Chipangizo choyatsira magalimoto

Injini iliyonse yoyaka yamkati yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mafuta kapena gasi silingagwire ntchito popanda poyatsira. Tiyeni tiwone tanthauzo lake lenileni, pamalingaliro ake omwe amagwirira ntchito, ndi mitundu yanji.

Kodi dongosolo loyatsira magalimoto ndi chiyani?

Makina oyatsira a galimoto yokhala ndi injini yamafuta ndi magetsi oyendera magetsi okhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe kudalira mphamvu yamagetsi yonse. Cholinga chake ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zotsekemera zimapitilira mosalekeza momwe mafuta osakanikirana ndi mafuta amaponderezedwa kale (compression stroke).

Ma injini a dizilo alibe mtundu woyatsira poyatsira. Mwa iwo, poyatsira mafuta osakaniza ndi mpweya kumachitika malinga ndi mfundo ina. Mu silinda, panthawi yoponderezana, mpweya umapanikizika kotero kuti umatenthetsa kutentha kwa mafuta.

Pamwamba pakufa kwa psinjika, mafuta amalowetsedwa mu silinda, ndikupangitsa kuphulika. Mapulagi owala amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonzekera mpweya mu silinda m'nyengo yozizira.

Kodi njira yoyatsira ndi yotani?

M'magetsi oyaka mkati amkati, dongosolo loyatsira limafunikira:

• Kulengedwa kwa mphanvu yamphamvu yofananira;
• Kupanga kwakanthawi kwakanthawi kwakanthawi (pisitoni ili pakatikati kwambiri pakufa kwa kuponderezana, ma valve onse atsekedwa);
• Kuthetheka kwamphamvu kokwanira kuyatsa petulo kapena gasi;
• Njira yopitilira yogwiritsira ntchito zonenepa zonse, kutengera dongosolo lokhazikika la silinda-pisitoni.

Momwe ntchito

Mosasamala mtundu wamachitidwe, mfundo yogwirira ntchito imakhalabe yofanana. Chojambulira cha crankshaft chimazindikira nthawi yomwe pisitoni yoyamba yamphamvu ili pamwamba pakufa kwa kuponderezana. Mphindi ino imatsimikizira dongosolo loyambitsa gwero lamphamvu mu silinda yofananira. Kuphatikiza apo, chowongolera kapena chosinthira chimayamba kugwira ntchito (kutengera mtundu wamachitidwe). Mphamvu imafalikira ku chida chowongolera, chomwe chimatumiza chizindikiro ku koyilo koyatsira.

Chophimbacho chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi ndikupanga mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imapatsidwa valavu. Kuchokera pamenepo, pakadali pano amapatsidwa pulagi yamphamvu, yomwe imatulutsa magazi. Dongosolo lonse limagwira ntchito poyatsira - fungulo limatembenuzidwa pamalo oyenera.

Chithunzithunzi cha poyatsira magalimoto

Chipangizo cha SZ scheme chikuphatikiza:

• Mphamvu yamagetsi (batri);
• Sitata kulandirana;
• Contact gulu loko poyatsira;
• KZ (yosungira magetsi kapena yosinthira);
• Wogwira ntchito;
• Wogulitsa;
• Bakuman;
• Mawaya a BB;
• Mawaya wamba omwe amakhala ndi magetsi ochepa;
• Kuthetheka pulagi.

Mitundu yayikulu yamayendedwe oyatsira

Pakati pa SZ zonse, pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu:

• Lumikizanani;
• Zosagwirizana.

Mfundo ntchito mwa iwo sanasinthe - dera magetsi amapanga ndi kugawira kukhudzidwa magetsi. Amasiyana wina ndi mzake momwe amagawira ndikugwiritsa ntchito chikoka pachidaulacho, momwe timapangira.

Palinso machitidwe a transistor (inductor) ndi thyristor (capacitor). Amasiyana wina ndi mzake mu njira yosungira mphamvu. Pachiyambi choyamba, amadzipangira maginito a coil, ndipo ma transistors amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati breaker. Pachiwiri, mphamvu imasonkhanitsidwa mu capacitor, ndipo thyristor imakhala ngati yopuma. Nthawi zambiri ntchito transistor zosintha.

Lumikizanani ndi machitidwe oyatsira

Machitidwe oterewa ali ndi dongosolo losavuta. Mwa iwo, magetsi amayenda kuchokera pa batri kupita ku coil. Kumeneko, mpweya wamagetsi wamagetsi umapangidwa kwambiri, womwe umathamangira kwa wofalitsa wamagetsi. Kugawidwa kwa dongosolo lakutumiza kwachangu kwa zonenepa kumadalira motsatana kwake. Mphamvuyo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa pulagi yofanana.

Njira zolumikizirana zimaphatikizapo mitundu ya batri ndi transistor. Pachiyambi, pali makina osokoneza thupi omwe amagawa, omwe amathyola dera kuti atuluke ndikutseka dera kuti azilipiritsa ma coil awiri (kumulowetsa koyambirira kumayikidwa). Dongosolo la transistor m'malo mwa makina osokoneza makina ali ndi transistor yomwe imayang'anira mphindi yolipira ya coil.

M'makina omwe amatha kugwiritsa ntchito makina osokoneza bongo, makina owonjezera amatha kuyikanso, omwe amachepetsa kukwera kwamagetsi panthawi yotseka / kutsegula. M'machitidwe oterewa, kuchuluka kwa oyanjana nawo kumachepa, zomwe zimawonjezera moyo wa chipangizocho.

Maseketi a Transistor amatha kukhala ndi transistors imodzi kapena zingapo (kutengera kuchuluka kwa ma coil) omwe amasintha ngati dera. Amatsegula kapena kutseka koyilo koyambirira. M'machitidwe oterewa, sipafunikira kukhala ndi capacitor chifukwa kumulowetsa kumatsegulidwa / kutsekedwa pamene magetsi otsika agwiritsidwa ntchito.

Machitidwe oyatsira osalumikizana

Ma SZ onse amtunduwu alibe makina osokoneza. M'malo mwake, pali sensa yogwira ntchito yosalumikizana nayo. Zowonjezera, holo kapena masensa opangira amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida chowongolera chosinthira.

Magalimoto amakono ali ndi mtundu wamagetsi SZ. Mmenemo, mpweya wapamwamba umapangidwa ndikugawidwa ndi zida zamagetsi zosiyanasiyana. Dongosolo microprocessor molondola kudziwa nthawi ya poyatsira wa osakaniza mpweya mafuta.

Gulu la makina osalumikizana ndi awa:

• Single koyilo koyilo. M'machitidwe oterewa, kandulo iliyonse imalumikizidwa ndi gawo lina lalifupi. Chimodzi mwamaubwino amachitidwe otere ndikutseka kwa silinda imodzi ngati koyilo iliyonse yalephera. Kusintha kwa zithunzizi kumatha kukhala ngati kokhako kamodzi kapena munthu aliyense pagawo lalifupi. Mu mitundu ina yamagalimoto, malowa amapezeka mu ECU. Machitidwe oterewa ali ndi mawaya ophulika.
• Chovala cha wina aliyense pamakandulo (COP). Kukhazikitsa dera lalifupi pamwamba pa pulagi yothetheka kunapangitsa kuti zisakhale ndi zingwe zophulika.
• Ma coil awiri (DIS). M'machitidwe otere, pali makandulo awiri pa koyilo. Pali njira ziwiri zokhazikitsira magawo awa: pamwamba pa kandulo kapena mwachindunji. Koma pazochitika zonsezi, DIS imafuna chingwe chamagetsi chachikulu.

Pogwira ntchito mosadodometsedwa pakusintha kwamagetsi kwa SZ, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi masensa owonjezera omwe amalemba zilembo zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhudza nthawi yoyatsira, pafupipafupi komanso mphamvu yamagetsi. Zizindikiro zonse zimapita ku ECU, yomwe imayang'anira dongosolo kutengera mawonekedwe a wopanga.

SZ zamagetsi zitha kukhazikitsidwa pama injini onse a jakisoni ndi carburetor. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwamaubwino pazomwe mungachite. Ubwino wina ndikukula kwa moyo wautumiki pazinthu zambiri zomwe zimaphatikizidwa pamagetsi amagetsi.

Malfunctions chachikulu cha dongosolo poyatsira

Magalimoto ambiri amakono amakhala ndi poyatsira pakompyuta, chifukwa imakhala yolimba kwambiri kuposa chida chamtengo wapatali. Koma ngakhale kusinthidwa kokhazikika kungakhale ndi zolakwika zake. Kuzindikira kwakanthawi kukuthandizani kuzindikira zoperewera kumayambiliro. Izi zimapewa kukonzanso magalimoto okwera mtengo.

Zina mwazolakwika zazikulu za SZ ndi kulephera kwa chimodzi mwazinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi:

• Poyatsira coils;
• Makandulo;
• Mawaya a BB.

Zolakwa zambiri zimatha kuzipeza zokha ndikuzichotsa posintha zomwe zalephera. Kawirikawiri chekechi chitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito zida zopangira zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wodziwa kupezeka kwa kachasu kapena vuto lalifupi. Mavuto ena amatha kudziwika ndikuwunika, mwachitsanzo, kutchinjiriza kwa mawaya ophulika kukawonongeka kapena ma kaboni amawonekera pamakina a plugs.

Makina oyatsira amatha kulephera pazifukwa izi:

• Ntchito zosayenera - kusatsatira malamulowo kapena kuwunika koyipa;
• Kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa galimoto, mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta otsika kwambiri, kapena zinthu zosadalirika zomwe zitha kulephera msanga;
• Zinthu zoyipa zakunja monga nyengo yonyowa, kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kugwedera kwamphamvu kapena kutentha kwambiri.

Ngati makina apakompyuta amaikidwa m'galimoto, ndiye kuti zolakwika mu ECU zimakhudzanso magwiridwe antchito oyatsira. Komanso, kusokonekera kumatha kuchitika pomwe chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri zatha. Njira yothandiza kwambiri yoyesera dongosolo lonse ili ndi chida chotchedwa oscilloscope. Ndizovuta kudziyimira pawokha kusazindikira kwenikweni kwa koyilo yoyatsira.

The oscillogram iwonetsa kusintha kwa chipangizocho. Mwanjira imeneyi, mwachitsanzo, kutseka kwapakatikati kumatha kuzindikirika. Ndikulephera kugwira ntchito koteroko, nthawi yaying'ono yoyaka ndi mphamvu zake zitha kuchepa kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, kamodzi pachaka, m'pofunika kudziwa kwathunthu dongosolo lonse ndikusintha (ngati kulumikizana) kapena kuthetsa zolakwika za ECU.

Muyenera kumvetsera SZ ngati:

• Makina oyaka amkati samayambira bwino (makamaka kuzizira);
• Galimotoyo imakhazikika osachita chilichonse;
• Mphamvu ya injini yoyaka mkati yatsika;
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kwawonjezeka.

Tebulo lotsatirali limatchula zina mwazovuta zoyambira poyatsira ndi mawonekedwe awo:

Maonekedwe:	Chifukwa chotheka:
1. Zovuta kuyambitsa injini kapena sikuyamba konse; 2. Liwiro losakhazikika losagwira	Kutchinjiriza kwa waya wophulika kumathyoledwa (kuwonongeka); Makandulo opunduka; Kusweka kapena kulephera kwa coil; Chivundikiro cha kachipangizo chogawira chasweka kapena kulephera kwake; Kuwonongeka kwa switch.
1. Kuchuluka kwa mafuta; 2. Kuchepetsa mphamvu zamagalimoto	Kutulutsa koyipa (kusungitsa kaboni kapena kusweka kwa SZ); Kuwonongeka kwa owongolera a OZ.

Nayi tebulo la zizindikilo zakunja ndi zovuta zina zamagetsi:

Chizindikiro chakunja:	Wonongeka:
1. Zovuta kuyambitsa injini kapena sikuyamba konse; 2. Liwiro losakhazikika losagwira	Kuwonongeka kwa mawaya ophulika (amodzi kapena angapo), ngati ali mkombero; Mapulagi opanda pake; Kuwonongeka kapena kulephera kwa gawo lalifupi; Kuwonongeka kwa sensa imodzi kapena zingapo (holo, DPKV, ndi zina); Zolakwa mu ECU.
1. Kuchuluka kwa mafuta; 2. Mphamvu yamagalimoto yatsika	Mpweya umayika pa mapulagi kapena kulephera kwawo; Kuwonongeka kwa masensa olowetsera (holo, DPKV, ndi zina); Zolakwa mu ECU.

Popeza makina oyatsira osayanjanitsidwa alibe zoyenda, mgalimoto zamasiku ano, ndikuzindikira kwakanthawi kuwonongeka, SZ siyodziwika kwenikweni kuposa magalimoto akale.

Zowonetsa zambiri zakunja kwa SZ kusokonekera ndizofanana ndi zovuta zamagetsi. Pachifukwa ichi, musanayese kukonza zolephera zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zikuwonjezeka, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti machitidwe ena akugwira bwino ntchito.

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Ndi makina oyatsira otani? Magalimoto amagwiritsa ntchito njira zolumikizirana komanso zosalumikizana. Mtundu wachiwiri wa SZ uli ndi zosintha zingapo. Kuyatsa kwamagetsi kumaphatikizidwanso m'gulu la BSZ.

Momwe mungadziwire makina oyatsira? Magalimoto onse amakono ali ndi makina oyatsira opanda kulumikizana. Sensor ya Hall ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pogawa pazakale. Pankhaniyi, kuyatsa sikulumikizana.

Kodi makina oyatsira magalimoto amagwira ntchito bwanji? Chotsekera, gwero lamagetsi (batri ndi jenereta), koyilo yoyatsira, ma spark plugs, chogawa choyatsira, switch, control unit ndi DPKV (ya BSZ).