Momwe magudumu amakhudzira magwiridwe antchito ndi magwiridwe antchito agalimoto
Zamkatimu
Zovala zimapanga mwamuna, mawilo amapanga galimoto. Kwa zaka zambiri, zikuwonekeratu kuti oyendetsa galimoto ambiri amayendetsa. Koma ena apita motalikirapo, kutsatira mawu akuti: "Zazikulu ndi zazikulu, zimakhala bwino." Kodi ndi zoona? Tiyeni tione vuto mwatsatanetsatane ndi kufotokoza ubwino / kuipa kwa matayala yopapatiza muyezo ndi kusankha matayala okulirapo.
Ma disks alipo lero m'mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, makulidwe, mitundu, kotero kuti membala yemwe angakhale ndi chidwi amamva kuti akhoza kusankha chilichonse chomwe chingagwirizane ndi abambo awo. Choncho, deta mu pepala la deta ndi malo pansi pa mapiko amakhalabe malire okha. Zoona zake, komabe, pali zolepheretsa zingapo zomwe, ngati zinyalanyazidwa, zingakhudze kwambiri kuyendetsa galimoto, kuyendetsa galimoto kapena chitetezo. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti mawilo ndi malo okhawo omwe amalumikizana ndi galimoto ndi msewu.
Kulemera kwama Wheel
Anthu ochepa chidwi njinga wokongola ndi lalikulu adzadzifunsa funso limeneli. Nthawi yomweyo, kulemera kwa anthu osalumikizidwa kumakhudza kwambiri kuyendetsa ndi kuyendetsa galimoto. Komanso, kuchepa mphamvu inertia wa gudumu onsewo kumawonjezera mphamvu ya mathamangitsidwe ndi deceleration. Pankhani yosintha kukula kwa inchi imodzi (inchi), kunenepa kumakhala kocheperako, pakakhala kukula kwa mainchesi awiri kapena kupitilira apo, kunenepa kumawonekera kwambiri ndikufikira ma kilogalamu angapo. Inde, zinthu zomwe disc imapangidwanso ziyenera kuganiziridwanso.
Fizikiiki yosavuta ndiyokwanira kufotokoza ntchito yofunika yolemera yamagudumu. Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagudumu oyenda imakulanso molingana ndi liwiro la kasinthasintha.
Ek = 1/2 * I * ω2
Chowona kuti ichi ndi chochuluka kwambiri chitha kuwonetsedwa ndi chitsanzo cha mawilo oyenda a njinga. Ndiopepuka, koma ngati atazungulira pa liwiro linalake, amatha kugwira njingayo ndi munthu wamkulu molunjika osagwira kapena kuyendetsa. Chifukwa chake ndi chomwe chimatchedwa gyroscopic effect, chifukwa chomwe chimasinthira kayendedwe kake kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, kuthamanga kwa kasinthasintha kwa gudumu kumakhala kovuta.
Ndi chimodzimodzi ndi mawilo a magalimoto. Zolemera kwambiri, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kusintha njira, ndipo timazindikira kuti izi ndizomwe zimatchedwa chiwongolero champhamvu. Mawilo olemera kwambiri amapangitsanso kukhala kovuta kwambiri kuchepetsa mayendedwe awo podutsa mabampu. Zimatengera mphamvu zambiri kuzisintha kapena kuzizungulira. mabuleki.
Mphamvu zamagalimoto
Kutalika kwa tayalalo sikukhudzanso magwiridwe antchito agalimoto. Malo akuluakulu olumikizirana amatanthauza kukana kugwedezeka kwambiri mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira yomweyo. Izi zimadziwika kwambiri ndi injini zosafooka, pomwe kuthamangitsidwa kuchokera ku 0 mpaka 100 km / h kumatha kuchepetsedwa ndi magawo khumi mwa sekondi. Pankhani ya injini zamphamvu kwambiri, kusiyana kumeneku sikungachitike.
Nthawi zina (ndi injini zamphamvu) zotsatirazi ndizosiyana, popeza gudumu lalikulu limakhala ndi malo olumikizirana akulu ndi mseu, womwe umawonekera posachedwa mukathamangitsa mwachangu chifukwa chake kuthamangitsidwa bwino.
Kuthamanga kwakukulu
Kutalika kwa matayala kumakhudzanso liwiro lapamwamba. Komabe, pakadali pano, zotsatira za kukana kwakukulu sikungatchulidwe kwenikweni ngati kuthamangitsidwa. Izi ndichifukwa choti kulimbana kwina kosunthika kumayamba, ndipo kulimbana kwakukulu kumachitika pakati pa mpweya wamthupi, komanso pakati pamawilo omwe, omwe amakwera ndi liwiro la liwiro.
Ma braking mtunda
Pamalo ouma, pamene tayala likukulira, ndi lalifupi mtunda woyimapo. Kusiyanaku kuli m'mamita. Zomwezo zitha kunenedwanso pobowola konyowa, popeza pali madera ena ang'onoang'ono (m'mphepete) mwa njira yopondaponda yomwe ikupaka panjira.
Chosiyanacho chimachitika pamene galimoto ikuyendetsa / kuphulika pamtunda wonyowa ndi madzi osasunthika. Kuchulukitsa m'lifupi mwa tayala kumachepetsa kuthamanga kwapadera kwa tayala pamsewu ndikuchotsa madzi kuchokera kumalo okhudzidwa kwambiri. Dera lalikulu la tayala lalikulu liyenera kunyamula madzi ochulukirapo, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri pamene liwiro likuwonjezeka. Pachifukwa ichi, matayala okulirapo amayamba kale kwambiri, otchedwa Kusambira - hydroplaning poyendetsa dziwe lalikulu, ngati matayala ocheperako, makamaka ngati kuponda kwa tayala lalikulu kumavala kwambiri.
Kusintha
Pamalo owuma ndi onyowa, matayala okulirapo okhala ndi nambala yaying'ono (miyeso yaying'ono ndi khoma lolimba la m'mbali) amakoka bwino. Izi zikutanthawuza bwino (mwachangu komanso chakuthwa) kusamalira ndi kusintha kwakuthwa kwa njira, popeza pali mapindikidwe ochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi thupi lochepa kapena lochepa. tayala lokhazikika. Kukoka bwino kumapangitsanso kusintha kwa malire a shear panthawi yothamanga - kukwera kwa g-value.
Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi braking, chosiyanacho chimakhala chowona pamalo onyowa kapena onyowa. poyendetsa chipale chofewa. M'misewu yotere, matayala otakata amayamba kuterera ndikudutsamo kale kwambiri. Matayala opapatiza amachita bwino kwambiri pankhaniyi, chifukwa madzi kapena chipale chofewa chimakanirira pansi pakupondaponda. Ndizachidziwikire kuti kuyerekezera matayala ndi mtundu womwewo ndikuponda makulidwe.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito
Kutalika kwa tayala kumathandizanso pakumwa mafuta m'galimoto. Amadziwika kwambiri mu injini zosafooka, pomwe pamafunika kuthamanga kwambiri pama accelerator pazomwe zikuyembekezereka. Poterepa, kusintha tayala kuchoka pa 15 "kufika 18" kungatanthauzenso kuwonjezeka kwa mafuta kuposa 10%. Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwamatayala a 1 inchi ndikuwonjezeka kofananira kwa matayala kumatanthauza kuwonjezeka kwa mafuta pafupifupi 2-3%.
Kuyendetsa bwino
Matayala ocheperako okhala ndi mbiri yayitali (yovomerezeka) ndioyenera kuyendetsa pamisewu yosauka kwambiri. Kutalika kwawo kumatalika ndikumayendetsa bwino zovuta zam'misewu.
Potengera phokoso, matayala otakata amangomveka phokoso pang'ono kuposa tayala laling'ono. Kwa matayala ambiri omwe ali ndi njira yofananira, kusiyana kumeneku sikofunikira.
Kuthamanga kwambiri pa liwiro la injini yomweyo
Kuphatikiza pazinthu zomwe zatchulidwazi, kukula kwamatayala kungakhudzenso kuthamanga kwagalimoto pa liwiro limodzi la injini. Mwanjira ina, pa liwiro la tachometer imodzimodziyo, galimoto imayenda msanga kapena pang'onopang'ono. Kupatuka kwachangu pambuyo poti matayala asintha. ma disks amasiyana peresenti. Tiyeni titengere chitsanzo pa Škoda Octavia. Tikufuna kusintha mawilo 195/65 R15 kukhala 205/55 R16. Zotsatira zakusintha kwake ndikosavuta kuwerengera:
Matayala 195/65 R15
Kukula kumasonyezedwa, mwachitsanzo: 195/65 R15, pamene 195 mm ndi m'lifupi mwa tayala (mu mm), ndi 65 ndi kutalika kwa tayala monga peresenti (kuchokera m'mimba mwake mpaka kunja) poyerekezera ndi m'lifupi mwake. R15 ndi mainchesi a disc (inchi imodzi ndi 25,4 mm).
Kutalika kwa matayala v timakhulupirira v = mbiri * mbiri "v = 195 * 0,65 = 126,75 mm.
Tikuwerengera utali wozungulira litayamba mu mamilimita r = disc m'mimba mwake * 25,4 / 2 "r = (15 * 25,4) / 2 = 190,5 mm.
Utali wozungulira gudumu lonse ndi R = r + v »126,75 + 190,5 = 317,25.
Kuzungulira kwa magudumu O = 2 * π * R "2 * 3,1415 * 317,25 = 1993,28 mm.
Matayala 205/55 R16
v = 205 * 0,55 = 112,75 mm.
r = (16 * 25,4) / 2 = 203,2 mm.
R = 112,75 + 203,2 = 315,95 mm.
O = 2 * 3,1415 * 315,95 = 1985,11 mm.
Kuchokera kuwerengera pamwambapa, zikuwoneka kuti gudumu lowoneka ngati lalikulu 16-inchi kwenikweni ndi ochepa mamilimita ochepa. Choncho, chilolezo chapansi cha galimoto chimachepetsedwa ndi 1,3 mm. Zotsatira zake pa liwiro lotsatira zimawerengedwa ndi chilinganizo Δ = (R2 / R1 - 1) * 100 [%], pomwe R1 ndi utali wozungulira woyambira ndi R2 ndi gudumu latsopano.
Δ = (315,95 / 317,25 – 1) * 100 = -0,41%
Mukasintha matayala kuyambira 15 "mpaka 16", liwiro lidzachepetsedwa ndi 0,41% ndipo tachometer iwonetsa kuthamanga kwa 0,41% kupitilira liwiro limodzi kuposa ngati matayala "15 atavala.
Poterepa, kusintha kwa liwiro sikokwanira. Koma ngati titasintha, mwachitsanzo, tikamagwiritsa ntchito matayala kuyambira 185/60 R14 mpaka 195/55 R15 pa Škoda Fabia kapena Seat Ibiza, liwiro lidzawonjezeka pafupifupi 3%, ndipo tachometer iwonetsa kuthamanga kwa 3% kochepa chimodzimodzi liwiro kuposa ngati matayala 14 ″.
Kuwerengetsa uku ndi chitsanzo chosavuta cha momwe matayala amathandizira. Pogwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni, kuwonjezera pa kukula kwa zingerengere ndi matayala, kusintha kwa liwiro kumakhudzidwanso ndi kupondaponda kwa matayala, kutsika kwa matayala, komanso, kuthamanga kwa mayendedwe, popeza matayala opindika amapindika poyenda kutengera liwiro. ndi kukhazikika kwapangidwe.
Pomaliza, chidule cha zabwino ndi zoyipa zamatayala akulu komanso otakata pamitundu yayikulu.
| kugwira bwino misewu youma ndi yonyowa | Ntchito yoyendetsa bwino (kusamalira, mabuleki, kugwira) pamalo okutidwa ndi chipale chofewa kapena okutidwa ndi madzi |
| kuyendetsa bwino magalimoto m'misewu youma ndi yonyowa | mawonekedwe a aquaplaning pamiyendo yotsika |
| malo abuleki abwino pamisewu youma ndi yonyowa | kuchuluka kwa mowa |
| makamaka kukonza kapangidwe ka galimoto | kuwonongeka kwa kuyendetsa bwino |
| mtengo wokwera kwambiri komanso kulemera |
