Kodi masensa amtundu wamafuta amagwirira ntchito bwanji?

Kuti ntchito yoyenera yamafuta yamafuta igwiritse ntchito masensa ambiri. Amakulolani kuwongolera mulingo (voliyumu), kuthamanga, mtundu (kuchuluka kwa kuipitsidwa) ndi kutentha kwamafuta amafuta. Magalimoto amakono amagwiritsa ntchito masensa amagetsi komanso amagetsi (zamagetsi). Ntchito yawo yayikulu ndikulemba zolakwika zilizonse mdziko momwemo kuchokera kuzinthu zonse ndikupereka zofananira ndi zomwe zikuwonetsa pagalimoto.

Cholinga ndi chida chamagetsi chamagetsi

Masensa opanikizika amafuta ndi ena mwazofunikira kwambiri m'dongosolo. Ndi ena mwa oyamba kuchitapo kanthu chifukwa cha zovuta zazing'ono mu injini. Masensa opanikizika amatha kupezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana: pafupi ndi mutu wamiyala, pafupi ndi lamba wa nthawi, pafupi ndi pampu yamafuta, m'mabokosi mpaka pa fyuluta, ndi zina zambiri.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamainjini atha kukhala ndi masensa amodzi kapena awiri amagetsi.

Yoyamba ndi yadzidzidzi (kutsika pang'ono), komwe kumatsimikizira ngati pali zovuta m'dongosolo, ndipo ngati kulibe, imadziwika ndikutsegula nyali ya chisonyezo chosagwira pa dashboard yamagalimoto.

Chachiwiri ndikuwongolera, kapena kukakamiza kwathunthu.

Ngati "mafuta ofiira ofiira" omwe ali padashboard ya galimoto ayatsa - kupitiriza kuyendetsa galimoto sikuletsedwa! Kunyalanyaza lamulo ili kumatha kubweretsa zovuta zazikulu ngati makina akukonzanso.

Chidziwitso kwa oyendetsa galimoto. Magetsi oyang'anira padashboard ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana pazifukwa. Zizindikiro zilizonse zofiira zimaletsa kuyendetsa magalimoto ena. Zizindikiro zachikaso zikuwonetsa kuti muyenera kulumikizana ndi ntchitoyi posachedwa.

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito sensa yadzidzidzi

Uwu ndi mtundu wovomerezeka wa sensa yamagalimoto onse. Kapangidwe kake, ndikosavuta ndipo ili ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• nyumba;
• nembanemba;
• ojambula;
• wokankha.

Chojambulira chadzidzidzi ndi nyali yazizindikiro zimaphatikizidwa ndi magetsi wamba. Injini ikazima ndipo kulibe kukakamiza, zakulendazo zimakhala zowongoka, malo olumikizirana amakhala otsekedwa, ndipo pusher imabwezeretsedwa kwathunthu. Pakadali pomwe injiniyo idayambitsidwa, magetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa sensa yamagetsi, ndipo nyali yomwe ili pa dashboard imayatsa kwakanthawi mpaka pomwe mafuta omwe amafunidwa akhazikitsidwa.

Imagwira pakhungu, lomwe limasunthira pusher ndikutsegulira oyanjana ndi dera. Mphamvu ya kondomu ikatsika, chofufumitsacho chimawongolanso, ndipo dera limatseka, ndikuyatsa magetsi.

Momwe makina anzeru amagwirira ntchito

Ndi chida cha analog chomwe chimawonetsa kupsinjika kwamakono m'dongosolo pogwiritsa ntchito cholozera cholozera. Kapangidwe kake, makina opangira mawonekedwe amafuta amakhala ndi:

• nyumba;
• nembanemba (zakulera);
• wothamanga;
• kutsetsereka;
• nichrome kumulowetsa.

Kutumiza kwathunthu kumatha kukhala rheostat kapena kukakamiza. Poyamba, gawo lamagetsi limakhala rheostat. Injini ikuyenda, kuthamanga kumawonekera pamakina amtundu wamafuta, omwe amagwira ntchito pamimbayo ndipo, chifukwa chake, pusher amasintha malo oyendetsa omwe ali mundawo ndi waya wa nichrome. Izi zimabweretsa kusintha kwa kukana ndi kuyenda kwa singano ya analog.

Zomverera zamagetsi zimakhala ndi mbale ya thermobimetallic, ndipo chosinthira chake chimakhala ndi ma foni awiri: chapamwamba ndi mbale yokhala ndi choloza cholumikizidwa ndi muvi wazizindikiro, ndipo wotsikirayo. Wachiwiriyu amalumikizana ndi chojambulira cha sensa ndipo amafupikitsidwa pansi (pansi mpaka pagalimoto). Pakadali pano pakuyenda pamawonekedwe apamwamba ndi apansi osinthira, kutentha mbale yake yakumtunda ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha kwa muvi. Mbale ya bimetallic mu sensa imapundanso ndikutsegula olumikizirana mpaka itazizira. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti dera limatsekedwa kwathunthu ndikutsegulidwa. Magawo osiyanasiyana opanikizika pamakondedwe amakhudza kwenikweni pansi ndikusintha nthawi yoyambira (kuzirala kwa mbale). Zotsatira zake, phindu lina lamakono limaperekedwa ku gawo loyang'anira zamagetsi, kenako kwa cholozera cholozera, chomwe chimapangitsa kuwerengera kwapompopompo.

Chojambulira cha mafuta, kapena dipstick yamagetsi

Posachedwa, opanga makina ochulukirapo akusiya kugwiritsa ntchito dipstick yoyeserera poyang'ana kuchuluka kwamafuta amafuta m'malo mwa sensa zamagetsi.

Chojambulira cha mafuta (nthawi zina chimatchedwanso dipstick yamagetsi) chimangoyang'anira momwe ntchito imagwirira ntchito ndikutumiza kuwerengera kudashboard kwa woyendetsa. Nthawi zambiri, imapezeka pansi pa injini, pamtambo, kapena pafupi ndi fyuluta yamafuta.

Kapangidwe kake, masensa amtundu wamafuta agawika m'magulu amtunduwu:

• Mawotchi, kapena kuyandama. Amakhala ndi zimatengedwa okonzeka ndi maginito okhazikika ndi chubu ofukula zozungulira ndi lophimba bango. Mafuta akasintha, kuyandama kumayenda pachubu ndipo mulingo wocheperako ukafika, bango ladzala limatseka dera ndikupereka mphamvu yamagetsi ku nyale yolingana nayo pa dashboard.
• Kutentha. Pakatikati pa chipangizochi pali waya wosazindikira kutentha, komwe kumagwiritsa ntchito magetsi ochepa kuti awutenthe. Mukafika kutentha komwe kumayikidwa, magetsi azimitsidwa ndipo waya wazirala mpaka kutentha kwamafuta. Kutengera nthawi yochuluka bwanji, kuchuluka kwamafuta m'dongosolo kumatsimikizika ndipo chizindikiritso chofananira chimaperekedwa.
• Kutentha kwa magetsi. Mtundu woterewu ndi mtundu wamafuta. Kupanga kwake kumagwiritsanso ntchito waya womwe umasintha kukana kutengera kutentha kwa kutentha. Pamene waya wotere amizidwa mu mafuta amafuta, kulimbikira kwake kumachepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti athe kudziwa kuchuluka kwamafuta m'dongosolo ndi mtengo wamagetsi. Ngati mafuta ali otsika, sensa imatumiza chizindikiritso ku cholamulira, chomwe chimachiyerekeza ndi chidziwitso cha kutentha kwa mafuta ndikuwonetsa chizindikirocho kuti chikayatse.
• Akupanga. Ndi gwero lazinthu zopanga zomwe zimayikidwa mu poto wamafuta. Poyerekeza ndi mafutawo, mabalawo amabwezeredwa kwa wolandirayo. Nthawi yodutsa chizindikirocho kuyambira nthawi yomwe imatumizidwa kubwerera kwake imatsimikiza kuchuluka kwa mafuta.

Kodi kachipangizo ka kutentha kwamafuta kali bwanji?

Makina oyang'anira kutentha kwamafuta ndi gawo losankha la kondomu. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndiyeso kuyeza kwamafuta amafuta ndikutumiza zofananira ndi chizindikiro cha dashboard. Zotsalazo zitha kukhala zamagetsi (digito) kapena makina (switch).

Kutentha kosiyanasiyana, mafuta amasintha mawonekedwe ake, omwe amakhudza momwe injini imagwirira ntchito komanso kuwerenga kwa masensa ena. Mwachitsanzo, mafuta ozizira amakhala ndi madzi ochepa, omwe ayenera kuganiziridwa mukamapeza kuchuluka kwamafuta. Ngati mafuta a injini afika kutentha kuposa 130 ° C, amayamba kuwotcha, zomwe zitha kudzetsa kutsika kwake kwakukulu.

Kudziwa komwe kuli kutentha kwamafuta sikuli kovuta - nthawi zambiri kumayikidwa mwachindunji mu crankcase ya injini. Mu mitundu ina yamagalimoto, imaphatikizidwa ndi sensa yamafuta. Kugwira ntchito kwa sensa yotengera kutengera kugwiritsa ntchito kwa katundu wa semiconductor thermistor.

Mukatenthedwa, kukana kwake kumachepa, komwe kumasintha kukula kwa mphamvu yamagetsi, yomwe imaperekedwa ku gawo loyang'anira zamagetsi. Pofufuza zomwe zalandilidwa, ECU imatumiza zidziwitso kudashboard molingana ndi makonda omwe adakonzedweratu (coefficients).

Mawonekedwe a sensa yamafuta abwino

Chojambulira chamtundu wamafuta ndichosankhanso. Komabe, popeza zonyansa zosiyanasiyana (zoziziritsa kukhosi, zovala, ma kaboni, ndi zina zambiri) zimalowa mumafuta panthawi ya injiniyo, moyo wake weniweni umachepa, ndipo nthawi zina sizolondola kutsatira malingaliro a wopanga nthawi zosintha.

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito sensa yowunika momwe mafuta amagwirira ntchito motengera kuyeza kwa dielectric kosalekeza kwa sing'anga, komwe kumasintha kutengera kapangidwe kake. Ichi ndichifukwa chake zimayikidwa mwanjira yoti imizidwe pang'ono mumafuta. Nthawi zambiri, malowa amapezeka pakati pa fyuluta ndi silinda.

Kapangidwe kake, kachipangizo kamene kamayang'anira kayendedwe ka mafuta ndi gawo lama polima lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito zamagetsi (ma elekitirodi). Amayendetsedwa awiriawiri wina ndi mnzake, ndikupanga sensa yosiyana pagulu lililonse. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mumve zambiri zolondola. Theka la ma elekitirodi amamizidwa m'mafuta, omwe amakhala ndi ma dielectric, ndikupangitsa kuti ma mbale agwire ngati capacitor. Pa maelekitirodi osiyana, pakapangidwe kamene kamayenda mu amplifier. Yotsirizirayi, kutengera kukula kwamakono, imapereka magetsi ku ECU yamagalimoto, komwe imafaniziridwa ndi mtengo wofufuzira. Kutengera zotsatira zomwe wapeza, wowongolera atha kutumiza uthenga wokhudza mafuta otsika kudashboard.

Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino masensa amtundu wa kondomu ndikuwunika momwe mafuta akuyendera kumatsimikizira kuyendetsa bwino ndikuwonjezera moyo wa injini, koma koposa zonse, chitetezo ndi chitonthozo cha magwiridwe antchito agalimoto. Monga mbali zina, zimafunikira kuyang'aniridwa mwaluso, kuwunika momwe zingagwirire ntchito, ndikusintha koyenera pakawonongeka.