Momwe mungasankhire zisindikizo zamafuta pagalimoto

Ma unit onse agalimoto amalumikizidwa. Chifukwa cha ichi, galimotoyi ndi njira imodzi yomwe gawo lililonse lofunikira ndilofunika. Limodzi mwamavuto oyamba omwe opanga mapulogalamu oyamba a ICE adakumana nawo ndi momwe angachepetsere kutayikira kwamafuta m'malo omwe shaft imatuluka mnyumbamo.

Tiyeni tiwone bwinobwino chinthu chimodzi chaching'ono chomwe palibe galimoto yomwe ingachite popanda. Ichi ndi chidindo cha mafuta. Ndi chiyani, chodabwitsa chake ndi chiyani, ndi liti pamene liyenera kusinthidwa, ndi momwe tingachitire ntchitoyi pogwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo za zisindikizo za mafuta a crankshaft?

Kodi zisindikizo za mafuta ndi chiyani?

Bokosi loyikapo ndi chinthu chosindikiza chomwe chimayikidwa pamphambano ya njira zosiyanasiyana zokhala ndi ma shaft ozungulira. Komanso, gawo lofananalo lidayikidwa pazinthu zomwe zimayendetsa bwino kuti zisawonongeke kutuluka kwamafuta pakati pazinthu zosunthika ndi nyumba ya makinawo.

Mosasamala kapangidwe ndi cholinga chake, chipangizochi chimakhala ngati mphete yokhala ndi kasupe wopanikizika. Gawolo likhoza kukhala losiyanasiyana, komanso lopangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ndi chida

Bokosi lokuzungulirani lili mkati mwa thupi momwe chopunthira cha makinawo chimadutsira. Pali chosindikiza mkati mwa nyumbayo. Imakhala mbali zonse za shaft, yomwe idzatuluke m'thupi limodzi, mwachitsanzo, mota kapena bokosi lamagetsi. Kukula kwa mankhwalawa kuyenera kukhala kotere kuti, panthawi yokanikiza, chisindikizo chake chimakanikizidwa mwamphamvu ndi chitseko kuchokera mkati, komanso kuchokera kunja - mpaka gawo lokhazikika la makinawo.

Kuphatikiza pa ntchito yake yosindikiza kuti mafuta asatuluke, chidindo cha mafuta chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chidindo cha fumbi chomwe chimatseka dothi ndikulepheretsa kuti chisalowe.

Kuti gawo likhalebe logwira ntchito munthawi zosiyanasiyana, liyenera kukhala ndi izi:

• Chifukwa cha kunjenjemera komwe kumachitika pakugwira ntchito kwa chidacho, chisindikizo chiyenera kukhala chotanuka, chomwe chimachepetsa kuvala kwa zinthu zonse komanso gawo logwirira ntchito.
• Bokosi lokwikirako liyenera kuteteza kuti mafuta asatuluke mu chipangizocho, chifukwa chake chimakhudzana ndi zinthu zamagetsi. Pachifukwa ichi, zinthu siziyenera kuwonongeka chifukwa cha mafuta.
• Kukhudzana kosalekeza ndi magawo osunthira komanso ozungulira kumatha kupangitsa kuti chisindikizo cholumikizana chitenthe kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, ndikofunikira kuti zinthu za mchitidwewu zizikhala ndi mawonekedwe ake, kuzizira (mwachitsanzo, m'nyengo yozizira galimoto imayimilira pamalo oimikapo magalimoto), komanso pakuyendetsa nthawi yayitali nthawi yotentha.

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti?

Chiwerengero ndi kapangidwe ka zisindikizo zamafuta zimadalira mtundu wamagalimoto ndi mawonekedwe ake. M'galimoto iliyonse yomwe ili ndi injini yoyaka mkati, zisindikizo ziwiri zidzakhalapo. Amayikidwa mbali zonse ziwiri za crankshaft.

Kuphatikiza pa gawo ili, magawo amgalimoto otsatirawa amafunika zisindikizo:

• Tsinde la valavu wamagwiridwe amagetsi (amatchedwanso tsinde la valavu kapena chovala cha valve);
• Camshaft nthawi;
• Mpope mafuta;
• Kutsogolo kwa gudumu loyendetsa galimoto;
• Chiongolero;
• Kumbuyo chitsulo chogwira matayala reducer;
• Kusiyanitsa;
• Kumbuyo chitsulo chogwira matayala kutsinde;
• Zida bokosi.

Zida zotani ndizopanga mafuta

Popeza kulumikizana kwa malonda ndi makinawo kumatha kukhala kotentha kwambiri, glandyo iyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zosagwira kutentha. Komanso, kutentha kwanyengo kumawonjezera chifukwa chakuti pakuzungulira kwa shaft, m'mphepete mwa gawolo kumakhala mikangano nthawi zonse. Ngati wopanga amagwiritsa ntchito mphira wamba kapena zinthu zina zomwe sizingapirire kutentha kwambiri kuti apange izi, kuwonongedwa kwachangu kwa bokosi lolowetsa kumatsimikizika.

Zisindikizo za crankshaft ndi camshaft ziyenera kukhala ndi katundu wotere, popeza pomwe injini ikuyenda, ziwalozi zimangokhala ndi matenthedwe ndipo zimakangana.

Zomwezo zitha kunenedwa pazisindikizo za likulu. Ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zabwino kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pa kukana kukangana ndi katundu wambiri, magawo awa ayenera kukhala ndi thupi labwino kwambiri komanso lolimba, ndipo gawo lalikulu liyenera kulimbikitsidwa. Payenera kukhala chowonjezera chotanuka m'mphepete kuti muchepetse dothi kuti lisalowe. Kupanda kutero, moyo wogwira ntchito m'bokosi lodzaza udzachepetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo makina omwewo sangathenso kugwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali.

Zida zotsatirazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opanga magawo awa:

• NBR - labala yochokera ku mphira wa butadiene. Zomwe zimasungidwazo zimasunga mawonekedwe ake pamitundu ingapo yozizira: kuyambira madigiri 40 pansi pa zero mpaka madigiri +120. Zisindikizo zamafuta zopangidwa ndi mphira wotere zimagonjetsedwa ndi mafuta ambiri, komanso sizimawonongeka mafuta akafika pamwamba pake.
• ACM - mphira wokhala ndi mawonekedwe a acrylate. Zinthuzo ndi za gulu lazinthu zogulira bajeti, koma zokhala ndi zinthu zabwino zoyenera kupanga zinthu zoterezi. Magalimoto a acrylate chisindikizo cha mafuta a raba amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamatenthedwe otsatirawa: kuyambira -50 mpaka + 150 madigiri. Zisindikizo za Hub zimapangidwa ndi izi.
• VMQ, VWQ etc. - silikoni. Vuto limabuka chifukwa cha izi - chifukwa chokhudzana ndi mitundu ina yamafuta amchere, kuwonongeka kwazinthuzo kumatha kuchitika.
• FPM (fluororubber) kapena FKM (fluoroplast) - zofala kwambiri masiku ano. Simalowerera ndale chifukwa cha madzi amadzimadzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mgalimoto. Zisindikizo zoterezi zimapirira kutenthetsa bwino pakati pa -40 mpaka +180 madigiri. Komanso, zinthuzo zimatsutsana ndi kupsinjika kwamakina. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zisindikizo pamisonkhano yamagetsi yamagetsi.
• PTFE - teflon. Lero, izi zimawerengedwa kuti ndi zabwino pakupanga zisindikizo pazinthu zamagalimoto. Ili ndi koyefishienti yotsika kwambiri yamikangano, ndipo kutentha kumasiyana pakati -40 mpaka +220 madigiri Celsius. Palibe madzi amadzimadzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina omwe angawononge chidindo cha mafuta. Zowona, mtengo wamagawo otere ndiwokwera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi ma analogues ena, ndipo panthawi yokonza ndikofunikira kutsatira mosamalitsa malingaliro a wopanga kuti asinthe. Mwachitsanzo, musanatseke chisindikizo, amafunika kupukuta shaft ndi malo olumikizirana ndi tsambalo. Gawolo limabwera ndi mphete yokwera, yomwe imachotsedwa mukakanikiza.

Momwe mungasankhire zisindikizo zamafuta pagalimoto

Ubwino wosintha kwambiri pazisindikizo zamafuta ndizotsika mtengo. Zowona, pamene mbuye achita ntchito yobwezeretsa chidindo, mtengo wa njira zotere umakhala wokwera mtengo kangapo kuposa mtengo wagawo lomwelo.

Kuphatikiza pa mtengo wazinthu, zinthu zingapo zimakhudza kusankha:

• Pazinthu zomwe malonda adzagwiritsidwe ntchito. Zotupitsa zomwe zimadzaza kwambiri zimapilira kutentha kwapafupipafupi madigiri 100, kumakhala ndi coefficient yocheperako, komanso kulimbana ndi madzi amisili olimbikira.
• Gawolo liyenera kukhala lachindunji pa chilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, ngati chinthu chakale chidagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhala ndi zoletsa kuwuma, ndiye kuti chidindo chatsopano chimayenera kupangidwa kuti chilumikizane ndi chinthucho.
• Osagwiritsa ntchito ma analogs omwe cholinga chake ndi kukhazikitsa pazinthu zina. Ndikofunika kugula chidindo cha mafuta pamachitidwe amtundu wina wamagalimoto. Ngati simungapeze choyambirira, ndiye kuti mutha kutenga analogue kuchokera kwa wopanga wina. Izi zimathetsa zolakwika chifukwa chokhazikitsa zisindikizo zosayenera.
• Mtundu. Oyendetsa magalimoto ena molakwika amakhulupirira kuti mawu oti "choyambirira" nthawi zonse amatanthauza kuti gawolo limapangidwa ndi wopanga galimotoyo. Koma nthawi zambiri, izi sizili choncho. Chowonadi ndichakuti nkhawa zambiri zamagalimoto mwina zimakhala ndi magawanidwe osiyana okhala ndi mbiri yopapatiza, kapena amagwiritsa ntchito makampani achipani chachitatu, koma amalemba zolemba zawo pagulu lolamulidwa. Pamsika wamagalimoto, mutha kupeza magawo omwe sali otsika kuposa choyambirira pamtengo, ndipo nthawi zina amakhala abwinoko. Mbali inayi, ena amakayikira ngati kuli koyenera kulipira mtundu ngati pali mwayi wogula mtengo wotsika mtengo. Mwachidule, pali chifukwa chogulira koteroko, popeza makampani omwe amadzipangira okha amayesetsa kukweza zinthu zawo, ndipo izi zimabweretsa kukwera mtengo kwa malonda.

Zoyang'ana posankha

Kuphatikiza pa izi, akagula zisindikizo zatsopano zamafuta, woyendetsa galimoto ayenera kulabadira izi:

1. Ngati analogue yagula m'malo mwachiyambi, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti kapangidwe kake kamagwirizana ndi gawo lakale;
2. Kutalika kwa England kumeneku kumatha kukhala kocheperako poyerekeza ndi chinthu chakale, koma osafutukula, chifukwa izi zipangitsa kuti kukhale kovuta kukhazikitsa gasket yatsopano. Ponena za kukula kwa dzenje lomwe kutsinde limadutsa, liyenera kukhala lokwanira kukula kwa cholozera;
3. Kodi pali nsapato pa gawo latsopanolo - ulusi womwe umalepheretsa fumbi ndi dothi kuti zilowe munjira. Nthawi zambiri gawo ili limakhala ndi zinthu ziwiri. Yoyamba ndi buti lenilenilo, ndipo yachiwiri ndi yopukusa mafuta;
4. Ngati gawo lomwe silinali loyambirira lagulidwa, ndiye kuti zokonda ziyenera kupatsidwa mtundu wodziwika bwino, osangokhalira kugula zotsika mtengo kwambiri;
5. Pa magalimoto opangidwa kunyumba, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zofananira zopangidwira magalimoto akunja. Chotsutsana ndi chosavomerezeka, ngakhale posachedwapa mtundu wa magawo ena azopanga zapakhomo wakula bwino;
6. Chingwe chitha kupangidwa mkati mwa gland. Motsogozedwa ndi chinthuchi, magawo onse agawika m'magulu atatu: kumanzere, dzanja lamanja ndi chilengedwe chonse (chokhoza kuchotsa mafuta, ngakhale atayang'ana kutsinde).
7. Posankha gawo latsopano, muyenera kumvetsetsa kukula kwake. Kuti mufulumizitse kusaka ndikuchotsa kuthekera kogula chisindikizo chosayenera cha mafuta, muyenera kulabadira kuyika kwake. Ambiri opanga amaika izi pathupi: h - kutalika kapena makulidwe, D - m'mimba mwake kunja, d - mkati mwake.

Otsogolera opanga

Chogulitsa choyambirira chimatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi chinyengo mwa kupezeka kwa dzina la wopanga makina omwe akufuna kusintha. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti si makampani onse omwe amapanga okha zinthu zomwe zitha kusintha. Makampani ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ntchito zamakampani ena, chifukwa chake "choyambirira" sichikhala njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri, ndipo analogue yowerengera ndalama imatha kufanana ndi gawo lomwe limagulitsidwa ndi dzina la wopanga.

Nawa makampani otchuka omwe sagulitsa zisindikizo zamafuta zoyenera zokha, komanso zinthu zina:

• Mwa opanga aku Germany opanga zida zamagalimoto ndi zida zokonzera, zotsatirazi ndi izi: AE, zopangidwa ndi VAG, Elring, Goetze, Corteco, SM ndi Victor Reinz;
• Ku France, Payen akuchita nawo kupanga zisindikizo zabwino;
• Mwa opanga aku Italiya, zinthu monga Emmetec, Glaser ndi MSG ndizodziwika;
• Ku Japan, zisindikizo zabwino zamafuta zimapangidwa ndi NOK ndi Koyo;
• KOS kampani yaku South Korea;
• Sweden - SRF;
• Ku Taiwan - NAK ndi TCS.

Makampani ambiri omwe atchulidwawa ndi omwe amapereka ndalama m'malo mwa magalimoto. Mitundu yambiri yotsogola imagwiritsa ntchito zopangidwa ndi ena mwa makampaniwa, zomwe zikuwonetseratu kudalirika kwa zida zopumira zomwe zimagulitsidwa pamsika.

Momwe mungasinthire zisindikizo zama crankshaft zamafuta

Chinthu choyamba chomwe muyenera kumvetsera musanasankhe chidindo cha mafuta chatsopano ndi kuvala komwe kumatha kupezeka pagawo lakale. Kuvala uku kuyenera kuganiziridwanso posankha analog. Ngati chidacho sichikugwirizana ndi tsinde, gawolo silingagwire ntchito yake, ndipo madzi amisili adzatulukabe.

Ngati pakati pazogulitsa sizingatheke kugula analogue yokonza (yomwe ndiyosowa kwambiri, kupatula kuti mutha kusaka pakati pazosankha zamagalimoto ena), mutha kugula chidindo cha mafuta, ingoyiyikani kuti m'mphepete musagwere m'malo ovala. Zimbalangondo zikatha mwa makinawo, koma sizingasinthidwe, ndiye kuti chidindo cha mafuta chatsopano mkati chimayenera kukhala ndi notches zapadera zonyamula mafuta.

Musanasinthe chidindo kukhala chatsopano, kusanthula pang'ono kuyenera kuchitidwa: pazifukwa ziti gawo lakale ndilopanda dongosolo. Izi zitha kukhala zowonongeka mwachilengedwe, koma nthawi zina chidindo cha mafuta chimayamba kutayikira mafuta chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa makinawo. Kachiwiri, kukhazikitsa chidindo chatsopano cha mafuta sikungapulumutse tsikulo.

Chitsanzo cha vutoli ndi kuwonongeka komwe kumapangitsa kuti shaft iziyenda momasuka. Poterepa, munthu sangakhale wokhutira ndi kungosintha chidindo. Pamafunika kaye kukonza unit, ndiyeno kusintha consumable, apo ayi ngakhale chinthu chatsopano akadali pochitika madzimadzi.

Ponena za momwe mungasinthire zisindikizo za mafuta, ndiye choyamba muyenera kuchita ntchito yokonzekera. Choyamba, sankhani batiri. Kuti mudziwe zambiri za momwe mungachitire izi molondola, werengani osiyana review... Kachiwiri, tiyenera kukhetsa mafuta pagalimoto. Kuti muchite izi, tenthetsani injiniyo, tulutsani phula, ndikukankhira mafuta mu chidebe chokonzekera.

Kusintha zisindikizo zamafuta zakutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kuli ndi zake, chifukwa chake tizilingalira njirazi mosiyana.

Kuchotsa chisindikizo chakutsogolo cha mafuta

Kuti mufike pachisindikizo chakutsogolo, muyenera kuchita ntchito yotsitsa:

• Chivundikiro chimachotsedwa pa lamba woyendetsa (kapena unyolo) kuteteza zinthu zakunja kuti zisalowe munthawi;
• Lamba kapena unyolo wa nthawi umachotsedwa (zina mwazinthu zopanda nzeru zakuchotsera ndikuyika lamba wa nthawi zafotokozedwa apa).
• Pulley yolumikizidwa ndi crankshaft imadulidwa;
• Chidindo chakale cha mafuta chadindidwa, ndipo chatsopano chimayikidwa;
• Kapangidwe kamene kamasonkhanitsidwa mosasinthasintha. Chokhacho ndichakuti kuti injini igwire bwino ntchito, pamafunika kukhazikitsa bwino zilembo zamagalimoto omwe amagawa. Ma injini ena amalephera nthawi ya valve zitha kuwononga ma valve. Ngati mulibe chidziwitso pakuchita izi, ndibwino kuti muzipereka kwa mbuye wanu.

Mukamayika chisindikizo chatsopano chamtsogolo, pali ma nuances angapo oti muganizire:

1. Mpando uyenera kukhala woyela bwino. Kupezeka kwa ma particles akunja sikuloledwa, chifukwa kumathandizira kuti zovala ziziwonjezeka.
2. Mafuta ang'onoang'ono ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa shaft (pampando wokhala). Izi zidzathandizira kukhazikitsa pamtengo, kupewa kuphulika kwa gawolo, ndipo chidindo cha mafuta sichingakulunge (zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito posintha zisindikizo zina zamafuta).
3. Chidindo cha thupi chimayenera kuthandizidwa ndi chisindikizo chapadera chosagwira kutentha.

Kuchotsa chidindo chamafuta cham'mbuyo cham'mbuyo

Ponena za kuchotsa chisindikizo chakumbuyo, ndiye kuti pakadali pano kuyenera kuyika galimoto pamalo owolokera kapena kupita nawo kudzenje loyendera. Iyi ndiye njira yotetezeka kwambiri yogwirira ntchito. Zosankha zina zonse (jack kapena ma prop) sizabwino.

Nayi njira yomwe ntchitoyi imagwiridwira:

• Choyamba muyenera kuchotsa gearbox;
• Dengu zowalamulira zachotsedwa pa flywheel (nthawi yomweyo, mutha kuwona momwe chipangizochi chilili);
• Chombocho chimachotsedwa;
• Chisindikizo chakale chimachotsedwa, ndipo chimayika chatsopano m'malo mwake;
• Fluwheel, clutch ndi gearbox imayikidwanso kumbuyo.

Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti mtundu uliwonse wamagalimoto uli ndi chida chake cha injini, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti njira yothetsera ndikukhazikitsa zisindikizo zamafuta izikhala yosiyana. Musanayambe kusokoneza makinawo, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti palibe gawo limodzi lomwe lawonongeka, komanso kuti makonda ake sanatayike.

Chofunikira kwambiri pakusintha zisindikizo ndikupewa kupindika m'mbali mwawo. Pachifukwa ichi, mafuta osindikizira amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Miyeso kukula

Ambiri opanga ziwalo zamagalimoto amapanga zisindikizo zamafuta zofananira zamaayunitsi ndi njira zamagalimoto osiyanasiyana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti crankshaft mafuta chisindikizo cha VAZ 2101, mosasamala kanthu za wopanga, adzakhala ndi miyeso yofanana. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi mitundu ina yamagalimoto.

Kugwiritsa ntchito miyezo yopanga magalimoto kumakupangitsani kukhala kosavuta kupeza gawo lomwe mukufuna. Nthawi yomweyo, woyendetsa galimoto amakhalabe kuti adziwe malo omwe amasankhira gawo lina, kuti asankhe zinthu zabwino kwambiri, komanso kuti asankhe mtundu.

Masitolo ambiri zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupeza gawo latsopano. Ma tebulo amapangidwa m'makalata ochezera a pa intaneti pomwe ndikokwanira kulowa dzina la makina: kapangidwe kake ndi mtundu wake, komanso gawo lomwe mukufuna kusankha chidindo cha mafuta. Kutengera zotsatira za pempholi, wogula atha kupatsidwa gawo loyambirira kuchokera kwa wopanga (kapena wogulitsa wake) kapena mtundu wina, koma mtundu wina.

Poyamba, kusindikiza zidindo m'galimoto kungaoneke ngati njira yosavuta. M'malo mwake, pazochitika zilizonse, njirayi imakhala ndi zinsinsi zambiri, chifukwa nthawi zina, makinawo akayamba kukonzedwa, amayamba kugwira ntchito moipa kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, njira zovuta izi zimachitika bwino m'malo ogulitsira magalimoto, makamaka ngati ndi galimoto yakunja ya mibadwo yatsopano.

Pomaliza, tikupereka kanema mwatsatanetsatane zakusiyana pakati pa zisindikizo zamafuta zakunja:

ALIYENSE OTHANDIZA AZIYENERA Kudziwa izi ZONSE ZA ZISINDIKIZO ZA MAFUTA

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi chosindikizira mafuta a injini ndi chiyani? Ndi chinthu chosindikizira mphira chomwe chimapangidwa kuti chisindikize kusiyana pakati pa nyumba yamagalimoto ndi shaft yozungulira. Chisindikizo chamafuta a injini chimalepheretsa kutayikira kwa mafuta a injini.

Kodi chosindikizira mafuta mgalimoto chili kuti? Kuphatikiza pa injini (pali ziwiri - mbali zonse za crankshaft), zisindikizo zamafuta zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulikonse komwe kuli kofunikira kuti tipewe kutulutsa mafuta pakati pa thupi ndi magawo osuntha a makinawo.