makamaka, magalimoto obwezerezedwanso kuti awotche mafuta amafuta (CNG) atha kukhala kuti adatopetsa zina mwa zida zama injini (makamaka mavavu, mitu yamiyala kapena zisindikizo). Pakumanganso fakitore, chiopsezo chimakhala chotsika chifukwa wopanga adasintha injini yoyaka moyenera. Kukhudzidwa ndi kuvala kwa zinthuzo ndizapadera. Ma injini ena amalekerera kuyaka kwa LPG (CNG) popanda vuto, ndipo mafuta amasinthidwa nthawi zambiri (max. 15 km). Komabe, ena mwa iwo amatengeka kwambiri ndi kuyaka kwa gasi, komwe kumawonekera pakufulumira kwa magawo ena.

Pomaliza, kuyerekeza kwa ma Octavia awiri omwe akuyenda pamafuta ena. Škoda Octavia 1,6 MPI 75 kW - Kugwiritsa ntchito LPG pafupifupi malita 9 ndi Škoda Octavia 1,4 TSi 81 kW - Kugwiritsa ntchito LPG pafupifupi 4,3 kg.

Kuyerekeza kwa LPG CNG

Mafuta	Zithunzi za LPG	CNG
Mtengo wamtengo wapatali (MJ / kg)	za 45,5	za 49,5
Mtengo wamafuta	0,7 € / l (pafupifupi 0,55 kg / l)	€ 1,15 / kg
Mphamvu zofunikira pa 100 km (MJ)	225	213
Mtengo wa 100 km (€)	6,3	4,9

* mitengo amawerengedwanso ngati zaka 4/2014