Yesani kuyendetsa komwe ena sakufika

Ngakhale magalimoto oyenda kwambiri sangayende ngati akuyendetsa kumtunda. Zopangidwa ngati magalimoto osangalatsa, mitundu ya ATV tsopano ikupezeka m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, osati yamasewera okha, komanso ngati ma workhorses ndipo nthawi zambiri ng'ombe.

ATV. Kwa ambiri, lingaliro ili ndi chidule cha mawu achingerezi akuti all terrain vehicle, i.e. "Galimoto yamtundu uliwonse" imatha kulumikizidwa ndi kuphatikiza koyambira kwa galimoto ndi njinga yamoto, zomwe gulu lina la anthu omwe ali ndi ndalama zabwino amasangalala nazo. Malingana ndi biology, nthawi zambiri kuwoloka kwa mitundu iwiri ya nyama kumabweretsa ana osabereka, koma umu ndi momwe nyuru (wosakanizira wa bulu ndi mbuzi) imabadwa, yomwe ili ndi mphamvu ngati hatchi ndi kupirira kwa bulu. bulu. Inde, mu mawonekedwe awa, fanizo likhoza kugwira ntchito, koma pochita, ma ATV ali ndi mzere wawo wachisinthiko, pachiyambi pomwe pali njinga yamoto. Ndipo monga cholengedwa chaumunthu, galimotoyi ilibe mbadwo wokha, koma yatha kusintha kukhala nthambi zambiri za chisinthiko. Masiku ano, kufalikira kwa ATV ngati galimoto yokhala ndi mpando umodzi wokhala ndi mapewa otseguka, mawilo otseguka okhala ndi matayala akulu, injini yanjinga yamoto ndipo palibe zopindika zochititsa manyazi ndizochepa pakati pa kusiyanasiyana komwe kulipo m'dziko lapaderali. Zimaphatikizaponso ma ATV a ana ang'onoang'ono, magalimoto oyendetsa kumbuyo, ma ATV amasewera, ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe zimafika kukula kwa galimoto yaying'ono, zimakhala ndi mipando inayi ndi / kapena nsanja zonyamula katundu, komanso nthawi zambiri injini za dizilo. Zotsirizirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magulu ankhondo, alimi, nkhalango, ndipo chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwawo amatchedwa UTVs (kuchokera ku Chingerezi. Awa ndi othandiza kwambiri kwa anthu, makamaka chifukwa cha luso lawo loyendayenda m'malo ovuta, omwe sangayesedwe. mlandu wapakati pa ATV ndi UTV ndi mawonekedwe a mbali ndi mbali, pomwe okwera awiri amaima mbali imodzi, ndipo nthawi zambiri pali anayi, m'mizere iwiri. .

Ndipo zonsezi zidayamba pafupifupi ngati nthabwala

Gawo ili likuwoneka kuti ndi losatheka kugwirapo, ndipo opanga magalimoto samadzifotokozera okha. Kupatula Honda, adapanga zoyambirira za ATV panthawi yomwe njinga zamoto zili ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri pakampani ndipo palibe kampani ina yamagalimoto yomwe ikuyesera kupezeka mderali. Apa opanga njinga zamoto monga Kawasaki, Suzuki ndi Yamaha, mbali imodzi, ndi makampani oyendetsa matalala ngati Polaris ndi Arctic Cat, magawo amakampani akulu ngati Bombardier yaku Canada, omwe ma ATV awo amatchedwa Can-Am, ali mgulu lawo. Kapena makampani omwe amagwirizana ndi kupanga mathirakitala ndi magalimoto ofanana. John Deere ndi Bobcat.

M'malo mwake, ma ATV otchuka tsopano adabadwa ngati mawilo atatu, ndipo ngakhale mu 1967 wina a John Schlesinger adapanganso galimoto yofananira kukampani yamagetsi ya Sperry-Rand, kenako adagulitsa ma patent ku New Holland (yomwe ndi ya Sperry-Rand. ) ufulu kutchedwa mlengi wa siriyo woyamba quad ali Honda. Malinga ndi mbiri ya kampaniyo, mu 1967 mmodzi wa mainjiniya ake, Osamu Takeuchi, adafunsidwa ndi gulu lake la US kuti apange chinthu chomwe ogulitsa angagulitse m'nyengo yozizira, pomwe njinga zambiri zimasungidwa m'magalaja. Takeuchi adabwera ndi malingaliro ambiri kuphatikiza 2, 3, 4, 5 ngakhale mawilo 6. Zinapezeka kuti galimoto yamawiro atatu ili ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri kuposa onse - ndi bwino kwambiri kuposa mawilo awiri matayala mwa mawu a luso kuwoloka dziko pa matalala, poterera ndi matope mtunda ndipo ndi otsika mtengo kuposa magalimoto ndi lalikulu. chiwerengero cha mawilo. Vutoli linali loti ndipeze matayala oti azitha kuyenda bwino pamalo ofewa komanso matalala. Takeuchi adathandizidwa ndi makanema apa TV, makamaka BBC Moon Buggy, SUV yaying'ono yokhala ndi matayala akulu akulu. Yomangidwa mu 1970 ndi Honda, galimoto yamagudumu atatu ili ndi kasinthidwe komwe dalaivala amakhala pa ATV (mosiyana ndi chitsanzo cha Schlesinger chomwe ali mkati mwake) ndipo adadziwika chaka chotsatira chifukwa cha kutenga nawo mbali mufilimuyi. kwa James Bond "Ma diamondi ndi osatha" ndi Sean Connery.

Galimoto yatsopanoyo idapangidwa kuti ikhale yosangalatsa, pambuyo pake idasinthidwa dzina kuchokera ku US90 kukhala ATC90 (ya All Terrain Cycle kapena njinga yamoto yamtundu uliwonse). ATC90 ili ndi kuyimitsidwa kolimba ndipo imapangitsa kuti ikhale ndi matayala akuluakulu a baluni. Akasupe osowa ndi zotsekemera zoziziritsa kukhosi sizinawonekere mpaka koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 80, zomwe zidapangitsa tayala lotsika pang'ono. Ngakhale mu Eighties oyambirira, Honda anapitiriza kutsogolera malonda ndi ATC200E Big Red awo, amene anali woyamba 1981 gudumu ATV ndi ntchito ntchito. Kuthekera kwa magalimotowa kufika kumalo osafikirika kunawapangitsa kukhala otchuka kwambiri pazosowa zosiyanasiyana ku United States ndi Canada, posakhalitsa osewera ena adalowamo ndipo bizinesi idayamba kukula mwachangu. Komabe, opanga ku Honda sakhala opanda kanthu ndipo kamodzinso sitepe imodzi patsogolo pa ena - akupanga zitsanzo zamasewera zoyamba zomwe zimakhala zokhazikika pamsika kwa nthawi yayitali chifukwa cha masanjidwe abwino ndi injini zodalirika. Mu 250, ATC18R anakhala woyamba masewera tricycle ndi kuyimitsidwa tricycle, kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo chimbale mabuleki; Galimotoyo ili ndi injini ya 1985 hp, mawonekedwe amasewera ndipo amawonedwabe kuti ndi imodzi mwamagalimoto abwino kwambiri amtundu wake. Mu 350, injini yoziziritsa mpweya ya 350 cc inapezeka. CM ndi mutu wa ma valve anayi - yankho lomwe linali lapadera kwambiri panthawiyo. Kutengera izi, mtundu wa ATCXNUMXX uli ndi kuyimitsidwa kwautali komanso mabuleki amphamvu kwambiri. Zitsanzo za Honda zikupitirizabe kusintha, chimango cha tubular chimakhala cha makona anayi m'malo mwa mbiri yozungulira, ndipo makina opangira mafuta amasintha kuti athe kupirira kusuntha kwakukulu.

Ulamuliro waku Japan

M'zaka zotsatira, opanga onse kupatula Suzuki anapanga makina amphamvu a sitiroko awiri, koma palibe amene angathe kuyeza malonda ndi Honda, amene anamanga kale mbiri yamphamvu m'munda. Pomwe Yamaha imapereka Tri-Z YTZ250 yake yokhala ndi sitiroko ya 250cc iwiri. Onani ndi zisanu kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi-liwiro kufala Buku, ndi Kawasaki akuyamba kupanga Tecate KTX250, komanso ndi awiri sitiroko injini ndi asanu kapena asanu kapena asanu-liwiro kufala, Honda a ATV zitsanzo kwenikweni bwino kwambiri. Kutsidya kwa nyanja, American wopanga Tiger akulowa msika ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ATVs ndi mawilo atatu ndi awiri sitiroko injini Rotax ndi kusamuka kuchokera 125 mpaka 500 cm3. The Tiger 500 idakhala imodzi mwazinthu zothamanga kwambiri panthawiyo chifukwa cha 50 hp. imafika pa liwiro lapamwamba la 160 km / h - yowopsa kwa chinthu chotseguka choyenda pamawilo atatu. Komabe, pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kampaniyo sinakhalitse.

M'malo mwake, ndiko kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu komwe kumasonyeza chiyambi cha mapeto a ma tricycle quads. Iwo ndi osakhazikika ndi osatetezeka kuposa magudumu anayi, ndipo mu 1987 kugulitsa kwawo kunaletsedwa m’malo ambiri. Ngakhale kuti ali ndi kulemera kochepa komanso kulephera kuyendetsa bwino galimoto ndi ubwino wonse wotsatira, amafunikirabe luso lokwera pamakona ndi luso lothamanga kuposa woyendetsa ndege, yemwe amayenera kutsamira kwambiri kuti athe kuwongolera - kuyendetsa kachitidwe kawonse n'kosiyana ndi kaja. magalimoto anayi.

Kubadwa kwa ma ATV

Nthaŵi zina kutsalira m’mbuyo m’gawo lina kungakupangitseni kuchita upainiya m’dera lina. Izi ndi zomwe zidachitikira Suzuki, yemwe adayambitsa ma ATV. Yoyamba yamtundu wake, QuadRunner LT125 idawonekera mu 1982 ndipo ndi galimoto yaying'ono yosangalatsa kwa oyamba kumene. Kuyambira 1984 mpaka 1987, kampaniyo idaperekanso LT50 yaying'ono yokhala ndi injini ya 50cc. Onani akutsatiridwa ndi woyamba ATV ndi CVT basi kufala. Suzuki inatulutsanso makina amphamvu kwambiri a LT250R Quadracer four-wheel drive sport quad, omwe anagulitsidwa mpaka 1992, ndipo adapezanso injini yaukadaulo, yoyimitsa nthawi yayitali, yoziziritsa madzi. Honda akuyankha ndi FourTrax TRX250R, ndi Kawasaki ndi Tecate-4 250. Pofuna kudzisiyanitsa ndi kudalira makamaka pa injini zoziziritsa kukhosi, Yamaha amatulutsa Banshee 350 ndi madzi utakhazikika awiri yamphamvu, awiri sitiroko injini kuchokera RD350 njinga yamoto. . Quad iyi idadziwika chifukwa chokwera kwambiri pamtunda wamatope, wamatope, koma idadziwika kwambiri chifukwa chokwera milu ya mchenga.

Bizinesi Yaikulu - Achimerika pamasewera

M'malo mwake, kuyambira pamenepo, mpikisano waukulu pakati pa opanga udayamba ndikuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito ndi kukula kwa ma ATV. Mbali inayi, malonda amayamba kukula mwachangu. Suzuki Quadzilla tsopano ili ndi injini ya 500cc. CM ndipo amatha kuyenda m'malo ovuta pa 127 km / h, ndipo mu 1986 Honda FourTrax TRX350 4 × 4 idatsogolera nthawi yotumizira awiri mu mitundu ya ATV. Posakhalitsa makampani ena adalumikizana nawo, ndipo makinawa adatchuka kwambiri pakati pa alenje, alimi, ogwira ntchito m'malo omanga akulu, m'nkhalango. Kunali kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 80 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 90 pomwe magawano amtundu wa ATV kukhala osangalatsa (masewera) ndikugwira ntchito (Sport Utility komanso mitundu yayikulu komanso yogwira ntchito ya UTV) idayamba. Zomalizazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolimba kwambiri, mwina zida ziwiri, zimatha kukoka katundu wolumikizidwa, ndikuchedwa pang'ono.

Kampani yoyamba yaku America kulowa bizinesi ya ATV inali Polaris, yomwe tsopano imadziwika ndi magalimoto oyenda pamafunde. Kampani yachisanu ya Minnesota idatulutsa Trailboss yake yoyamba mu 1984 ndipo pang'onopang'ono yakhala yofunikira pamsika. Masiku ano Polaris imapereka magalimoto otakata kwambiri, kuyambira pamitundu yaying'ono mpaka mipando yayikulu anayi mbali ndi UTV, kuphatikiza zankhondo. M'modzi mwa omwe adayambitsa kampaniyo, Edgar Hatin, pambuyo pake adagawanika ndikukhazikitsa kampani ya Arcric Cat, yomwe lero ndi m'modzi mwamasewera akulu kwambiri mu bizinesi iyi. Kugawa njinga zamoto ku Canada Bombardier Corporation kuyambitsa mtundu wake woyamba wa ATV, Traxler, yemwe adapambana mphotho ya ATV ya Chaka chotsatira. Kuyambira 2006, gawo lamoto la kampaniyo limatchedwa CAN-Am. Ngakhale makampani akuluakulu ochokera ku Japan ndi America omwe atchulidwa pakadali pano akulamulira pamsikawu, osewera ambiri akupezeka m'zaka zaposachedwa, makamaka ochokera ku China ndi Taiwan. Kymco (Kwang Yang Motor Co Ltd.) idakhazikitsidwa ku 1963 ndipo ndiye wopanga njinga zamoto zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, kuyang'ana ma ATV kuyambira koyambirira kwa zaka za XNUMXst. Masiku ano, Kymco imapereka ma ATV osiyanasiyana ndipo ili ndi ubale wolimba ndi opanga monga Kawasaki Heavy Industries ndi BMW. KTM idalowa bizinesiyo posachedwa.

Zolemba: Georgy Kolev

Mwachidule

Magulu a ATV

Sport ATV Yomangidwa ndi cholinga chomveka komanso chosavuta - kuyenda mwachangu. Magalimoto awa amathamanga bwino ndipo amawongolera makona abwino. Ma Sport quads ali kunyumba m'misewu yamotocross, milu ya mchenga ndi mitundu yonse ya mtunda wokhotakhota - kulikonse komwe kuli liwiro komanso kulimba mtima kungaphatikizidwe. Ndi mitundu yambiri yamitundu ndi zowonjezera, komanso njinga zamoto zochulukirachulukira, zonse zimatengera kuthekera kwachuma.

Youth ATV Ngati mukufuna kumudziwitsa mwana wanu kuti asachokere panjira, ili ndiye yankho. Mitundu iyi ya ATV ndi yaying'ono, yopanda mphamvu, ndipo ndimasewera osiyanasiyana komanso ma ATV ogwira ntchito. Ambiri aiwo ali ndi njira zapadera zolumikizira zovala za ana, motero injini imakhazikika ikagwa. Mitengo yawo ndi yotsika kwambiri kuposa ma ATV wamba.

Ntchito ATV Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pantchito komanso zosangalatsa. Kaya ndi muyezo wa ATV kapena wotchuka mbali-ndi-pafupi, mitundu yothandizira ndi yama multifunctional. Magalimotowa ndi akulu komanso olimba kuposa ma ATV amasewera, ndipo ambiri amakhala ndi kuyimitsidwa koyimilira kumbuyo kwawo kuti athetse malo ovuta kwambiri. Mitundu yamagalimoto a ATV amakonda kukhala omasuka kuposa anzawo amasewera, ndipo amakhala ndi matayala akulu kuti magetsi azitha kusamutsidwa mokwanira kumalo osagwirizana.

Ma UTV Makinawa akuchulukirachulukira kuchulukirachulukira zikafika pakudutsa m'malo ovuta. Amapereka magwiridwe antchito osaneneka ndipo amatha kukwaniritsa zosowa zilizonse. Kaya mukuyang'ana phiri la dune lothamanga, galimoto yolimba komanso yolimba yokhala ndi katundu, kapena mtundu wamagetsi wabata wa msasa wanu wosaka nyama, mudzawapeza pakati pa ma UTV. Ubwino waukulu wamitundu ya UTV uli ndi ma ATV anthawi zonse ndikutha kunyamula anthu ochulukirapo - mpaka asanu ndi mmodzi m'mitundu ina.

Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya ATV chaka chatha

Kawasaki Teryx ndi Teryx4

Mtundu wa UTV wa awiri kapena anayi atha kugwira ntchito yabwino ndikusangalatsa banja. Imayendetsedwa ndi injini yamapasa yamphamvu 783cc ndipo imakhala ndi chiwongolero champhamvu.

Mtsinje wa Arctic

Tsopano ili ndi injini ya injini ya 700 cc yopangidwira thupi lamtunduwu.

Honda wokonda

Wonderful Utility ATV yokhala ndi injini ya 420 cc imodzi yamphamvu. Bokosi lamagalimoto lamagalimoto limalola kusunthika kwamanja kapena kosintha kwamagalimoto.

Honda Apainiya 700-4

Mtunduwu umapereka chisankho pakati pa malo onyamula katundu ndi mipando iwiri yowonjezera. Injiniyo ili ndi kusuntha kwa 686 cm3 ndi jakisoni.

Yamaha Viking

Kavalo wochita masewerawa amatenga cholowa cha Rhino ndipo amatha kuchita chilichonse kuyambira pansanja zoboola mpaka kusangalala ndi kukwera dziko. Imatha kunyamula mpaka 270kg kudera lakumbuyo lonyamula katundu ndikukokera katundu wa 680kg. Zinthu zikafika povuta, mutha kungoyatsa 4x4 system ndipo mukhala bwino.

Yamaha YFZ450R

Chidwi mu performance quads posachedwapa chalowa m'malo mwa sport quads, koma Yamaha YZF450R ndi chitsanzo chodziwika bwino. Ndiwodziwika m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndipo mtundu waposachedwa uli ndi kamangidwe katsopano ka clutch komwe kumapangitsa kuti kube kosavuta kuyendetsa.

Wosewera Polaris

Polaris amapereka mtunduwu pamtengo wotsika mtengo kwambiri wokhala ndi kuthekera kodabwitsa koyendetsa mdziko lankhondo. Kusamutsidwa kwa injini tsopano ndi 570 cm3, kufalikira kumangodziwonekera.

Opanga: Wowonjezera

Chilombo cham'chipululu ichi chimayendetsedwa ndi injini ya ProStar ya 1,0 hp 107-lita! Palibe cholepheretsa kuti kuyimitsidwa kumbuyo komwe kuli ndi 46 masentimita oyenda komanso kuyimitsidwa kutsogolo ndi 41 cm sikungathetse, ndipo magetsi akutsogolo a LED amapereka magwiridwe antchito usiku.

Kodi-Am Maverick Max 1000

UTV iyi imaphatikiza mipando inayi yoyimitsidwa yayitali ndi injini yotchuka ya 101 hp Rotax. Mtundu wa 1000R X xc uli ndi zotsalira zochepa ndipo umalola kugwiritsidwa ntchito kosavomerezeka m'nkhalango.

Posachedwa, mitundu ya ma ATV yakula kwambiri, kotero apa tizingopereka zitsanzo kuchokera kwa opanga akulu kwambiri, odziwika komanso odziwika bwino pamsika.

Honda

Zowonjezera ATV: FourTrax Foreman, FourTrax Rancher, FourTrax Rubicon и FourTrax Recon.

Masewera ATV: TRX250R, TRX450R ndi TRX700XX.

Pafupi: Big Red MUV.

Yamaha

Zosiyanasiyana ATV: Grizzly 700 FI, Grizzly 550 FI, Grizzly 450, Grizzly 125 ndi Big Bear 400.

Masewera ATV: Raptor 125, Raptor 250, Raptor 700, YFZ450X ndi YFZ450R.

UTV: Chipembere 700 и Chipembere 450.

Nyenyezi ya Pole

Zosiyanasiyana ATV: Sportsman 850 XP, Sportsman 550 XP, Sportsman 500 HO ndi Sportsman 400 HO.

Masewera ATV: Outlaw 525 IRS, Scrambler 500, Trail Blazer 330 ndi Trail Boss 330.

UTV: Ranger 400, Ranger 500, Ranger 800 XP, Ranger 800 Crew, Ranger Diesel, Ranger RZR 570, Ranger RZR 800, Ranger RZR 4 800 ndi Ranger RZR XP 900.

Suzuki

Zolemba za ATV: KingQuad 400 FSi, KingQuad 400 ASi, KingQuad 500 и KingQuad 750.

Masewera ATV: QuadRacer LT-R450, QuadSport Z400 ndi QuadSport Z250.

Kawasaki

Zosiyanasiyana za ATV: Brute Force 750, Brute Force 650, Prairie 360 ​​ndi Bayou 250.

Masewera ATV: KFX450R ndi KFX700.

UTV: Teryx 750, Mule 600, Mule 610, Mule 4010, Mule 4010 Dizilo и Mule 4010 Trans4x4.

Mphaka wa Arctic

Zosiyanasiyana ATV: ThunderCat H2, 700 S, 700 H1, 700 TRV, 700 Super Duty Diesel, 650 H1, MudPro, 550 H1, 550 S ndi 366.

Masewera ATV: 300DVX ndi XC450i.

UTV: Prowler 1000, Prowler 700 ndi Prowler 550.

Kodi-Am

Zosasinthika ATV: Outlander 400, Outlander MAX 400, Outlander 500, Outlander MAX 500, Outlander 650, Outlander 800R ndi Outlander MAX 800R.

Masewera ATV: DS 450, DS 250, Renegade 500 ndi Renegade 800R.

UTV: Commander 800R ndi Commander 1000.

John Deere

UTV: Gator XUV 4 × 4 625i, Gator XUV 4 × 4 825i, Gator XUV 4 × 4 855D, High Performance HPX 4 × 4 и High Performance HPX Dizilo 4 × 4.

kymco

Zogwiritsira ntchito ATV: MXU 150, MXU 300, MXU 375 ndi MXU 500 IRS.

Masewera ATV: Mongoose 300 ndi Maxxer 375 IRS.

UTV: UXV 500, UXV 500 SE ndi UXV 500 LE.

lynx

UTV: 3400 4 × 4, 3400XL 4 × 4, 3450 4 × 4, 3200 2 × 4, Toolcat 5600 Utility Work Machine ndi Toolcat 5610 Utility Work Machine

Ena

Ntchito ATV: Argo Avenger 8 × 8, Tomberlin SDX 600 4 × 4, Bennche Gray Wolf 700.

Masewera ATV: KTM SX ATV 450, KTM SX ATV 505, KTM XC ATV 450 ndi Hyosung TE 450.

UTV: Cub Cadet Volunteer 4x4 ndi Kubota RTV 900.