Zizindikiro za chosinthira chothandizira chotsekeka

Galimoto iliyonse yamakono ili ndi chosinthira chothandizira. Chigawo ichi cha dongosolo lotulutsa utsi chimalola kuti zinthu zoyipa zichotsedwe m'mipweya ya utsi. Makamaka, izi zimawasokoneza, ndikuwapatula kukhala opanda vuto. Koma, ngakhale kuli ndi maubwino, chothandizira chimafunikira magwiridwe antchito amachitidwe osiyanasiyana mgalimoto. Mwachitsanzo, kapangidwe kake ka kaphatikizidwe ka mpweya / mafuta ndikofunikira kwambiri pazomwe zikuchitika mu chothandizira.

Tiyeni tiwone momwe chosinthira chothandizira chimagwirira ntchito, ndimavuto otani omwe angayambitse dalaivala, chifukwa chitha kutseka. Tikambirananso ngati chothandizira chotsekera chingakonzedwenso.

Chothandizira, chifukwa chiyani imayikidwa, chida ndi cholinga

Tisanalingalire pazifukwa zomwe gawoli lingalephereke, ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe limagwirira ntchito. Monga tawonera kale, chothandizira ndi gawo la makina otulutsa injini, ndipo sichiyikidwa kokha pagawo lamafuta, komanso pa injini ya dizilo.

Magalimoto oyamba okhala ndi othandizira othandizira adapangidwa m'ma 1970. Ngakhale panthawiyo chitukuko chidalipo pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri. Monga zochitika zonse, chida chothandizira chakhala chikuwongoleredwa pakapita nthawi, chifukwa cha njira zamakono zomwe zimagwira bwino ntchito yawo. Ndipo chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito makina owonjezera, mpweya wotulutsa utsi umasokonezedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Mchitidwewu lakonzedwa kuti pa mphamvu ya unit mphamvu, zimachitikira zimachitika mu dongosolo utsi kuti neutralize zinthu zoipa amene amapezeka pa kuyaka mafuta.

Mwa njira, kuti apange dizilo yotsukira utsi, makina a jekeseni a urea amaikidwa m'mitundu yambiri yamagalimoto. Werengani za zomwe zili komanso momwe zimagwirira ntchito. kubwereza kwina... Chithunzichi pansipa chikuwonetsa chida chothandizira.

M'chigawochi, mutha kuwona kuti chinthuchi chiziwoneka ngati chisa cha uchi nthawi zonse. Zitsulo zonse za ceramic zokutidwa ndizitsulo zazitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Izi ndi platinamu, iridium, golide, ndi zina zambiri. Izi zimangotengera mtundu wanji wazomwe akuyenera kupatsidwa mu chipangizocho. Koma zambiri pambuyo pake. Choyambirira, chinthu ichi chiyenera kutenthedwa kuti mafuta osayatsa apsere m'chigawochi.

Botolo limatenthedwa ndikudya mpweya wotentha. Pachifukwa ichi, chothandizira chimayikidwa pafupi kwambiri ndi magetsi kuti utsi usakhale ndi nthawi yozizira pamakina ozizira a galimoto.

Kuphatikiza pa kuwotcha kwamafuta komaliza, chipangizocho chimachepetsa chipangizocho kuti muchepetse mpweya wakupha. Amaperekedwa ndikulumikizana ndi mamolekyulu otulutsa utsi ndi uchi wotentha pamwamba pa gawo la ceramic. Kapangidwe ka chosinthira othandizira chimaphatikizapo:

• Chimango. Amapangidwa mu mawonekedwe a babu, amatikumbutsa silencer zina. Zokha zamkati za gawo ili ndizosiyana;
• Dulani chotengera. Ichi ndi chodzaza cha porcelain chopangidwa mwanjira yopangira timachubu tating'onoting'ono, gawo, lopanga zisa. Chingwe chopyapyala kwambiri chachitsulo chamtengo wapatali chimayikidwa pamwamba pa mbale izi. Gawo ili la chothandizira ndilo gawo lalikulu, popeza kusintha kwa mankhwala kumachitika mmenemo. Kapangidwe ka ma cell kamalola kukulitsa malo olumikizirana ndi mpweya wa utsi ndi chitsulo chotentha;
• Kutentha chimateteza wosanjikiza. Ndikofunikira kuti tipewe kusinthana kwa kutentha pakati pa babu ndi chilengedwe. Chifukwa cha ichi, chipangizocho chimakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri ngakhale nyengo yozizira.

Makina olowera ndi kubwerekera amakhala ndi zida za lambda. Munkhani yapadera werengani za tanthauzo la sensa iyi ndi momwe imagwirira ntchito. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti pali mitundu ingapo ya othandizira. Amasiyana wina ndi mzake ndi chitsulo chomwe chimayikidwa pamwamba pama cell a chonyamulira.

Ndi parameter iyi, othandizira othandizira amagawika:

• Kuchira. Otembenuza othandizira awa amagwiritsa ntchito rhodium. Chitsulo ichi, chikatenthetsa komanso chikakhudzana ndi mpweya wotulutsa utsi, chimachepetsa NO mpweya._xkenako amasintha. Zotsatira zake, nayitrogeni amatulutsidwa kuchokera ku chitoliro chotulutsa kupita ku chilengedwe.
• Kusokoneza. Mukusintha kotere, palladium tsopano imagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso platinamu. M'matumba oterewa, makutidwe ndi okosijeni amadzimadzi osayaka a hydrocarbon amathamanga kwambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, mankhwala ovutawa amawola kukhala carbon monoxide ndi carbon dioxide, ndipo nthunzi imatulutsidwanso.

Pali othandizira omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zonsezi. Amatchedwa magawo atatu (othandizira kwambiri amakono ndi amtunduwu). Kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino mankhwala, chofunikira ndikutentha kwa malo ogwira ntchito m'chigawo cha madigiri 300. Ngati dongosololi likugwira ntchito moyenera, ndiye kuti pamikhalidwe yotere, pafupifupi 90% yazinthu zoyipa sizimayimitsidwa. Ndipo ndi kagawo kakang'ono chabe ka mpweya wa poizoni omwe amalowa m'chilengedwe.

Njira yofikira kutentha kwa galimoto iliyonse ndi yosiyana. Koma chowotcha chothandizira chitha kuchitika mwachangu ngati:

1. Sinthani kaphatikizidwe ka mafuta osakaniza ndi mpweya kukhala owonjezera;
2. Ikani chothandizira pafupi ndi zotulutsa zochulukirapo momwe zingathere (werengani zamagawo a injiniyi. apa).

Zifukwa zodzitetezera

Pogwiritsa ntchito galimotoyo, chinthu ichi chidzatsekedwa, ndipo pakapita nthawi chidzasiya kuthana ndi ntchito yake. Zisa zimatha kudzaza ndi ma kaboni, zibowo zimatha kupunduka kapena kuwonongedwa.

Kulephera kulikonse kumatha kuyambitsidwa ndi zifukwa izi:

• Dalaivala nthawi zonse amadzaza galimotoyo ndi mafuta otsika kwambiri kapena mafuta a dizilo. Mafuta sangatheretu. Zotsalira zochuluka zimagwera pa zisa zotentha, pomwe zimayatsa ndikuwonjezera kutentha kwa chothandizira. Kuphatikiza pa kuti mphamvu yotulutsidwa siyigwiritsidwe ntchito mwanjira iliyonse, kutentha kwambiri kwa zisa kumabweretsa kusintha kwawo.
• Kudzaza kwa chisa cha chisa kumachitikanso ndi zovuta zina zamkati zamagetsi. Mwachitsanzo, mphete zotsalira mafuta pama pistoni zatha kapena zisindikizo zodulira mafuta munjira yogawira gasi zatayika. Zotsatira zake, mafuta amalowa mu silinda. Chifukwa cha kuyaka kwake, mwaye umapangidwa, womwe chothandizira sichingalimbane nawo, chifukwa sunapangidwe kuti uzigwira ntchito ndi mwaye m'mipweya yotulutsa utsi. Zisa zazing'ono kwambiri zimatsekedwa msanga chifukwa cha kutentha, ndipo chipangizocho chimawonongeka.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito gawo lomwe silinali loyambirira. Pamndandanda wazinthu zoterezi, nthawi zambiri pamakhala mitundu yokhala ndi maselo ang'onoang'ono kapena kusungidwa bwino kwa miyala yamtengo wapatali. Makamaka ayenera kulipidwa kuzinthu zaku America. Magalimoto oyendetsedwa pamsikawu amakhala ndi zotulutsa zabwino, koma ndi khungu laling'ono kwambiri. Mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ena siabwino kwambiri kuti akhale ndi moyo wautali. Pachifukwa chomwecho, muyenera kusamala mukamagula galimoto kumsika waku America.
• Mafuta otsogolera, tetraethyl lead (ankakonda kuwonjezeka nambala ya octane mafuta oletsa kugogoda mu injini) sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati galimoto ili ndi chothandizira. Zinthu izi sizimatentheranso nthawi yamagetsi, ndipo pang'onopang'ono zimatseka ma cell a neutralizer.
• Kuwonongeka kwa porous ceramic element chifukwa chakukhudzidwa pansi pomwe mukuyendetsa pamavuto.
• Pafupipafupi, koma zimachitika, kulephera kothandizira kumatha kuyambitsa kuyendetsa nthawi yayitali kwa magetsi olakwika.

Mosasamala chifukwa chomwe chimachepetsa zothandizira, muyenera kuwunika momwe zinthu ziliri mu utsi. Koma tisanayang'ane momwe tingadziwire ngati chothandizira ndicholakwika, tiyeni tikambirane zomwe zizindikiro zikuwonetsa vuto.

Mawonekedwe a kutsekereza chothandizira pamagalimoto osiyanasiyana

Mosasamala kanthu za kupanga ndi chitsanzo cha galimoto, ngati imagwiritsa ntchito makina otulutsa mpweya ndi chosinthira chothandizira, ndiye ngati chatsekedwa, injiniyo siigwira ntchito bwino. Mwachitsanzo, pa zitsanzo za banja la VAZ, vutoli nthawi zambiri limatsagana ndi phokoso lochokera pansi pa galimoto, ngati miyala ikuwonekera mu utsi ndipo imagwedeza chitoliro. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chodziwikiratu cha kuwonongeka kwa zisa za bobbin, momwe mpweya wakupha umakhalapo.

Mnzake wa chothandizira chotsekedwa ndi mphamvu yochepa ya galimoto chifukwa cha "kulingalira" kwa galimoto. Pachifukwa ichi, galimotoyo imathamanga mofulumira. Ngati tilankhula za magalimoto apanyumba omwe ali ndi chothandizira, ndiye kuti zizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwake ndizofanana ndi zovuta zina m'galimoto. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonongeka kwa injini kungayambitsidwe ndi kuwonongeka kwa mafuta, kuyatsa, masensa ena, ndi zina zotero.

Ngati dalaivala amangowonjezera mafuta otsika mtengo, ndiye kuti kuwonjezera pakugwiritsa ntchito molakwika mphamvu yamagetsi, adzayambitsanso kutsekeka kwa chothandizira.

Kodi zizindikiro za chodzaza ndi chiyani?

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za chothandizira chakufa zitha kuwonekera pomwe galimoto imadutsa 200 km km. Koma zimatengera mawonekedwe amtundu wa galimotoyo, komanso momwe magwiridwe antchito. Nthawi zina, chosinthira chothandizira sichisamala ngakhale 150 zikwi.

Chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri chomwe munthu angaganize kuti vuto lachitetezo ndikutaya kwa mphamvu zama injini. Zotsatira zake, padzakhala kutayika kwa zoyendera. Chizindikiro ichi chimawonekera pakuwonongeka kwa mathamangitsidwe amgalimoto, komanso kuchepa kwakukulu kwakanthawi kothamanga kwa galimotoyo.

Zachidziwikire, chisamaliro chiyenera kulipidwa kwa chothandizira pazochitika ngati izi, ngati pali chidaliro chonse kuti machitidwe ena amgalimoto akugwira ntchito bwino. Mwachitsanzo, ngati pangakhale vuto, poyatsira, mafuta ndi magwiritsidwe amlengalenga atha kuchepetsa kwambiri zomwe zanenedwa pamwambapa zamagalimoto. Chifukwa chake, choyambirira, chidwi chiyenera kulipidwa pakugwira ntchito kwa machitidwewa ndi kulumikizana kwa ntchito yawo.

Womwalira kapena woyandikira dziko lino la chothandizira akhoza kukhala chifukwa:

1. Kuvuta koyambira kwa mota, mosasamala kutentha kwake;
2. Complete kulephera wagawo kuyamba;
3. Maonekedwe a kununkhira kwa haidrojeni sulphide m'mafuta otulutsa utsi;
4. Kupitilira phokoso pakamayendedwe ka injini (kumachokera ku babu wothandizira);
5. Kuwonjezeka / kuchepa kwa liwiro la injini.

Pomwe vuto lina limawoneka mumitundu ina yamagalimoto, chizindikiritso cha "Check Engine" chimawonekera bwino. Chizindikirochi sichimachitika nthawi zonse, chifukwa makinawo sagwiritsa ntchito masensa omwe amayang'ana momwe maselo aliri. Zambiri pazochitika za gawo lino la utsi ndizosalunjika, chifukwa masensa amasanthula momwe zinthu zimachitikira (ntchitoyi imagwiridwa ndi ma lambda probes). Kutseka pang'onopang'ono sikupezeka mwanjira iliyonse, chifukwa chake simuyenera kudalira chizindikirochi posankha momwe chipangizocho chilili.

Momwe mungayang'anire - chotsekera chothandizira kapena ayi

Pali njira zingapo zodziwira momwe chithandizocho chilili mgalimoto. Zina mwa njirazi ndizosavuta, ndipo mutha kudzifufuza. Ngati simukutsimikiza kuti ntchitoyi ichitika moyenera, izi zitha kuchitika pafupifupi pamalo aliwonse operekera ndalama zolipirira.

Portable Catalyst Analyzer - amasanthula mtundu wa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya "mphuno yamagetsi".

Nthawi zambiri, kulephera kwa chothandizira kumapezeka chifukwa chosowa mpweya wamafuta kapena kupezeka kwa ma particles akunja mu botolo la chipangizocho. "Ndi diso" mutha kuwona ngati chosinthira ichi chatsekedwa mwa kuyika dzanja lanu pansi pa payipi yotulutsa utsi. Ngati mukumva kuti utsi ukutuluka chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwina, ndiye kuti chothandizira sichachilendo.

Inde, kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi sikutheka kudziwa kuchuluka kwa zovala, koma ngati gawolo latsala pang'ono kuwonongeka kapena pafupifupi latsekedwa, ndiye kuti izi zitha kudziwika. Magawo olondola adzawonetsedwa ndi kuyeza kwapanikizika. Zolemba zaukadaulo pagalimoto iliyonse zimawonetsa zomwe ziyenera kukhala kuthamanga kwa mpweya womwe ukutuluka mu chitoliro cha utsi. Pachifukwa ichi, kuyeza kwapanikizika kumayikidwa m'malo mwa kafukufuku wa lambda womwe umapezeka pakabotolo.

Tiyeni tione njira zina zitatu zodziwira wosintha wothandizira.

Kuwona zowoneka

Mwachilengedwe, popanda kuphwanya chipangizocho, sikutheka kuchita izi. Kusintha kochititsa chidwi kwa babu yazitsulo (zotsatira zake mwamphamvu) pafupifupi 100% pamlanduwo kumatanthauza kuwonongedwa pang'ono kwama cell a filler. Kutengera kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka, kumatha kukhudza magwiridwe antchito a utsi. Zonsezi ndizapadera, ndipo chothandizira chikuyenera kuchotsedwa kuti tiwone momwe mkati mwa gawoli lawonongeka.

Chowotcha kapena chotsekera chothandizira chitha kuzindikirika nthawi yomweyo mutachotsa. Maselo ena adzasowa mmenemo, adzasungunuka kapena kudzaza ndi mwaye. Muthanso kudziwa kuti ma cell adadzaza ndi tochi. Itsegulidwa, imabweretsedwa polowera botolo. Ngati kuwala sikuwonekere potuluka, ndiye kuti gawolo liyenera kusinthidwa. Komanso, ngati mutaphwasula, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tinagwa mu botolo, simukuyenera kulingalira: chodzaza ndi ceramic chidagwa. Kuchuluka kwa tinthu timeneti kukuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka.

Kuti muchotse chothandizira mgalimoto, mufunika dzenje kapena kukweza. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kupeza chipangizocho komanso chosavuta kugwira ntchitoyi kuposa makina osokedwa. Muyeneranso kukumbukira kuti m'makina osiyanasiyana gawo ili limachotsedwa mwanjira yake. Kuti mudziwe zovuta za ndondomekoyi, muyenera kufotokoza izi mu malangizo a galimoto.

Chifukwa chogwira ntchito kutentha kwambiri, chosungira chitoliro chimatha kukhala chomata kwambiri, ndipo kuchichotsa sikungatheke kupatula chopukusira. Vuto lina lomwe limakhudzana ndikuwonedwa kwa gawolo limakhudza mawonekedwe azosintha zina. Nthawi zina, botolo limakhala ndi mapaipi opindika mbali zonse, chifukwa chisa cha uchi sichimawoneka. Kuti muwone kutha kwa mitundu yotere, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina.

Momwe mungadziwire ngati chothandizira chatsekedwa kapena osagwiritsa ntchito infrared thermometer

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za chothandizira chotsekera zikawonekera (zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, koma chofunikira ndikuchepa kwamphamvu zamagalimoto), kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi, gawo lamagetsi ndi dongosolo lotulutsa utsi liyenera kutenthedwa bwino. Kuti tichite izi, ndikwanira kuyendetsa galimoto kwa theka la ora. Kufotokozera: siinjini yokha yomwe iyenera kugwira ntchito, koma makina akuyenera kusuntha, ndiye kuti, wagwirayo wagwiranso ntchito.

Poterepa, chothandizira chikuyenera kutenthedwa kuposa madigiri 400. Pambuyo paulendowu, galimotoyo idakwapulidwa ndipo injini iyambiranso. Thermometer ya infrared imatha kukhala yothandiza nthawi zina, chifukwa chake itha kugulidwa pamiyeso ina (mwachitsanzo, kuyerekezera kutentha kwakunyumba).

Miyeso imapangidwa motere. Choyamba, laser ya chipangizocho imayendetsedwa ndi chitoliro pamalo olowera ndipo chizindikirocho chalembedwa. Kenako machitidwe omwewo amachitidwa ndi chitoliro potengera chipangizocho. Ndi neutralizer yogwira ntchito, kuwerengera kwa kutentha pakati polowera ndi potengera chipangizocho kumasiyana ndi madigiri pafupifupi 30-50.

Kusiyana kwakung'ono kumeneku kumachitika chifukwa cha zomwe zimachitika mkati mwa chipangizocho, zomwe zimatsagana ndi kutulutsa kwa kutentha. Koma pakakhala zovuta zilizonse, zizindikirozi zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana, ndipo nthawi zina kutentha kumakhala chimodzimodzi.

Momwe mungazindikire chothandizira chotseka pogwiritsa ntchito chosinthira chosinthira (autoscanner)

Miyeso yofananira yotentha mu chothandizira chotentha ingapangidwe pogwiritsa ntchito chosinthira. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa ELM327. Ichi ndi chida chothandiza chomwe chingathandize oyendetsa galimoto. Zimakupatsani mwayi wodziwunika makinawo, ndikuwunika momwe makina ake amagwirira ntchito ndi makina ake.

Kuti muchite izi pagalimoto yatsopano, sikani iyi yolumikizidwa ndi cholumikizira cha OBD2. Ngati galimotoyo ndi yachikale, ndiye kuti mufunikanso kugula adaputala yolumikizira yolumikizira (mwina ikhala chip yothandizira G12).

Kenako galimoto imayamba, mphamvu yamagetsi ndi chothandizira zimatenthetsa bwino. Kuti mudziwe momwe chithandizocho chilili, muyenera kukhala ndi foni yam'manja yokhala ndi pulogalamu yoyenera pomwe masensa awiri otentha (B1S1 ndi B1S2) amawonjezeredwa.

Chothandizira chimayesedwa chimodzimodzi ndi infrared thermometer. Chipangizochi chimayaka pambuyo poyendetsa theka la ola. Kusiyana kokha ndikuti zisonyezo zimasanthulidwa ndi pulogalamuyi.

Momwe mungayang'anire chothandizira kuti mutseke popanda kuchotsa

Kuti muwonetsetse kuti chothandizira sichikuyenda bwino popanda kuchichotsa ku utsi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri:

1. Kuyang'ana ndi exhaust gas analyzer. Izi ndi zida zovuta zomwe zimagwirizanitsa ndi chitoliro chotulutsa galimoto. Masensa amagetsi amasanthula kapangidwe ka mpweya wotulutsa mpweya ndikuzindikira momwe chothandiziracho chimagwirira ntchito.
2. Kubwerera kumbuyo. Ubwino wa njirayi ndikuti ukhoza kuchitidwa kunyumba, ndipo pakuwunika simuyenera kugula zida zapadera, ngakhale pali zida zopangidwa mokonzeka za njirayi. Akamanena za diagnostics ndi kudziwa mmene kumbuyo kukakamiza chothandizira amalenga mu modes osiyana injini ntchito. Ndikosavuta kuchita cheke chotere ngati ma sensor awiri a okosijeni (lambda probes) amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu utsi. Sensor yoyamba (kutsogolo kwa chothandizira) imachotsedwa, ndipo choyenerera ndi chubu chimagwedezeka m'malo mwake, pamapeto pake chomwe chiwongoladzanja chimayikidwa. Ndibwino kuti zoyenerera ndi chubu zimapangidwa ndi mkuwa - chitsulo ichi chimakhala ndi kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri, choncho chimazizira mofulumira. Ngati galimoto imodzi yokha ya lambda ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti bowo la m'mimba mwake loyenera limabowoleredwa mu chitoliro kutsogolo kwa chothandizira, ndipo ulusi umadulidwamo. Pa liwiro losiyana la injini, kuwerengera kwamphamvu kumajambulidwa. M'malo mwake, pa injini yamagetsi, kuyeza kuthamanga kuyenera kukhala mkati mwa 0.5 kgf / cc.

Choyipa cha njira yoyamba ndikuti sichipezeka kwa anthu okhala m'matauni ang'onoang'ono chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwa zida (malo ambiri othandizira sangakwanitse kugula). Choyipa cha njira yachiwiri ndikuti ngati palibe kafukufuku wa lambda kutsogolo kwa chothandizira, padzakhala kofunika kuwononga chitoliro patsogolo pake, ndipo pambuyo pa matenda, pulagi yoyenera iyenera kuikidwa.

Kuyesedwa kodziyimira pawokha kwa chothandizira kuyenera kuchitidwa pagalimoto yoyenda. Chifukwa chake kuwerengera kwamphamvu kwamagetsi kudzakhala komveka bwino, poganizira kuchuluka kwa injini.

Zotsatira zakuthira kotsekereza

Kutengera kukula kwa chothandizira, mwaye ungachotsedwe. Ngati simusamala za kusintha kwa nthawi, ndiye kuti tsiku lina galimoto izisiya kuyambika. Koma poyamba, njirayo imayimitsidwa pafupifupi atangoyamba kapena kugwira ntchito yosakhazikika.

Chimodzi mwazowonongeka zomwe zanyalanyazidwa kwambiri ndi kusungunuka kwa maselo a ceramic. Poterepa, chothandizira sichingakonzedwe, ndipo palibe ntchito yobwezeretsa yomwe ingathandize. Kuti injini igwire chimodzimodzi, chothandizira chimayenera kusinthidwa. Ena ziziyenda kukhazikitsa lamoto arrester m'malo mwa gawo ili, pokhapokha, kuti ntchito yolondola ya unit ulamuliro, m'pofunika Sinthani mapulogalamu. Chifukwa chake ECU sichidzakonza zolakwika chifukwa cha kuwerengera kolakwika kwa mayesero a lambda.

Ngati chodzaza chothandizira chawonongeka, zinyalala mumachitidwe otulutsa utsi zitha kuwononga injini. M'magalimoto ena, zidachitika kuti ma particles a keramiki adalowa mu injini. Chifukwa cha ichi, yamphamvu-pisitoni gulu ikulephera, ndipo woyendetsa ayenera, kuwonjezera pa kukonza utsi dongosolo, komanso injini likulu.

Koma, monga tanena kale, kutsika kwa mphamvu yama injini ndi kayendedwe ka galimoto sikumangokhalapo nthawi zonse ndi chothandizira cholakwika. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa chakuyendetsa bwino kapena kulephera kwa makina enaake. Pachifukwa ichi, pamene zizindikiritso zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambazi zikuwonekera, kuyesedwa kwathunthu kwa galimoto kuyenera kuchitidwa. Za momwe njirayi imachitikira, komanso momwe ingathandizire, werengani m'nkhani ina.

Kodi chothandizira chotsekeka chimakhudza bwanji magwiridwe antchito a injini?

Popeza mpweya wotulutsa mpweya uyenera kuchoka pa injini momasuka panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito injini, chothandizira sichiyenera kupanga kukakamiza kwakukulu kwa njirayi. Sizingatheke kuthetsa izi, chifukwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umadutsa m'maselo ang'onoang'ono a converter.

Ngati chothandizira chimakhala chotsekeka, izi zimakhudza makamaka momwe magwiridwe antchito amagwirira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, pa nthawi yoyambitsa injini yoyaka mkati, ma silinda amakhala opanda mpweya wabwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asadzazidwe bwino ndi kusakaniza kwamafuta a mpweya wabwino. Pazifukwa izi, ndi chosinthira cholakwika chothandizira, galimotoyo singayambe (kapena kuyimitsidwa itangoyamba).

Poyendetsa galimoto, zimamveka kuti injiniyo yataya mphamvu zina, zomwe zimabweretsa kusayenda bwino. Ndi chothandizira chotsekeka, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kumachulukirachulukira chifukwa chakuchepa kwa carburetion komanso kufunikira kokanikizira chowongolera mwamphamvu.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndi chothandizira chokhazikika

Mafuta opaka mafuta akatha mu injini, mafuta amalowa mu osakaniza a mpweya. Sichiwotcha kwathunthu, chifukwa chake zolembera zimawonekera pamakoma a maselo othandizira. Poyamba, izi zimatsagana ndi utsi wabuluu kuchokera ku chitoliro chotulutsa mpweya. Pambuyo pake, zolengeza pa maselo a Converter ukuwonjezeka, pang'onopang'ono kutsekereza ndimeyi mpweya utsi mu chitoliro. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndizomwe zimayambitsa chosinthira chotsekeka, osati mosemphanitsa.

Bwanji ngati chothandizira chadzaza?

Ngati poyang'ana galimoto zapezeka kuti chothandizira ndi cholakwika, pali njira zitatu zothetsera vutoli:

• Chosavuta kwambiri pankhaniyi ndikuchotsa gawolo ndikuyika chowotcha moto m'malo mwake. Monga tanenera kale, kuti m'malo mwa zoterezi zamagetsi zamagalimoto sizilembetsa zolakwika zambiri, pakufunika kukonza mawonekedwe a ECU. Koma ngati galimotoyo iyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zachilengedwe, ndiye kuti ntchito yomwe imayang'anira pulogalamuyi ipereka chindapusa pakapangidwe kazinthu kotere.
• Kutengera kuchuluka kwa kuipitsidwa, chothandizira chimatha kupezanso. Tidzakambirana mwatsatanetsatane za njirayi.
• Njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri ndikusinthira chipangizocho ndi chimodzimodzi. Kutengera mtundu wamagalimoto, kukonza koteroko kumawononga $ 120 ndi zina zambiri.

Momwe Mungakonzere Chotupa Chotseka

Njirayi ndiyomveka kokha m'magawo oyamba okutira. M'masitolo omwe amagulitsa zinthu zamagalimoto, mutha kutenga njira zosiyanasiyana zochotsera mwaye m'maselo othandizira. Kuyika kwa zinthu zotere kumawonetsa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito moyenera.

Mawotchi kuwonongeka, chifukwa cha zomwe zimadzaza ndi ceramic, sizingakonzedwe mwanjira iliyonse. Palibe makatiriji osinthika a gawoli, chifukwa chake palibe chifukwa chotsegulira botolo ndi chopukusira ndikuyesera kupeza zodzaza zofananira pakubwezeretsa magalimoto.

Zomwezo zitha kunenedwa pamilandu yomwe, chifukwa cha kusayendera bwino kwa mafuta ndi poyatsira, mafuta amawotchedwa. Chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu, maselo amasungunuka ndipo pamlingo wina amalepheretsa kuchotsa kwaulere mpweya wotulutsa utsi. Palibe kuyeretsa kapena kutsuka kwa chothandizira kumathandizira pankhaniyi.

Kodi kukonzaku kumaphatikizapo chiyani?

Ndizosatheka kukonza chosinthira chotsekeka. Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti mwaye pang'onopang'ono umauma mwamphamvu ndipo sungathe kuchotsedwa. Pazipita zomwe zingatheke ndi kuteteza kuthamangitsidwa kwa maselo, koma ndondomeko yotereyi imakhala ndi zotsatira zake kumayambiriro kwa kutsekedwa, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira.

Oyendetsa galimoto ena amaboola timabowo tating’ono m’zisa zotsekeka. Choncho amakonza njira yochotsera mpweya wotulutsa mpweya. Koma mu nkhani iyi, ndi neutralization wa poizoni mpweya sizichitika (ayenera kukumana ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, ndipo amene anatseka kwathunthu chifukwa mwaye ndi anachita mankhwala sizichitika).

Monga m'malo mwa chothandizira, malo ena othandizira amapereka kukhazikitsa "chinyengo" mu mawonekedwe a botolo lomwelo, popanda reel. Kuletsa masensa a okosijeni kuti asapangitse cholakwika mu gawo lowongolera, "ubongo" wa makinawo amawunikira, ndipo zotchingira moto zimayikidwa m'malo mwa ma cell a neutralizer.

Njira yabwino yokonzera chothandizira chotsekeka ndikuyisintha ndi analogue yatsopano. Choyipa chachikulu cha njirayi ndi kukwera mtengo kwa gawo lokha.

Kuchotsa chosinthira chothandizira

Njirayi, kutengera momwe zinthu zikugwirira ntchito, imatha kuchitika mtunda wa makilomita pafupifupi 200 zikwi za galimotoyo. Ili ndiye yankho lokwera mtengo kwambiri pamavuto ndi gawo lotseka lotulutsa utsi. Mtengo wokwera wa gawoli ndichifukwa choti si makampani ambiri omwe akupanga zida zotere.

Chifukwa chotumiza kumayiko osiyanasiyana, zoterezi ndizodula. Komanso, chipangizocho chimagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zodula. Izi zimathandizira kuti zoyambitsa zoyambirira ndizokwera mtengo.

Ngati lingaliro lakhazikitsidwa kuti lipange gawo loyambirira, ndiye kuti sipadzakhala chifukwa chokusokonezera makonda oyang'anira magalimoto. Izi zidzasunga makina azakapangidwe ka makinawo, chifukwa azitsatira miyezo yazachilengedwe, ndipo injini izigwiritsa ntchito zomwe ikufuna.

Opondereza lawi m'malo mwa chothandizira

Popeza ndiokwera mtengo kubweza galimoto kuma fakitale, oyendetsa galimoto ambiri amakakamizika kupeza njira zina. Chimodzi mwazomwezi ndikukhazikitsa chothandizira cha chilengedwe chonse. Izi zitha kukhala zosankha zomwe zikugwirizana ndimitundu yamagalimoto ambiri, kapena katiriji wina yemwe amalowetsa m'malo mwake wopangidwa kuti akhazikitsidwe m'malo mwadzaza mafakitole.

Kachiwiri, ntchitoyi siyofunika kugula zinthu zakuthupi, ngakhale itha kupulumutsa vutoli kwakanthawi. Chothandizira choterechi chidzagwira ntchito pafupifupi 60 mpaka 90 zikilomita zikwi. Koma pali mautumiki ochepa kwambiri omwe atha kukweza izi. Kuphatikiza apo sichikhala chosankha cha fakitole chifukwa, monga tidanenera koyambirira, opanga zida zamagalimoto samapanga makatiriji osinthira.

Ndikotsika mtengo kukhazikitsa choyimira moto. Ngati gawoli lidayikidwa m'malo mwa zida zofananira, ndiye kuti kusinthako ndikosavuta kuzindikira, ndipo ngati makinawo akuyang'aniridwa, ndiye kuti sangapereke cheke. Kukhazikitsa kwamoto wamkati wamkati (kuyikidwa mu chothandizira chopanda kanthu) kudzakuthandizani kubisala kukweza koteroko, koma masensa opangira utsi awonetseratu kusiyana ndi zizindikiritso zofananira.

Chifukwa chake, njira iliyonse yosinthira yasankhidwa, pokhapokha ngati mtundu wa fakitole wakhazikitsidwa kuti galimoto iyenera kukumana ndi magawo onse.

Zotsatira zake ngati chothandizira sichikukonzedwa

Pafupifupi injini iliyonse yophatikizidwa ndi makina otulutsa mpweya wokhala ndi chothandizira imatha kulephera mwachangu ngati chosinthiracho chatsekedwa, ndipo dalaivala amanyalanyaza zizindikiro zowoneka bwino za vuto lotere.

Zabwino kwambiri, chinthu chotsekeka chotulutsa mpweya chimalepheretsa injini kuyamba. Choipa kwambiri, ngati tinthu tating'ono ta zisa zamwazikana timalowa mu masilindala. Chifukwa chake adzachita ngati zowononga ndikuwononga galasi la silinda, zomwe pambuyo pake zidzatsogolera kukonzanso kwakukulu kwa injini.

Kodi mutha kuyendetsa ndi chosinthira chothandizira chotsekeka?

Ngati chosinthira chothandizira chatsekedwa pang'ono, galimotoyo imatha kuyendetsedwa, ndipo dalaivala sangazindikire vutolo. Ngakhale mphamvu ya galimotoyo idzacheperachepera pang'ono peresenti, ndipo kugwiritsira ntchito mafuta kudzawonjezeka pang'ono, ochepa adzalira alamu.

Kutsika kwakukulu kwa mphamvu kumapangitsa kuyendetsa galimoto yotereyi kukhala yosapiririka - muyenera kubweretsa injiniyo mofulumira kwambiri kuti musunthire ku gear yapamwamba, ndipo ikadzaza, galimotoyo imakhala yocheperapo kusiyana ndi magalimoto okwera pamahatchi. Kuphatikiza apo, chothandizira chowonongeka chingayambitse kulephera mwachangu kwa injini.

Kodi ndikofunikira kuchita kukonza chothandizira panthawi yake?

Ziribe kanthu komwe chosinthira chothandizira chayikidwiratu, chimakhalabe ndi maselo omwe ali ndi mankhwala, omwe adzatsekeka posachedwa ndikugwira ntchito kwa chipangizocho. Ubwino wamafuta, mawonekedwe amafuta ndi poyatsira - zonsezi zimakhudza moyo wa gawolo, koma sizingatheke kuthetsa kutseka kwa maselo.

Ngati tikulankhula za kupewa kutchinjiriza kwa chothandizira, ndiye kuti ndizomveka kuchita zomwezo. Pankhaniyi, moyo wautumiki wa chinthu ichi udzakhala zaka 10 kapena kupitilira apo. Zosintha pakuyesa kwa kafukufuku wa lambda zitha kuwonetsa zovuta ndi chothandizira, chomwe chitha kupezeka pakuwunika kwamakompyuta pafupipafupi.

Ngati zolakwitsa zazing'ono zingawonekere pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi, izi zitha kukhala chifukwa choti oyang'anira amayesa kusinthitsa magwiridwe ake ndi kusintha kwa kafukufuku wa lambda potulutsa chothandizira. Ndikoyenera kukumbukira kuti kuthira chipangizocho kumangomveka kokha koyambirira kutseka. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kugula chida chapadera chomwe chingapezeke m'sitolo yogulitsa mankhwala.

Koma si chida chilichonse chimapereka zotsatira zomwe mukufuna. Musanagule chinthu choterocho, muyenera kufotokoza momwe chimagwirira ntchito. Nayi kanema wamfupi ngati zingatheke kutsuka chothandizira popanda kuchichotsa mgalimoto:

Kodi chosinthira choyendetsa galimoto chingatsukidwe?

Kanema pa mutuwo

Nayi kanema watsatanetsatane wowunika chosinthira chothandizira:

momwe mungayang'anire chosinthira chothandizira chotsekeka ndikupeza mtengo wake

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Bwanji ngati chothandizira chadzaza? Ngati chothandizira chatsekedwa, ndiye kuti sichimakonzedwa. Poterepa, zimasinthidwa kukhala zatsopano kapena kuchotsedwa. Pachifukwa chachiwiri, zotsekemera zonse (zisa zouma zoumba) zimachotsedwa mu botolo, ndipo firmware yoyang'anira ikukonzedwanso kuti isalembetse zolakwika kuchokera pazofufuza za lambda. Njira ina ndikukhazikitsa choyaka moto m'malo mwa chothandizira. Pachifukwa ichi, chinthu ichi chimapangitsa kuti makina oyaka moto azikhala ofewa komanso omvera, koma nthawi yomweyo moyo wautumiki wa utsi umachepetsedwa.

Momwe mungadziwonere nokha ngati chothandizira chadzaza? Chizindikiro chofala cha chosinthira chotsekera chothandizira chimagogoda pakufulumira (kumverera ngati zinyalala zawonekera mu chitha chothandizira). Mawonedwe, vutoli limatha kudziwika mutayendetsa kwambiri. Kuyimitsa galimoto ndikuyang'ana pansi pake, mutha kupeza kuti chothandizira ndichotentha. Zotsatira zotere zikapezeka, zikutanthauza kuti chipangizocho chidzalephera posachedwa. Galimoto ikayamba pakatha nthawi yayitali (injini yoyaka mkati yatsika kwathunthu), vuto la chotsekera chodzikanira limadziwonetsera lokha pakununkhira koipa komanso kosangalatsa kwa utsi. Pogwiritsira ntchito zida, chothandizira chimayang'aniridwa kuti chikutsatira kutsata kwa mpweya wamafuta m'dera la kafukufuku wa lambda. Njira zina zimaphatikizira kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera komanso zowunikira makompyuta.