Ndi liti pamene airbags woyamba pa galimoto anaonekera ndi amene anatulukira iwo
Zamkatimu
Mbiri yogwiritsa ntchito idayamba mu 1971, pomwe Ford idamanga malo osungiramo khushoni komwe kuyezetsa ngozi kudapangidwa. Patapita zaka 2, General Motors anayesa kutulukira pa Chevrolet 1973, amene anagulitsidwa kwa antchito a boma. Kotero Oldsmobile Tornado inakhala galimoto yoyamba yokhala ndi njira yonyamula airbag.
Kuyambira pomwe lingaliro loyamba lidabadwa mpaka mawonekedwe a airbags pamagalimoto, zaka 50 zidadutsa, ndipo zidatengera dziko zaka 20 kuti zizindikire mphamvu ndi kufunika kwa chipangizochi.
Amene anabwera ndi
"Chikwama cha mpweya" choyamba chinapangidwa ndi madokotala a mano Arthur Parrott ndi Harold Round m'ma 1910. Madokotala anathandiza anthu amene anakhudzidwa ndi nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse, poona zotsatira za nkhondoyo.
Chipangizocho, monga momwe adapangidwira ndi omwe adalenga, chinalepheretsa kuvulala kwa nsagwada, chinayikidwa m'magalimoto ndi ndege. Ntchito ya patent idaperekedwa pa Novembara 22, 1919, chikalatacho chidalandiridwa mu 1920.
Plaque yokumbukira Round ndi Parrott's patent
Mu 1951, German Walter Linderer ndi American John Hedrick anafunsira patent ya airbag. Onse awiri adalandira chikalatacho mu 1953. Kukula kwa Walter Linderer kunali kodzaza ndi mpweya woponderezedwa pamene akugunda bumper ya galimoto kapena pamene anayatsa pamanja.
Mbiri ya prototype
Kuwerengerako kunayamba mu 1950, pamene injiniya wa ntchito John Hetrick, yemwe ankatumikira ku US Navy, anachita ngozi ndi mkazi wake ndi mwana wake wamkazi. Banjali silinavulale kwambiri, koma izi ndi zomwe zidapangitsa kuti afufuze chipangizo chowonetsetsa chitetezo cha okwera pakagwa ngozi.
Pogwiritsa ntchito luso la uinjiniya, Hetrick adapeza chitsanzo chachitetezo chamagalimoto. Kapangidwe kameneka kanali kachikwama ka inflatable cholumikizidwa ndi silinda ya mpweya yopanikizidwa. Chogulitsacho chinayikidwa mkati mwa chiwongolero, pakati pa dashboard, pafupi ndi chipinda cha glove. Mapangidwewo adagwiritsa ntchito kukhazikitsa masika.
Prototype ya khushoni yoteteza magalimoto
Mfundo yake ndi iyi: kamangidwe kameneka kamazindikira zotsatira, imayambitsa ma valve mu silinda ya mpweya wothinikizidwa, yomwe imalowa m'thumba.
Kukhazikitsa koyamba pamagalimoto
Mbiri yogwiritsa ntchito idayamba mu 1971, pomwe Ford idamanga malo osungiramo khushoni komwe kuyezetsa ngozi kudapangidwa. Patapita zaka 2, General Motors anayesa kutulukira pa Chevrolet 1973, amene anagulitsidwa kwa antchito a boma. Kotero Oldsmobile Tornado inakhala galimoto yoyamba yokhala ndi njira yonyamula airbag.
Oldsmobile Tornado
Mu 1975 ndi 1976, Oldsmobile ndi Buick anayamba kupanga mapepala am'mbali.
Chifukwa chiyani palibe amene ankafuna kugwiritsa ntchito
Mayesero oyambirira a pilo adawonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa kupulumuka nthawi zina. Chiwerengero chochepa cha anthu omwe amafa adalembedwabe: zovuta zamapangidwe okhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mpweya nthawi zina zidapangitsa kuti afe. Ngakhale kuti mwachiwonekere panali ma pluses ambiri kuposa minuses, opanga, boma ndi ogula anagwirizana kwa nthawi yaitali ngati pilo ankafunika.
Zaka za m'ma 60 ndi 70 ndi nthawi yomwe chiwerengero cha imfa mu ngozi za galimoto ku America chinali anthu 1 pa sabata. Ma airbags amawoneka ngati otsogola, koma kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu kunalepheretsedwa ndi malingaliro a opanga magalimoto, ogula, ndi momwe msika wamba. Ino ndi nthawi yodetsa nkhawa pomanga magalimoto othamanga komanso okongola omwe achinyamata angakonde. Palibe amene ankasamala za chitetezo.
Loya Ralph Nader ndi buku lake "Osatetezeka pa liwiro lililonse"
Komabe, zinthu zasintha m’kupita kwa nthaŵi. Loya Ralph Nader adalemba buku la "Safe pa Liwiro Lililonse" mu 1965, akudzudzula opanga magalimoto kunyalanyaza matekinoloje atsopano achitetezo. Okonzawo ankakhulupirira kuti kuyika zida zotetezera kudzasokoneza chithunzicho pakati pa achinyamata. Mtengo wagalimoto wakweranso. Opangawo adatchanso mapilo owopsa kwa okwera, zomwe zidatsimikiziridwa ndi milandu ingapo.
Kulimbana ndi Ralph Nader ndi makampani oyendetsa galimoto kunatenga nthawi yaitali: makampani akuluakulu sanafune kudzipereka. Malambawo sanali okwanira kupereka chitetezo, choncho opanga anapitirizabe kunyoza kugwiritsa ntchito mapilo kuti mitengo yawo ikhale pansi.
Zotsogola m'mbiri yachitukuko
Kuyambira pomwe Allen Breed adapanga sensor system, kukwera kwa thumba kwakhala kusintha kwakukulu. Mu 1964, mainjiniya waku Japan Yasuzaburo Kobori adagwiritsa ntchito bomba laling'ono pokwera kwambiri. Lingaliroli lavomerezedwa padziko lonse lapansi ndipo lapatsidwa ma patent m'maiko 14.
Allen Breed
Zomverera zinali kupita patsogolo kwina. Allen Breed adasintha mapangidwe ake popanga chipangizo chamagetsi chamagetsi mu 1967: kuphatikiza ndi zophulika zazing'ono, nthawi yolimbikitsira idachepetsedwa mpaka 30 ms.
Mu 1991, Breed, yemwe ali kale ndi mbiri yakale yodziwika bwino, anapanga mapilo okhala ndi zigawo ziwiri za nsalu. Chipangizocho chikawombera, chinakwera, kenako chinatulutsa mpweya wina, kukhala wosakhazikika.
Kupititsa patsogolo kunachitika m'njira zitatu:
- kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomangamanga: kutsogolo, kutsogolo, kwa mawondo;
- kusinthidwa kwa masensa omwe amakulolani kuti mutumize mwamsanga pempho ndikuyankha molondola ku zochitika zachilengedwe;
- kupititsa patsogolo kachitidwe ka pressurization ndi kuwomba pang'onopang'ono.
Masiku ano, opanga akupitiriza kukonza ma activation, masensa, ndi zina zotero, polimbana ndi kuchepetsa mwayi wovulala pa ngozi zapamsewu.
