Kodi mafuta amtundu wa dizilo ndi angati?
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Kodi mafuta amtundu wa dizilo ndi angati?

Chiwerengero cha cetane, ngati gawo lofunikira pamtengo wamafuta a dizilo, chikuwonetsa mtundu wake potengera mawonekedwe a mafuta a dizilo, omwe ndiofunikira kwambiri pa injini ya dizilo. Mwanjira ina, nambala ya cetane imagwirizana ndi nthawi yochedwetsa mafuta a dizilo mutalowa jekeseni.

Mofanana ndi nambala ya octane, nambala ya cetane imawonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwake kukhale bwino, injini izichita bwino kwambiri. Chowonadi ndichakuti ngakhale pankhaniyi, chilichonse chimadalira kapangidwe ka injini, ndipo nthawi zambiri nambala yayikulu kwambiri ndi njira yotsatsa, osati kusintha kwenikweni kwa magwiridwe antchito.

Chofunikira chachikulu pamafuta pa injini ya dizilo ndikuyatsa kwake kwabwino pambuyo jekeseni mu silinda. Komabe, kuti ntchito yolondola ya injini dizilo, otchedwa kuchedwa poyatsira. Kuchedwa kwa kuyatsa ndi nthawi yomwe imadutsa pakati pa jekeseni wa mafuta mu chipinda choyaka ndi nthawi yoyatsira yokha. Nthawiyi ikuimiridwa ndi nambala ya cetane. Kukwanira acc. Kutalika kwa kuchedwa koyatsira kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kapangidwe ka injini (chipinda choyaka) ndi zida za jakisoni. Injini yomwe imawotcha mafuta okhala ndi nambala yoyenera ya cetane imayamba bwino, imakhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira, imagwira ntchito mopanda phokoso komanso yosalala, yocheperako, komanso mpweya wotulutsa mpweya wokhala ndi mpweya wabwino. Kutsika kwambiri kwa cetane yamafuta a dizilo kumabweretsa kuchedwa kwanthawi yayitali, ndipo panthawi yoyatsira, mafuta a atomu muchipinda choyakira amakhala kale pang'ono. Izi zipangitsa kuti mafuta a vaporized (mafuta ochulukirapo kuposa momwe amafunikira) ayatse nthawi yomweyo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu ya chipinda choyaka cha injini iwuke mwachangu kwambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kuti injini ikhale yaphokoso kwambiri, kusayeretsa bwino komanso kuchepa kwa mpweya. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, chiwerengero cha cetane chokwera kwambiri chimabweretsa kuchedwa kwafupikitsa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mafuta alibe nthawi yokwanira kuti atomize bwino ndikuyamba kuyaka pafupi kwambiri ndi mphuno. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mabowo ake aphimbidwe ndi mwaye. Kusakwanira kwa atomization kumatanthauzanso kusakanikirana kosakwanira ndi mpweya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuyaka kosakwanira ndi kupanga mwaye.

Mafuta ambiri a dizilo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lapansi kuyendetsa makina oyaka amkati amkati ali ndi nambala ya cetane pafupifupi 51-55. Miyezo yathu komanso yaku Europe imafuna nambala ya cetane yosachepera 51, dizilo woyambira kuchokera kwa opanga ena amafikira nambala ya cetane m'mayunitsi 58 mpaka 65. Nambala yoyenera ya cetane imayikidwa ndi omwe amapanga injini ya dizilo ndipo zomwe zikufunika pakadali pano zili pakati pa 50 ndi 60. Ponena za kuchepetsedwa kwa mpweya, mfundozi ziyenera kukulitsidwa mtsogolomu, ndikupeza magetsi kukhala chinthu chachiwiri.

Mtengo wa nambala ya cetane umatsimikiziridwa mofanana ndi nambala ya octane ya mafuta, ndiko kuti, gawo la voliyumu ya zinthu ziwiri. Yoyamba ndi cetane (n-hexadecane C16H34) - nambala ya cetane 100, yomwe imadziwika ndi kuchedwa kwaufupi kwambiri, ndipo yachiwiri - alpha-methylnaphthalene (C11H10) - nambala ya cetane 0, yomwe imasonyeza kuchedwa kwa nthawi yaitali kwambiri. Payokha, mafuta a dizilo oyera alibe cetane wochuluka, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha pophatikizana. Nambala ya cetane, monga nambala ya octane ya petulo, ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa powonjezera zowonjezera zowonjezera monga alkyl nitrate kapena di-tert-butyl peroxide. Chosangalatsanso ndi mgwirizano pakati pa manambala a octane ndi cetane. Kukwera kwa nambala ya cetane yamafuta operekedwa a hydrocarbon, kumachepetsa nambala yake ya octane. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kutsika kwa nambala ya cetane, ndipamwamba nambala ya octane.

 

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi ma octane amafuta a dizilo ndi otani? Mafuta a dizilo ayenera kukhala ndi nambala ya 45-55. Pankhaniyi, injini idzachita bwino. Ndi nambala ya cetane yomwe ili pansi pa 40, kuyaka kumachedwa kwambiri, ndipo galimotoyo imatha kwambiri.

Kodi nambala ya octane ya mafuta a petulo ndi chiyani? Mafuta a petulo amapezedwa ndi distillation ndikusankha tizigawo ta mafuta pamalo otentha mkati mwa madigiri 100-130. Mafuta onsewa ali ndi nambala yotsika ya octane. RON (65) yapamwamba kwambiri imapezeka pamafuta oyenda mowongoka kuchokera kumafuta ochokera ku Azerbaijan, Sakhalin, Krasnodar Territory ndi Central Asia.

Momwe mungawonjezere nambala ya octane yamafuta? Pachifukwa ichi, mafuta a paraffinic ndi onunkhira amtundu wa nthambi amawonjezedwa ku mafuta. Zinthu izi zimaphatikizidwa ndi zina zowonjezera.

Kodi ndi hydrocarbon iti yomwe imatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa mafuta a dizilo? Ma hydrocarbon a hexamethyldecane (cetane) ndi alpha-methylnaphthalene amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati miyezo. Manambala awo a cetane ndi 100 ndi 0, motsatira.

Kuwonjezera ndemanga