Kodi mungasankhe bwanji mapulagi m'galimoto yanu?

Kufunika kwa mapulagi

Spark plug ndi chinthu chogwiritsidwa ntchito. Kusankha kolakwika kapena kolakwika kwa gawo losavutali kungayambitse kukonzanso kwakukulu kwa injini. Komabe, ngati dalaivala wayiwala za izo, ndiye kuti kandulo idzakumbukira yokha. Kuvuta koyambira, kusakhazikika kwa injini, mphamvu yocheperako, kuchuluka kwamafuta. Inde, chifukwa cha mavuto onsewa sangakhale makandulo, koma choyamba m'pofunika kuyang'ana iwo. Pamene injini ikugwira ntchito, spark plug imawotcha. Pa katundu wochepa, pofuna kupewa mapangidwe a soti, kandulo iyenera kutenthedwa kutentha kwa osachepera 400-500 ° C. Izi zimatsimikizira kudziyeretsa kwake. Pa katundu wambiri, kutentha sikuyenera kupitirira 1000 ° C. Apo ayi, silinda ikhoza kugwira moto. Kuyatsa ndiko kuyatsa kwa chisakanizo choyaka mu silinda osati ndi spark, koma ndi ma elekitirodi owala a spark plug.

Kusankha kwamakandulo

Ngati spark plug imagwira ntchito mkati mwa kutentha komwe kwatchulidwa, ndiye kuti izi ndi "zabwinobwino" injini. Ngati spark plug sifika pa kutentha kodziyeretsa, ndi "kuzizira" kwa injiniyo. Pamene spark plug yatenthedwa pamwamba pa 1000 ° C panthawi yogwira ntchito, imatengedwa ngati "yotentha" pa injiniyo. Kodi nthawi zonse ndikofunikira kuyika ma spark plugs "zabwinobwino" pa injini? Ayi, lamuloli likhoza kunyalanyazidwa pazochitika zina. Mwachitsanzo: M’nyengo yozizira mumagwiritsa ntchito galimoto yanu maulendo aafupi. Pankhaniyi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mapulagi "otentha", omwe amapita mwachangu kumadziyeretsa. Mwa njira, pofuna kupewa mapangidwe a carbon deposits pa spark plugs, sikulimbikitsidwa kutenthetsa injini popanda ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali m'nyengo yozizira. Pambuyo pa kutentha pang'ono, ndi bwino kuyamba ndi kupitiriza kutentha ndi katundu wopepuka.

Kusankha makandulo a ntchito

Ngati galimoto nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa katundu wolemetsa (motorsport), ndizomveka kuti m'malo mwa "wamba" spark plugs ndi ozizira. Kuwotchera kodalirika ndikofunikira kwambiri pamakandulo. Chifukwa chiyani zimadalira? Makamaka ndi kukula kwa maelekitirodi ndi kukula kwa kusiyana pakati pawo. Chiphunzitsochi chimati: choyamba, chochepa kwambiri cha electrode, mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi; chachiwiri, chachikulu kusiyana, mphamvu yaikulu ya spark. Chifukwa chiyani, mu makandulo ambiri, electrode yapakati imakhala "yozama" - 2,5 mm m'mimba mwake? Chowonadi ndi chakuti maelekitirodi oonda opangidwa ndi chromium-nickel alloy "amawotcha" mwachangu ndipo kandulo yotereyo sikhala nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa chake, pachimake chapakati cha elekitirodi chimapangidwa ndi mkuwa ndikukutidwa ndi faifi tambala. Popeza mkuwa uli ndi matenthedwe apamwamba kwambiri, ma elekitirodi amawotcha pang'ono - kukokoloka kwamafuta komanso chiopsezo choyatsira chimachepetsedwa. Makandulo okhala ndi maelekitirodi angapo am'mbali amathandizira kuwonjezera pang'ono gwero.

Kusankha makandulo okhala ndi ma elekitirodi ammbali

Chimodzi mwa izo chikayatsidwa, chotsatira chimayamba kugwira ntchito. Ndizowona kuti "malo" oterewa zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupeza zosakaniza zoyaka. Makandulo a elekitirodi okutidwa ndi chitsulo chosanjikiza (platinamu, iridium) amathandizira kusintha izi. Njira imeneyi imakuthandizani kuti muchepetse kukula kwa ma elekitirodi kuti akhale 0,4-0,6 mm! Kuphatikiza apo, sikuti imagwirana ndi insulator, koma imakhala yofiira nayo. Chifukwa chake, malo olumikizirana ndi mpweya wotentha amachepetsedwa kwambiri, ma elekitirodi apakati amatenthetsa pang'ono, omwe amaletsa poyatsira kuti usawale. Kandulo yotere ndiyokwera mtengo koma imakhala nthawi yayitali. Nthawi yomweyo, gwero ndi mtengo wamakandulo zimawonjezeka kwambiri (kangapo). Kuthetheka kwa pulagi, monga aliyense amadziwa, kuyenera kukhazikitsidwa molingana ndi malingaliro a wopanga injini. Nanga bwanji ngati phompho lidzasintha?

Kusankha kwamakandulo ndi kusiyana

Zatsimikiziridwa moyesera kuti ma spark plugs "wamba" amamva zowawa pakuchepa komanso kuwonjezeka kwa kusiyana - kukula kwa spark kumachepa, ndipo mwayi woyatsa molakwika ukuwonjezeka. Chithunzi chosiyana ndi ma spark plugs okhala ndi electrode yopyapyala - samachitapo kanthu ndi kusintha kwa kusiyana, spark imakhalabe yamphamvu komanso yokhazikika. Pankhaniyi, maelekitirodi a kandulo pang'onopang'ono amawotcha, ndikuwonjezera kusiyana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pakapita nthawi, mapangidwe a spark adzawonongeka mu pulagi "yabwinobwino", ndipo sizingatheke kusintha mu "electrode woonda"! Ngati mugula spark plug yomwe ikulimbikitsidwa ndi wopanga njinga yamoto, ndiye kuti palibe mafunso. Ndipo ngati mukufuna kusankha analogi? Pali zotsatsa zambiri pamsika. Bwanji osalakwitsa? Choyamba, khalani ndi chidwi ndi chiwerengero cha matenthedwe.

Kusankha Kukhazikitsa Kandulo Yoyenera

Vuto ndiloti makampani osiyanasiyana ali ndi zilembo zosiyana. Chifukwa chake, mitundu yeniyeni yamagalimoto yomwe ma spark plugs amapangidwira nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa pamapaketi. Kenako tcherani khutu ku kutalika kwa chulucho chotenthetsera, kutalika kwa gawo lolumikizidwa, njira yosindikizira (cone kapena mphete), kukula kwa hexagon ya spark plug - magawo onsewa ayenera kugwirizana ndi deta ya "Mbadwa" kandulo. Ndipo gwero la makandulo ndi chiyani? Pafupifupi, makandulo wamba ndi okwanira 30 zikwi makilomita. Ma Spark plug okhala ndi electrode yapakati ya nickel-plated copper amatha mpaka 50 km. M'makandulo ena, mbali ya electrode imapangidwanso ndi mkuwa. Chabwino, moyo wa ma spark plugs okhala ndi ma electrode okhala ndi platinamu amatha kufika 100 km! Komabe, ziyenera kumveka kuti ziwerengerozi ndi zamikhalidwe yabwino yogwirira ntchito.

Kusankha kwamakandulo ndi moyo wautumiki

Ndipo popeza spark plug ndi chinthu chosalimba, monga kuwonongeka kwamakina chifukwa cha kugwa, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta otsika "opanda phokoso" mu petulo kumafupikitsa "moyo" wake. Nthawi zambiri - musasunge pa spark plugs, sinthani munthawi yake. Zidzakhala zothandiza nthawi zonse kukhala ndi malo osungira m'galimoto. Momwe mungadzitetezere ku makandulo abodza. Pali zotsatsa zambiri pamsika wamagalimoto a spark plug. Kupaka zowala, zitsulo zonyezimira, zotchingira zoyera-chipale chofewa, zolembedwa mu Chingerezi, mitundu yambiri - bwanji osasokonezedwa ndi woyendetsa wamba! Zizindikiro zosefa malata ndi kusankha chinthu chabwino ndi chiyani? Choyamba, musamangoganizira za ndalama. Ngati kampani ikupanga zinthu zachinyengo, musaganize kuti anthu kumeneko ndi osamala kwambiri moti angalipitse katundu wawo pansi pa mtengo woyambirira.

Kusankha kwamakandulo ndi mawonekedwe

Mapangidwe olakwika a phukusi, omwe amagwa pambuyo potsegula, zolemba zamatope, zamatope - 100% chizindikiro chabodza. Zokhotakhota, zolembedwa zowoneka bwino pa insulator ndi thupi la kandulo zidzanenanso chimodzimodzi. Sitizengereza kusiya chinthu choterocho pambali. Ngati mayesero oyamba owonetsera adutsa, timapita ku chachiwiri - kuphunzira geometry ya maelekitirodi a makandulo. Kuti muwonjezere moyo wautumiki ndikuchepetsa kutentha kwa kutentha, pangani ma elekitirodi am'mbali okhala ndi gawo lalikulu la 3 mm². Yang'anani kutalika kwa electrode yam'mbali: iyenera kuphimba kwathunthu electrode yapakati. Yang'anani makonzedwe a maelekitirodi: ayenera kukhala ndendende pamwamba pa mzake. Unikani mtundu wa soldering ma elekitirodi am'mbali - ma spark plugs onse mu kit ayenera kukhala ofanana. Sitigula chinthu cha asymmetrical, chokhotakhota ndi oblique. Kenako, timayang'ana mtundu wa insulator ya ceramic. Iyenera kukhala yonse.

Kusankhidwa kwa makandulo. Zonama

Ngati, poyang'anitsitsa, zikuwoneka kuti zakutidwa ndi magawo awiri, izi ndi zabodza. Yang'anani pa insulator mu kuwala konyezimira. Kuti atetezedwe ku kuipitsidwa, amakutidwa ndi glaze yapadera, yomwe imakhala yofanana poyerekezera ndi mankhwala odziwika. Ngati muwona kuti pali mawanga a matte, ndiye kuti kandulo ndi yabodza. Makampani otchuka oteteza dzimbiri amavala matupi a spark plug ndi wosanjikiza wa faifi tambala. Kupaka kwa zinc kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zabodza zotsika mtengo. Nickel - yonyezimira, zinki - matte. Osindikiza osindikiza omwe amagwa akagwedeza kandulo, nsonga zokhotakhota ndi chizindikiro chotsimikizika chabodza. Tikamaliza ndi kuyesa kowoneka bwino, timapita ku chida chothandizira. Zomwe timafunikira ndi seti yamagetsi ndi ohmmeter. Mothandizidwa ndi kafukufuku, ndithudi, timayesa mipata pakati pa ma electrode - pambuyo pake, mapulagi onse a spark mu kit ayenera kukhala ofanana.

Kusankhidwa kwa makandulo. Ommeter

Ngati mupeza kufalikira kopitilira 0,1 mm, ndibwino kuti musasokoneze ndi zinthu zotere. Pogwiritsa ntchito ohmmeter, yang'anani kukana kwa ma spark plugs mu kit. Ndi choletsa kupondereza phokoso, mtundu wovomerezeka ndi 10 mpaka 15%. Chabwino, cheke chomaliza chili pagalimoto, popeza pulagi ya spark imachotsedwa. Yambitsani injini. Ngati kandulo ndi yabwino, kuwala kwake kuyenera kukhala koyera kapena bluish, pasakhale ndime. Ngati kuwalako kuli kofiira kapena pali mipata mu spark, tikuchita ndi ukwati womasuka. Malangizo osavuta awa sangapereke chitsimikizo cha 100% pogula zinthu zotsika mtengo, koma adzakutetezani ku zabodza zodziwikiratu.

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi mungasankhire bwanji spark plug yoyenera pagalimoto yanu? Choyamba, muyenera kuyang'ana pa kusiyana kwa electrode - kuyenera kukhala mkati mwa malire omwe akulimbikitsidwa ndi wopanga galimoto. Ndikosavuta kuti phokoso lipange pakati pa maelekitirodi oonda.

Kodi mapulagi abwino kwambiri ndi ati? Makandulo ochokera kwa opanga otere ndi otchuka: NGK, BERU, Denzo, Brisk, Bosch. Zogulitsa zawo zimaphatikizapo zosankha zapamwamba komanso zotsika mtengo zamagalimoto wamba.

Kodi mumadziwa bwanji makandulo oti muyike? M'pofunika kudalira njira zotsatirazi: miyeso ndi miyeso ya ulusi, mtundu wa thupi, kutentha mlingo, spark kusiyana, matenthedwe ntchito, chiwerengero cha maelekitirodi, electrode chuma.

Ndi makandulo amtundu wanji omwe amaikidwa pa injini? Choyamba, muyenera kudalira malangizo a wopanga. Njira yokwera mtengo kwambiri si yabwino nthawi zonse. Mtundu wa pulagi umadalira mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito.