Momwe mungakhalire amplifier mgalimoto

Zokuzira galimoto

Kwa madalaivala ambiri, kumveka mokweza komanso kwamphamvu kwambiri ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pagalimoto zotonthoza. Nthawi zambiri ziziyenda kumene novice kugula chojambulira matepi chatsopano, akhumudwitsidwa ndi mphamvu zake, ngakhale kuti zolembedwazo zikuwonetsa olankhula akuphulika. Anthu ena amayesa kuthetsa vutoli pogula masipika olimba kwambiri, koma voliyumu imatsika kwambiri.

M'malo mwake, chifukwa chake ndikuti mphamvu yotulutsa mutu wa mutu sikokwanira kupangitsa oyankhula mgalimoto kumveka mokweza. Kuti athane ndi vutoli, cholumikizira chimalumikizidwa ndi pulogalamu yomvera. Tiyeni tiwone momwe zimagwirira ntchito, zomwe zili, komanso momwe mungalumikizire molondola.

Zolemba zamakono

Kuphatikiza pa kusiyana kwamitengo, zokuzira zamagalimoto zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana m'magawo ambiri. Izi ndiye njira zazikulu zosankhira zokulitsa zamagalimoto.

Mwa kuchuluka kwa njira:

• 1-njira. Ichi ndi monoblock, mtundu wosavuta kwambiri wokulitsira. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza subwoofer. Pali mitundu iwiri ya monoblocks. Yoyamba ndi AB. Uku ndikusintha kwamphamvu yamagetsi komwe kumaphatikizidwa ndi single-ohm subwoofer. Ubwino wamtunduwu ndikuti mawuwo ndiamphamvu mokwanira, koma nthawi yomweyo moyo wama batri umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mtundu wachiwiri ndi kalasi D. Ikhoza kugwira ntchito kale ndi ma amplifiers kuyambira one to four ohms.
• 2-njira. Kusinthaku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza mtundu umodzi wokhawo subwoofer (umathandizira katundu wopitilira ma ohms awiri) kapena oyankhula awiri mwamphamvu. Zokulitsa Izi zimathandiza kuti bwino kuwonjezera mafurikwense otsika.
• 3-njira. Kusinthaku ndikosowa. M'malo mwake, iyi ndi njira ziwiri zokulitsira, mtundu uwu wokha umakulolani kulumikizana ndi mono imodzi ndi ma stereo awiri.
• 4-njira. Zofala kwambiri pochita. M'malo mwake, awa ndi ma amplifiers awiri amnjira, olumikizidwa thupi limodzi. Cholinga chachikulu cha kusinthaku ndikusintha mulingo wamagetsi kutsogolo komanso mosiyana ndi oyankhula kumbuyo. Mphamvu ya ma amplifiers otere ndi mpaka 100W pa kanjira kalikonse. Mwiniwake wamagalimoto amatha kulumikiza oyankhula 4 kapena, pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya mlatho, ma subwoofers awiri.
• 5-njira. Monga momwe lingaliro limanenera, kusinthaku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza oyankhula anayi amphamvu ndi subwoofer imodzi (kudzera pa mono channel).
• 6-njira. Ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa anzawo chifukwa cha mitundu ingapo yamagwiritsidwe olumikizirana ndi zomvera. Ena amalumikiza okamba 6. Ena - oyankhula 4 ndi subwoofer yolumikizidwa. Wina amafunikira chowonjezera ichi kuti agwirizane ndi ma subwoofers atatu (atalumikizidwa).

Mwa kuyendetsa bwino ndi kusokoneza kwa mawu amawu:

• Kalasi. Ili ndi kupindika pang'ono kwa mawu amawu komanso imatulutsa mawu abwino kwambiri. Makamaka, mitundu yama amplifier yamtengo wapatali imagwirizana ndi kalasi iyi. Chokhacho chokha ndichakuti ali ndi magwiridwe antchito otsika (opitilira 25 peresenti), komanso amataya mphamvu zamagetsi. Chifukwa cha zovuta izi komanso kukwera mtengo, kalasi iyi sikupezeka pamsika.
• B -kalasi. Ponena za kusokoneza, ndikotsika pang'ono, koma mphamvu ya ma amplifaya otere ndiyabwino kwambiri. Ndi okonda nyimbo ochepa omwe amasankha ma amplifaya otere chifukwa chosamveka bwino.
• Kalasi ya AV. Amapezeka m'mawu omvera nthawi zambiri, popeza ma amplifier amenewa amakhala ndi mawu omveka bwino, mphamvu yokwanira yama siginolo, kupotoza pang'ono, ndipo magwiridwe antchito ake ali pamlingo wa 50%. Kawirikawiri amagulidwa kuti agwirizane ndi subwoofer, yomwe mphamvu yake ndi 600W. Musanagule, nkofunika kuganizira kuti kusinthidwa koteroko kumakhala ndi kukula kwakukulu.
• D-kalasi. Amps awa amagwira ntchito ndi ma digito. Chizindikiro chawo ndi kukula kwake kokwanira komanso mphamvu yayikulu. Nthawi yomweyo, mulingo wopotoza ma siginolo ndiwotsika, koma mawonekedwe amawu amavutika. Kuchita bwino kwambiri pazosinthazi ndi 98%.

Nazi zina zina zomwe muyenera kuganizira mukamasankha amplifier yatsopano:

1. Mphamvu. Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito chipangizocho atha kuwonetsa mphamvu yayitali kapena yayikulu komanso mphamvu mwadzina. Poyamba, izi sizikhudza mtundu uliwonse wamawu. Komabe, kutsindika kuli pa gawo ili kuti akope ogula ambiri. Kulibwino kuganizira mphamvu zowerengedwa.
2. Chizindikiro cha Phokoso Ratio (S / N Ratio). Amplifier imapanga phokoso linalake lakumbuyo panthawi yogwira ntchito. Chizindikiro ichi chikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa chizindikiro chomwe chimatulutsanso chimakhala champhamvu kuposa phokoso lakumbuyo kwa amplifier. Ma amplifiers amtundu wa Class D ali ndi chiwonetsero cha 60 mpaka 80 dB. Kalasi AB imadziwika ndi mulingo wa 90-100. Chiwerengero choyenera ndi 110dB.
3. THD (Chisokonezo cha Harmonic). Uwu ndiye mulingo wopotoza womwe mkuzamawu umapanga. Chizindikiro ichi chimakhudza mawu omvera. Kutalika kwa chiŵerengero, kumachepetsa mawu. Malire a gawo ili lama amplifiers mkalasi D ndi gawo limodzi. Mitundu ya Class AB ili ndi chiŵerengero chochepera pa 0.1%
4. Damping Factor. Damping Factor ndi coefficient yomwe imawonetsa kulumikizana pakati pa amp ndi okamba. Pakugwira ntchito, oyankhula amatulutsa kunjenjemera, komwe kumakhudza kuyera kwa mawu. Amplifier imathandizira kuwonongeka kwa oscillations awa. Kukwera kwake, kumveka momveka bwino. Kwa ma amplifiers a bajeti, coefficient kuyambira 200 mpaka 300 ndichikhalidwe, anthu apakatikati amakhala ndi coefficient pamwamba pa 500, ndipo mitundu yoyambira - yopitilira 1000. Ma amplifiers ena okwera mtengo amaloleza izi mpaka 4000.
5. Kulowetsa Mlingo Wapamwamba Ichi ndi gawo lowonjezera lomwe limakupatsani mwayi wolumikizana ndi mawailesi omwe alibe ma line-out. Kugwiritsira ntchito izi kumawonjezera kupotoza, komanso kumakupatsani mwayi wolumikizana pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zoyankhulira m'malo mwamalumikizidwe okwera mtengo kwambiri.
6. Fyuluta yotsika pang'ono (LPF). Fyuluta iyi iyenera kukonzedwa ndi amplifier komwe subwoofer imagwirizanitsidwa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti imatha kupatsira chizindikiritso pafupipafupi kuposa pa cutoff. Mtengo wake uyenera kukhala 80-150Hz. Fyuluta iyi imakupatsani mwayi wowongolera mabasi kwa wokamba woyenera (subwoofer).
7. Fyuluta yamtundu wapamwamba (HPF). Oyankhula kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo amalumikizidwa ndi zokulitsira izi. Fyuluta iyi imangodutsa chizindikirocho ndimafupipafupi kuposa cutoff. Chizindikiro ichi mu acoustics ndi subwoofer chikuyenera kukhala kuyambira 80 mpaka 150Hz, komanso mu analogue okha ndi oyankhula - kuyambira 50 mpaka 60Hz. Fyuluta iyi imateteza oyankhula pafupipafupi kuti asawonongeke ndi makina otsika kwambiri - sapita kwa iwo.
8. Bridge Mode imagwira ntchito. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muwonjezere kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mphamvu amp amp polumikiza njira ziwiri kukhala imodzi. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakamba okhala ndi subwoofer. Pankhaniyi, m'pofunika kuganizira chizindikiro cha kukana katundu. Poyerekeza ndi katundu munjirayi, pulogalamuyi ndiyokwera kwambiri ndi kulumikizana kwamilatho, chifukwa chake, musanalumikizane ndi zida, m'pofunika kuganizira kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa zokulitsira ndi subwoofer.

Chifukwa chiyani mukufunikira chopukusira

Dzina la chipangizocho limadzilankhulira lokha. Komabe, sizimangopangitsa kuti mawu anu azikweza kwambiri. Zimakupatsani mwayi wofalitsa chizindikirocho ndi mtundu wabwino, kuti mukamasewera pachipangizochi, mutha kumva kusiyana pakapangidwe kabwino kofananira.

Kwa okonda nyimbo za bass, subwoofer imatha kulumikizidwa ndi chipangizocho. Ndipo ngati muthanso kulumikiza crossover ndi ma audio, mutha kusangalala ndi phokoso nthawi zonse osatentha oyankhula amagetsi osiyanasiyana. Ma capacitor owonjezera pamagetsi azamagetsi sangalole kuti mabasi "amire" panthawi yayitali panjira ina.

Zonsezi ndizofunikira pakufalitsa mawu apamwamba kwambiri. Koma sizigwira ntchito bwino ngati simukuwapatsa siginecha yamphamvu. Ntchito iyi yokha imagwiridwa ndi auto amplifier.

Momwe mkuzamawu umagwirira ntchito

Ma amplifiers onse agalimoto ali ndi zinthu zitatu.

1. Kulowetsa. Chizindikiro chomvera chojambulira tepi chimadyetsedwa. Mkuzamawu aliyense okha osati mphamvu linanena bungwe, komanso mphamvu ya mbendera athandizira. Ngati ndiyokwera kuposa kukhudzika kwa mfundo zolowera, ndiye kuti nyimbozo zimasokonekera poyankhula. Chifukwa chake, posankha chida, ndikofunikira kuti muwone kulumikizana kwa zizindikiritso zomwe zimatulutsidwa kuchokera pawailesi komanso polumikizira kwa zokulitsira - kaya zili chimodzimodzi.
2. Magetsi. Chipangizochi chimakhala ndi chosinthira kuti chiwonjezere mphamvu zomwe zimaperekedwa kuchokera ku batri. Popeza chizindikirocho chimasinthasintha, mphamvu yama speaker speaker iyeneranso kukhala yabwino komanso yoyipa. Kukula kwakukulu pakati pazizindikirozi, ndipamene mphamvu yama amplifier idzakhalira. Nachi chitsanzo. Ngati magetsi akupereka 50V (+ 25V ndi -25V), ndiye mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma speaker omwe ali ndi 4 Ohm, mphamvu yayikulu yama amplifier idzakhala 625 W (lalikulu la 2500 V yamagetsi imagawidwa ndi kukana kwa 4 Ohm). Izi zikutanthauza kuti kusiyana kwakukulu pamagetsi amagetsi, ndikowonjezera kwamphamvu kwambiri.
3. Kutulutsa. Mundawu, mawu amawu osinthidwa amapangidwa ndikudyetsedwa kwa oyankhula. Ili ndi ma transistor amphamvu omwe amayatsa ndi kutseka kutengera kulira kwa wayilesi.

Chifukwa chake, chipangizochi chimagwira ntchito molingana ndi mfundo zotsatirazi. Chizindikiro chokhala ndi matalikidwe ang'onoang'ono chimachokera pamutu wamawu. Mphamvu yamagetsi imakulitsa kupita ku gawo lomwe likufunika, ndipo mtundu wokulira wa chizindikirochi umapangidwa pagawo lotulutsa.

Zambiri pazokhudza magwiridwe antchito a auto amplifier zafotokozedwa muvidiyo yotsatirayi:

Chidule cha zokulitsa zamagalimoto

Mitundu ya mkuzamawu

Zosintha zonse zamagetsi zokulirapo zagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri:

1. analogi - alandire chizindikiritso cha mawonekedwe amagetsi aposachedwa komanso magetsi, mosiyanasiyana kutengera kuchuluka kwa mawu, kenako ndikukulitsa musanapite kwa okamba;
2. digito - amangogwira ntchito ndi ma siginolo amtundu wa digito (ma zero ndi ma zero, kapena mawonekedwe amtundu wa "on / off"), kuwonjezera matalikidwe awo, kenako ndikusintha kukhala mawonekedwe a analog.

Zipangizo zamtundu woyamba zimatulutsa mawu osasintha. Potengera kumveka bwino, magwiridwe antchito amoyo okha ndi omwe angakhale abwino kwambiri poyerekeza ndi analog. Komabe, kujambula komweko kuyenera kukhala koyenera.

Mtundu wachiwiri wachida umasokoneza pang'ono kujambula koyambirira, ndikuchotsa phokoso laling'ono.

Mutha kumva kusiyana pakati pa mitundu iwiri yama amplifiers powalumikiza ku turntable. Wokonda nyimbo amasankha mtundu woyamba wama amplifiers, chifukwa kumveka kwa olankhula pankhaniyi kumakhala kwachilengedwe (ndi mawonekedwe, osamveka bwino, chingwe cha singano). Komabe, mukamasewera nyimbo kuchokera pa digito media (disk, flash drive, memory card), mitundu yonse yama amplifiers imagwira ntchito mofanana.

Kusiyana kwa phokoso ili kumamveka poyesa kanema kotsatira (mverani ndi mahedifoni):

Digital motsutsana ndi Analog - Kuyesa Kovuta Kwambiri!

Ma amplifiers agalimoto amadziwikanso ndi kuchuluka kwa njira:

• njira imodzi - yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikiza subwoofer yokhala ndi mpata wokwanira mpaka 2 ohms, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mayendedwe ochepa;
• njira ziwiri - zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza oyankhula awiri kapena subwoofer imodzi yokhala ndi impedance yopitilira 2 ohms;
• njira zinayi - zidalowa m'malo mwa njira zitatu chifukwa chosagwira ntchito, mtundu wamtunduwu ndiofala kwambiri, chifukwa mutha kulumikiza oyankhula anayi kapena okamba awiri ndi subwoofer imodzi kwa iwo;
• njira zisanu - oyankhula anayi ndi subwoofer imodzi yolumikizidwa kwa iwo;
• Njira zisanu ndi chimodzi - zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati subwoofer ili ndi vuto lalikulu kuposa mtengo wololeza pakusintha kwam'mbuyomu.

Momwe mungayikitsire

Musanakhazikitse chipangizocho, ndikofunikira kuti muzidziwe bwino zina mwazomwe chitetezo cha galimoto ndi magwiridwe antchito amawu zimadalira.

Kusankha malo

Zinthu zingapo zimadalira kusankha kosakhazikitsira kwa chipangizocho.

• Amplifier amatentha kwambiri panthawi yogwira ntchito, motero ndikofunikira kusankha malo omwe amayendetsedwa bwino ndi mpweya. Sitiyenera kukwera pambali pake, mozondoka, kapena pansi pa khungu. Izi zidzatenthetsa chipangizocho ndipo, koposa, siyani kugwira ntchito. Chochitika choipitsitsa ndi moto.
• Kutali kwambiri ndi wayilesi yomwe imayikidwiratu, kumakhala kokana kwambiri. Izi zipangitsa kuti ma speaker azimveka chete.
• Kulumikizana kuyenera kuyendetsedwa pansi pazidutswa zamkati, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kupanga miyezo yolondola, poganizira kutembenuka.
• Osakweza pa kabati ya subwoofer, chifukwa siyimalekerera kugunda kwakukulu.

Kodi malo abwino oti muyikepo pulogalamu yamagetsi iyi ndi iti? Nawa malo ena anayi omwe amapezeka.

1. Kutsogolo kwa kanyumba. Zimatengera mtundu wamagalimoto. Ngati pali malo aulere pansi pa torpedo ndipo sizisokoneza wokwera. Malowa amadziwika kuti ndi abwino, chifukwa kumveka bwino kwamamvekedwe (kutalika kwa chingwe chachidule).
2. Pansi pa mpando wakutsogolo wa okwera. Mumayenda bwino pamlengalenga (mpweya wabwino nthawi zonse umafalikira pansi) komanso kupeza kwaulere chipangizocho. Ngati pali malo ambiri pansi pampando, pali mwayi kuti okwera kumbuyo azimenya chipangizocho ndi mapazi awo.
3. Alumali kumbuyo. Osati njira yoyipa yama sedan ndi matupi a coupe, chifukwa mosiyana ndi zovuta, ndiyokhazikika.
4. Mu thunthu. Izi zidzakhala zothandiza makamaka polumikiza ma amplifiers awiri (imodzi munyumba yazanyumba ndi ina m thunthu).

Mawaya olumikizira

Oyendetsa galimoto ena amakhulupirira molakwika kuti mawaya ocheperako omwe amabwera ndi ma speaker amakwanira zomvera. Komabe, chingwe chapadera chimafunikira kuti ipatse mphamvu amplifier.

Mwachitsanzo, dalaivala adagula chida cha 200W. Chizindikiro ichi chikuyenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi 30% (zotayika pamphamvu zochepa). Zotsatira zake, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yama amplifier kudzakhala 260 W. Gawo lamtundu wa waya wamagetsi limawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotsatirazi: mphamvu yogawidwa ndi magetsi (260/12). Pachifukwa ichi, chingwechi chiyenera kupirira 21,6A.

Opanga zamagetsi zamagetsi amalangiza kugula mawaya okhala ndi malire ocheperako kuti kusungunuka kwawo kusasungunuke chifukwa cha kutentha. Pambuyo pakuwerengera koteroko, ambiri amadabwa kuti zingwe zazing'onoting'ono za amplifier zikhala zotani.

Lama fuyusi

Fuseti iyenera kupezeka pamagetsi aliwonse amagetsi, makamaka ngati ili ndi mphepo yayikulu. Ndi chinthu chosavuta chomwe chimasokoneza dera likatenthedwa. Ziteteza mkati mwa galimoto pamoto chifukwa chakuchedwa kwakanthawi.

Fuseti yamachitidwe otere nthawi zambiri imawoneka ngati mbiya yamagalasi yokhala ndi chitsulo chachitsulo mkati. Zosinthazi zili ndi zovuta zina. Othandizira pa iwo ali okosijeni, chifukwa cha mphamvu ya chipangizocho.

Zosankha zamafuta okwera mtengo kwambiri zimakhala ndi zomangira zotchingira zotchingira fusible mbale. Kuyanjana kwakulumikizana koteroko sikusowa pakumanjenjemera kopitilira muyeso wamagalimoto.

Izi zoteteza ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa pafupi ndi batri momwe zingathere - mkati mwa 30 sentimita. Zosintha zomwe zimaposa mphamvu ya waya sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, ngati chingwe chimatha kulimbana ndi magetsi a 30A, fuseti iyi isapitirire mtengo wa 50A.

Chingwe cholumikizira

Izi sizofanana ndi chingwe chamagetsi. Chingwe cholumikizira cholumikizira zolumikizira zomvera zawailesi komanso zokulitsira. Ntchito yayikulu pachinthuchi ndikutumiza mawu kuchokera pa chojambulira kupita kumalo olimbikitsira opanda kutaya kwamtundu.

Chingwe choterechi nthawi zonse chimayenera kukhala ndi zotchinjiriza zolimba ndi zotchinga zonse komanso chowongolera chapakati. Iyenera kugulidwa padera, chifukwa nthawi zambiri imabwera ndi njira yosankhira bajeti.

Zithunzi zolumikizira mkuzamawu

Musanagule zokulitsa, muyenera kusankha kuti ndi njira iti yomwe okamba adzalumikizidwa kudzera mkuzamawu. Pali njira zitatu zolumikizira:

• Zofanana. Njirayi ndioyenera okamba omwe ali ndi zokuzira zamtundu wonse komanso zotsika kwambiri zolumikizidwa ndi zokulitsira. Chifukwa cha izi, makina anayiwo adzagawa mphamvu yamagetsi mbaliyo;
• Ofanana. Njirayi imakupatsani mwayi wolumikiza oyankhula okwera ma impedance pachida chomwe sichidapangidwe kuti chizikhala ndi mpweya wabwino kwambiri. Njirayi imaperekanso mwayi wolumikiza oyankhula pafupipafupi komanso zosintha pamtundu wa wideband ngati kulumikizana kwa serial sikunapereke voliyumu yofanana pa olankhula onse (imodzi mwamamveka ngati chete kapena mokweza);
• Siriyo-kufanana. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga makina ovuta kuyankhulira. Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kulumikiza okamba angapo kuzipangizo ziwiri sikunapereke zomwe mukufuna.

Chotsatira, muyenera kudziwa momwe cholumikizira chidzagwirizane ndi wailesi. Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zoyankhulira kapena zotulutsa mzere.

Ganizirani mawonekedwe amtundu uliwonse pamwambapa wolumikizira oyankhula ndi zokulitsira.

Zofanana

Pachifukwa ichi, subwoofer imagwirizanitsidwa mndandanda ndi wokamba kumanzere kapena kumanja kwa zokulitsira njira ziwiri. Ngati makina a 4-amplifier aikidwa m'galimoto, ndiye kuti subwoofer yolumikizidwa ndi njira ya mlatho kapena njira yolowera kumanzere kapena kumanja.

Kuti mukhale kosavuta, terminal yabwino imapangidwa kukhala yayikulu kuposa yoyipa. Kulumikizana kumachitika motere. Malo osayenerera olankhulira kumbuyo kwa wideband amalumikizidwa ndi terminal yabwino ya subwoofer. Mawaya acoustic ochokera kuma amplifier amalumikizidwa ndi malo omasuka a wokamba ndi subwoofer.

Onetsetsani kuti mitengoyo ndi yolondola musanagwiritse ntchito speaker. Pachifukwa ichi, batiri la 1.5-volt limalumikizidwa ndi mawaya. Ngati zingwe za wokamba nkhani zikuyenda mbali imodzi, ndiye kuti polarity ndiyolondola. Kupanda kutero, kulumikizana kumasinthana.

Kutha kwa olankhula onse kuyenera kukhala chimodzimodzi. Kupanda kutero, wokamba nkhani payekha amveka mokweza kapena modekha.

Ofanana

Poterepa, ma tweeters kapena subwoofer amalumikizidwa ndi oyankhula zazikulu chimodzimodzi. Popeza nembanemba ya tweeter sikuwoneka, polarity iyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi khutu. Kwa phokoso lililonse lachilendo, mawaya amasinthidwa.

Ndizothandiza kwambiri kulumikiza mawaya osati awiri ndi awiri m'modzi umodzi, koma kugwiritsa ntchito chingwe cholankhulira ndi nthambi. Mawaya ochokera kuma speaker amalumikizidwa kumapeto kwake, kuti mphambano isakwane oxidize, imayenera kulumikizidwa ndi tepi yamagetsi kapena cambric yosachedwa kutentha.

Siriyo-kufanana

Njira yolumikizirayi imakupatsani mwayi wopereka mawu apamwamba. Izi zimatheka chifukwa chophatikiza okamba, komanso kufananizira kupindika kwawo ndi chizindikiritso chomwecho pachokweza mawu.

Poterepa, pali mitundu ingapo yolumikizirana yolankhulira. Mwachitsanzo, subwoofer ndi wokamba nkhani wathunthu amalumikizidwa motsatana. Mofananamo ndi wokamba nkhani pa Broadband, twitter imagwirizanabe.

Momwe mungalumikizire ndi manja anu

Simusowa kukhala ndi chidziwitso chakuya chamagetsi kuti mugwirizane ndi zokulitsa. Ndikokwanira kutsatira malangizo omwe amabwera ndi chipangizocho. Mosasamala kanthu kakusinthidwa kwa chipangizocho, kulumikizaku kumapangidwa motere.

1. Choyamba, bokosi lamphamvu limakonzedwa pamalo osankhidwa ndi galimoto (pomwe silingatenthe).

2. Pofuna kuteteza mwangozi mzere wa mzere, zingwe ziyenera kuikidwa pansi pazitsulo lamkati. Momwe mungachitire izi zimatsimikizika ndi mwiniwake wamagalimoto. Komabe, poyika chingwe cholumikizira, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti malo omwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi kulumikizana kwa magetsi kwa makinawo adzasokoneza mawu amawu chifukwa cha cheza chamagetsi chamagetsi.

Njira yoyamba yokhazikitsira chingwe chamagetsi

3. Chingwe champhamvu chimatha kuyendetsedwa pamodzi ndi zingwe zazikuluzikulu zamagalimoto. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kukonza kuti isagwere pansi pazinthu zosuntha za makina - chiwongolero, ma pedal kapena othamanga (izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri ngati ntchitoyi siyikuchitidwa ndi katswiri). Kumalo omwe chingwe chimadutsa pakhoma la thupi, ma grommets apulasitiki ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi zidzateteza kusakhazikika kwa waya. Kuti mukhale otetezeka kwambiri, mzerewu uyenera kuyikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito machubu (chubu chazitsulo zopangidwa ndi zinthu zosayaka).

4. Waya woyipa (wakuda) ayenera kukhazikika pagalimoto. Poterepa, simungagwiritse ntchito zomangira ndi zopota - ma bolts okha ndi mtedza, ndipo malo olumikizirana ayenera kutsukidwa. Malo osungira pa amplifier olembedwa GND ndi nthaka, kapena kuchepa. Malo akutali ndi pomwe waya wolamulira kuchokera pawailesi amalumikizidwa (amatha kuyendetsedwa ndi cholumikizira ndi antenna). Imatumiza chizindikiritso chazomwe wolemba amatsegulidwa. Nthawi zambiri, pamakhala waya wabuluu kapena mzere woyera pa zida izi.

Njira yachiwiri yoyika chingwe chamagetsi

5. Chingwe chachizindikiro chimalumikizidwa ndi zolumikizira za Line-out (radio) ndi Line-in (amplifier). Mitundu yambiri ili ndi ma jack angapo awa: kutsogolo (Kutsogolo), kumbuyo (Kumbuyo), subwoofer (Sub).

6. Oyankhula adzalumikizidwa molingana ndi buku lawo la malangizo.

7. Bwanji ngati wailesi ili ndi njira ziwiri ndipo amplifier ndi njira zinayi? Poterepa, gwiritsani ntchito chingwe cholumikizira cholumikizira. Ili ndi ma tulips awiri mbali imodzi ndi zinayi mbali inayo.

Kulumikiza zokulitsa ndi wailesi yopanda ma tulips

Mitundu yamawayilesi yamagalimoto omwe ali ndi bajeti amakhala ndi zolumikizira zodziwika bwino ndi tatifupi. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kugula adaputala yapadera yolumikizira chingwe. Kumbali imodzi, ili ndi mawaya wamba, ndipo mbali inayo - "amayi a tulip".

Kotero kuti mawaya pakati pa adaputala ndi chojambulira pawailesi sakusweka chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kwanthawi zonse kwa chipangizocho, mutha kukulunga ndi mphira wa thovu (sichitha kuthamanga mukamayendetsa) ndikuyikonza pamutu wamutu.

Momwe mungalumikizire ma amplifiers awiri kapena kupitilira apo

Mukalumikiza chida chachiwiri chokulitsira, zina zofunika kuziganizira.

• Kukhalapo kwa capacitor wamphamvu (osachepera 1F) kumafunikira. Inayikidwa ndi kugwirizana kofanana ndi batri.
• Kulumikizana kwa chingwe chachizindikiro kumadalira kusintha kwa ma amplifiers iwowo. Malangizo adzawonetsa izi. Nthawi zambiri crossover imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi.

Chifukwa chomwe mukusowa crossover ndi momwe mungakhazikitsire ikufotokozedwa pakuwunika uku:

Ma audio agalimoto. Zinsinsi za Makonda # 1. Crossover.

Kulumikiza zokulitsa njira ziwiri ndi zinayi

Kulumikiza mkuzamawu, kuwonjezera pa chida chomwecho, mufunikiranso waya wapadera. Monga tanenera kale, mawaya azizindikiro ayenera kukhala ndi chophimba chapamwamba kwambiri kuti phokoso lisamveke. Zingwe zamagetsi zimayenera kupirira ma volt voltage.

Ma analogi a njira ziwiri ndi zinayi ali ndi njira zofananira, kutengera zomwe mukufuna kukwaniritsa.

Ma amplifier awiri

Mitundu iwiri yamawayilesi ndiyotchuka pakati pa okonda kumvetsera pagalimoto. Mu zomvekera mu bajeti, zosinthazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokulitsira mawu kwa oyankhula kutsogolo kapena polumikiza subwoofer. Umu ndi momwe cholumikizira chotere chimalumikizidwira nthawi zonse:

• Zolankhulirana zenizeni. Poterepa, mkuzamawu udzagwiritsidwa ntchito pa stereo. Poterepa, chingwe cholumikizira chitha kulumikizidwa pamlingo wapamwamba (ngati chojambulira chawayilesi sichikhala ndi zotuluka pamizere, ndiye chosinthira chimakhala ndi doko lolowera pazomwezi) kapena pamlingo wotsika (pomwe chojambulira tepi chawailesi chimakhala ndi zotulukapo zazingwe - ma jacks wamba amtundu wa "tulip"). Mukalumikiza, ndikofunikira kuti musasokoneze polarity ndi njira. Muyeneranso kugwiritsa ntchito fyuluta ya HPF kapena low pass. Poterepa, katundu pa njira iliyonse atha kukhala 2 ohms.
• Subwoofer. Poterepa, amplifier yolumikizidwa mumayendedwe a "mlatho". Chiwembucho chikupezeka pazithunzi zambiri za 4-channel. Chiwembucho ndi ichi. Kuphatikiza kwa njira imodzi yama amplifier ndi minus ina kumatengedwa ndikulumikizidwa ndi subwoofer. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mitundu yambiri imagwira ntchito pamlingo wochepa kwambiri kuchokera pa 50 Ohm. Munjira yolumikizira yotere, mufunika fyuluta ya LPF. Imadula zikwangwani pafupipafupi 100-XNUMXHz kuchokera ku subwoofer.  

Anayi njira mkuzamawu

Polumikiza ndi mkuzamawu ali ndi dera pafupifupi ofanana. Kusiyanitsa kokha ndikumatha kulumikiza oyankhula anayi kapena oyankhula awiri ndi subwoofer. Muyenera kuyatsa chipangizocho pogwiritsa ntchito chingwe chakuda.

Nthawi zambiri, kuphatikiza ndi zokulitsira, zida zimaphatikizaponso malangizo olumikizira m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamawonekedwe onse a stereo (okamba amalumikizidwa molingana ndi polarity yomwe ikuwonetsedwa pachithunzichi m'malamulo) ndi mono (oyankhula 2 ndi sub).

Kuti mugwirizane ndi subwoofer, muyenera kutsatira malangizo a wokamba nkhani mosamala. Chithunzichi cholumikizira ndichofanana ndi cholumikizira subwoofer ndi zokulitsira njira ziwiri - njira ziwiri zimaphatikizidwa kukhala mlatho umodzi. Mawayilesi anayi okha ndi omwe amalumikizana.

Momwe mungalumikizire zokulitsa njira zisanu

M'mawonekedwe awa, chipangizocho chimalumikizidwa ndi batri chimodzimodzi ndi china chilichonse chokulitsira. Kulumikizana kwa chojambulira pawailesi sikusiyana. Kusiyana kokha ndiko kulumikizana kwa wokamba.

Monga tidanenera, m'mitundu isanu, njira zinayi zidapangidwa kuti zizidyetsa ma speaker. Subwoofer imakhala pamsewu wachisanu. Popeza kuti tweeter imafuna mphamvu zambiri, gawo lamkango lamphamvu ya amplifier lidzagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa nembanemba.

Chosavuta cha ma amplifiers awa ndikuti mabass akulu amatenga pafupifupi mphamvu zonse kuchokera kwa ma tweeters. Pachifukwa ichi, kusinthaku kumagulidwa ndi eni magalimoto omwe amayamikira kukongola kwa nyimboyo ndi kuya kwa mayendedwe onse, osati kuchuluka kwa nyimbo. Ma tweets atha kuyikidwa pazikhomo zofananira ndi zoyankhulira zakutsogolo (kulumikizana kofananira).

Momwe mungakhalire amplifier

Kukhazikitsa bwino chokulitsira ndi chinthu chinanso chomwe chimakhudza nyimbo zomveka mgalimoto. Ngati palibe chidziwitso pakuchita izi, ndibwino kuti mupeze thandizo la katswiri kwa nthawi yoyamba. Ngati malingalirowo ndi olakwika, mutha kuwotcha njirayo kapena kuwononga mamakina oyankhulira (a twitter adayeserera kupanga mabass, ndipo adaswa).

Nayi magawo omwe muyenera kuyikapo pa zokulitsira zamtundu wina wa zokuzira mawu:

• HPF kapena High Pass Filter. Amplifier ya subwoofer iyenera kukhazikitsidwa mozungulira 20Hz. Pa ma driver a midrange, HPF imayikidwa pafupifupi 80Hz. Izi zimachepetsa ma frequency otsika omwe wokamba sangathe kufotokozera. Ngati ma tweeters amalumikizidwa mosiyana ndi mkuzamawu, ndiye kuti gawo ili la iwo limayikidwa pazipita 5000Hz (zimatengera mtundu wawo).
• LPF kapena fyuluta yotsika. Pa subwoofer amplifier, fyuluta iyi imayikidwa pakati pa 50 ndi 80Hz. Pazosankha za midrange, cutoff iyenera kukhala yokwanira 1600Hz. Kwa twitters, mutha kupanga malire a 20Hz, koma izi sizofunikira.
• Kupeza kapena chidwi cha zomwe mwalandira kuchokera pawailesi. Ichi ndi gawo lomwe limakupatsani mwayi wofananira zokulitsa ndi chojambulira tepi. Kumvetsetsa kumayesedwa ndi volts. Kuchulukitsa kwa gawo ili kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa oyankhula. Mukasintha parameter iyi pama speaker a subwoofer, muyenera kuzimitsa zoyeserera ndi njira zina zomwe zimayang'anira mabasi. Tithandizira kwambiri kukonza kwa Gein pambuyo pake.
• Subsonic ndi fyuluta yapadera yosanja yomwe imadula infrasound. Amapezeka pa subwoofer amplifiers (monoblocs). Mwachikhazikitso, gawo ili liyenera kukhazikitsidwa mpaka 25Hz.
• Bassboost. Izi ndizomwe zimayendetsa zokha kuti pafupipafupi (nthawi zambiri 40-45Hz) imakulitsa mphamvu ya wokamba nkhani. Ngati woyambitsa akukonzekera zokulitsa, ndibwino kuti musasinthe wowongolera uyu, popeza pali kuthekera kwakukulu kotentha gawo.
• Kutha. Uku ndikusintha kwazosefera zosiyanasiyana. Imapezeka mumitundu yomwe ilibe zosankha zosiyanasiyana pa fyuluta iliyonse. HPF - zizindikilo zapamwamba zimadulidwa, LPF - ma siginecha otsika amafupika, Zosefera zonse sizigwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Gawo - Makondawa amakupatsani mwayi wosintha magawo a wokamba nkhani. Ngati mulibe chidziwitso pamakonzedwe, ndibwino kuti musakhudze izi.
• Master / Kapolo. Kusintha uku kumakupatsani mwayi wolumikizira olankhula. Udindo woyamba umakhudza kulumikizidwa kuchokera ku "tulips" (RCA) kuchokera pawailesi, ndipo chachiwiri chimayikidwa ngati monoblock yolumikizidwa.

Tiyeni tikambirane pang'ono za momwe mungasinthire bwino gawo la Gain. Pali njira ziwiri. Choyamba chidzafunika thandizo la mnzanu. Choyamba, pawailesi, nyimbo zimayikidwa pamtengo wotsika. Kenako amaphatikizira zolemba, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimamveka mgalimoto, ndipo zimadziwika kale momwe ziyenera kumveka.

Voliyumu ya chipangizocho imakhazikitsidwa pang'onopang'ono mpaka pafupifupi kotala la mtengo wake. Ngati mawu ayamba kupotoza kale, ndiye kuti muyenera kusiya kukweza mawu, ndikuchepetsa kusintha kwamagawo angapo.

Kenako, mkuzamawu wakhazikitsidwa. Wothandizira pang'onopang'ono amachulukitsa kuyang'anira kumbuyo kwa zokulitsa mpaka zosokoneza zatsopano ziwonekere. Nyimbozo zikangoyamba kumveka zosakhala zachilengedwe, muyenera kuyimitsa ndikukana zosinthazo ndi pafupifupi 10%.

Njira yachiwiri idzafuna kutsitsa mawu apadera omwe adapangidwa kuti asinthe magawo osiyanasiyana a amplifier. Phokoso ili limatchedwa sinus. Kuti muchepetse subwoofer, mafupipafupi amakhala 40 kapena 50 (ngati wokamba nkhani ali m'bokosi lotsekedwa). Ngati midbass yakhazikitsidwa, ndiye kuti maziko ayenera kukhala gawo la pafupifupi 315Hz.

Chotsatira, njira zomwezo zimachitidwa monga momwe zidalili kale. Chojambulira chawailesi chimachepetsa, sine imatsegulidwa (kamvekedwe kamvekedwe kamene kamamveka pafupipafupi, ngati kakusintha, kadzamveka nthawi yomweyo), ndipo pang'onopang'ono voliyumu imawonjezeredwa mpaka zosokoneza ziwonekere. Uwu ukhala phokoso lapamwamba kwambiri pawailesi.

Kenako, mkuzamawu ndi anatsekula mofanana ndi njira yoyamba. Kupeza kumawonjezeredwa mpaka kusokonekera kumachitika, pambuyo pake kuwongolera kumasunthidwa ndi 10% kutsika.

Njira zosankhira mkuzamawu

Zipangizo zilizonse, makamaka zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wokutulutsa mawu opanda zingwe kuchokera pazama digito, zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake. Popeza chojambulira tepi, ma speaker, amplifier ndi zida zina zamagetsi zimagwira ntchito mumtolo umodzi, amplifier yatsopanoyo iyenera kufanana ndi zinthu zina zama audio. Nazi zizindikiro zomwe muyenera kuziganizira mukamasankha amplifier yatsopano:

1. Mphamvu pa njira;
2. Wokamba kumbuyo ndi subwoofer adavotera mphamvu. Chizindikiro ichi chiyenera kukhala chokwera pang'ono kuposa mphamvu ya njira imodzi mu amplifier. Chifukwa cha izi, zitha kukwaniritsidwa bwino ndipo ma speaker sangathe "kutsamwa" chifukwa chodzaza ntchito;
3. Katundu kukana. Zokuzira ndi yodzaza ndi zida lamayimbidwe. Chofunikira chiyenera kukhala machesi okanira pa okamba komanso pa amplifier. Mwachitsanzo, ngati okamba nkhani ali ndi mpweya wa ma ohms 4, ndiye kuti zokulitsa ziyenera kukhala ndi mtengo wofanana. Sizachilendo kuti wolankhulayo apitirire kupitirira mphamvu yama amplifier. Ngati kusiyana kumeneku ndikosiyana (mkuzamawu uli ndi zochulukirapo kuposa olankhula), ndiye kuti pali kuthekera kwakukulu kuti zokulitsira ndi zomvekera zitha;
4. Mafupidwe amtundu wamagalimoto amayenera kuyambira 20 hertz mpaka 20 kilohertz. Ngati kufalikira uku ndikokulirapo, ndiye kuti ndibwinonso, izi zokha zingakhudze mtengo wazida;
5. Kukhalapo kwa crossover. Mukamagula zokulitsa zamakono, muyenera kuganiziranso izi. M'mitundu yambiri, ndiyabwino. Izi zimakupatsani mwayi wosintha ma modes ndikugwiritsa ntchito zokulitsira m'malo osiyanasiyana;
6. Kukhalapo kwa mzere wokhazikika wa transistor, ngati pakufunika kulumikizana ndi amplifier yachiwiri.

Momwe mungasankhire amplifier ngati subwoofer yayikidwa

Pakhoza kukhala masinthidwe ambiri pamakina oyankhulira magalimoto. Kusankhidwa kwa mkuzamawu kumachitika malinga ndi magawo omwe afotokozedwa pamwambapa. Koma ngati subwoofer yayikidwa kale m'galimoto, kuphatikiza pazigawozi, muyenera kusankha njira ziwiri. Mwa njira, posankha chida, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti chikuthandizira kulumikiza. Mitundu yambiri yotere ili pamsika wamagalimoto.

Monga tafotokozera kale, kutchinga kumatanthauza njira yolumikizira yomwe imadalira njira ziwiri zokulitsira pama speaker pa subwoofer. Zitsanzo za Amp zomwe sizigwirizana ndi kukwera kwamalumikizidwe zimalumikizidwa mwanjira yapadera kuti chizindikiritso chochokera pamakina a amplifier chifotokozeredwe kwa wolankhulira subwoofer. Zolankhula zina zimachita izi polumikiza zikwangwani kuchokera pazotulutsa zingapo zamagetsi (ngati mawu awiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu subwoofer).

Ndi kulumikizana uku, mawaya amizere ochokera mkuzamawu amalumikizidwa ndi zokulungira za subwoofer speaker (polarity iyenera kuwonedwa). Ngati pali subwoofer imodzi yokha yokhotakhota, ndiye kuti muyenera kugula chowonjezera chapadera. Ndi kulumikizana uku, amplifier imatumiza chizindikiritso cha mono kawiri pamphamvu ya njira iliyonse, koma pakadali pano palibe kutayika mukamachita chizindikirocho.

Njira yowonjezereka ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kulumikiza subwoofer yomwe ilipo ndi amplifier yatsopano. Pachifukwa ichi, njira zonse zokuzira mawu zimagwirira ntchito payokha, koma zimafotokozedwera subwoofer pambuyo pake. Pofuna kuti musavutitse kwambiri chipangizocho, ndikofunikira kuti mayendedwe amizere asachuluke. Poterepa, chida chongosewerera chimalumikizidwa ndi njira yotulutsa. Koma ndi bwino kuyika kulumikizana koteroko kwa akatswiri.

Kanema: momwe mungalumikizire amplifier ndi manja anu

Posankha chosinthira galimoto, muyenera kuzindikira kuti zida zowonjezera zimafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kusamalira kudalirika kwa batri - kotero kuti pakanthawi kovuta kwambiri sikangotulutsidwa. Mutha kuphunzira momwe mungayang'anire batri kuchokera nkhani yapadera.

Kuti mumve zambiri zamomwe mungalumikizire amplifier, onani kanema:

Momwe mungalumikizire zokuzira zamagalimoto

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Momwe mungalumikizire chojambulira cha 4-way pa chojambulira tepi ndi 1 RCA. Pali zosankha ziwiri pamtunduwu. Yoyamba ndi kugula Y-splitters. Iyi ndiye njira yotsika mtengo, koma ili ndi zovuta zingapo. Choyamba, zimasokoneza mtundu wa mawu. Chachiwiri, ndizosatheka kusintha malire pakati pa okamba pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoyenera pawailesi. Izi zidzafunika kusinthidwa pa amplifier yokha. Njira yachiwiri ndikugwiritsira ntchito zokulitsa njira ziwiri, zolumikizira pazotsatira zake. Cholumikizira mawayilesi awiri amalumikizidwa ndi chojambulira chawailesi, ndipo cholumikizira njira 4 chimalumikizidwa nacho. Chosavuta cha mtolo woterewu ndi chimodzimodzi - ndizosatheka kusintha malire oyankhulira kutsogolo / kumbuyo kuchokera pawailesi. Chachitatu - purosesa / zoyeserera zimayikidwa pakati pamutu wamutu ndi zokulitsira. Chosavuta kwenikweni ndi mtengo wokwera, komanso zovuta za kulumikizana.

Momwe mungalumikizire ma amplifiers awiri pa chojambulira pa wayilesi ndi 1 RCA. Njira yosavuta yochitira izi ndikudutsa Y-splitters. Koma pakadali pano, padzakhala zosokoneza. Njira yotsatira ndikulumikiza kwazitsulo 4 kumakhala pa midbass ndi ma tweet. 1-channel amplifier imayendetsa oyankhula kumbuyo. Nthawi zambiri, uwu ndi mtolo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Momwe mungalumikizire mkuzamawu ku mutu wagawo? Choyamba, mkuzamawu umalumikizidwa ndi makina amagetsi (zida zabwino ndi zoyipa za batri). Kenako, pogwiritsa ntchito chingwe, zolumikizira za Line-in (pa amplifier) ​​ndi Line-out (pa wailesi) ndizolumikizidwa. Kulumikizidwa ndi zokuzira mawu.

Momwe mungagwirizanitsire zokuzira kudzera pa babu yoyatsa? Kuwala mu dera pakati pa mkuzamawu ndi batire chofunika kuteteza dera lalifupi mu dera la. Ndikulumikizana uku, nyali iyenera kuyatsa kwambiri ndikuzimitsa, kapena kuwala pang'ono-pang'ono. Njira yolumikizirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri kuti muchite nokha. Njira yosavuta ndikulumikiza zokuzira ndi chozungulira chotsegula.