Kodi galimoto imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Kodi mudayamba mwadzifunsapo zomwe zimachitika mgalimoto mukasindikiza chofunda? Madalaivala odziwa zambiri amadziwa bwino momwe makinawa amapangira, motero kuwunika kwathu kungakhale kothandiza kwa oyamba kumene.

Tiyeni tiwone zambiri pokhudzana ndi ntchito yomwe clutch imagwira poyendetsa bwino galimoto, komanso momwe makinawo amagwirira ntchito.

Clutch ndi chiyani ndipo ntchito yake ndi yotani?

Clutch ndi gawo lofunikira pazida zamagalimoto, ntchito yake ndikulumikiza (kusiya) injini ku gearbox. Mwanjira ina, ndi mtundu wa chida chamakina chomwe chimapangidwa kuti chithandizire kutulutsa injini kwakanthawi pamagalimoto.

Kuphatikiza apo, imapereka kufalikira kwa makokedwe ndikuteteza kufalikirako ku zipsyinjo zomwe zimadza chifukwa chambiri, kugwedera, ndi zina zambiri.

Chifukwa chiyani makina amafunikira?

Ingoganizirani kuyendetsa galimoto yokhala ndi injini yolumikizidwa mwachindunji ku gearbox. Pachifukwa ichi, injini sizingatheke, chifukwa choyambira chidzatembenuza galasi, komanso mawilo. Pamene, pakuyendetsa, dalaivala asankha kuyimitsa galimoto, amayenera kuzimitsa injini. Mukayendetsa popanda cholumikizira, injini yamagalimoto anu ipsinjika kwambiri ndipo sidzatha masiku ochepa.

Pofuna kuti izi zisachitike, magalimoto amakhala ndi cholumikizira chomwe chimalola kuti flywheel ya injini ilumikizane bwino ndikudula kuchokera ku shaft gearbox pomwe galimoto ikuyenda. Choncho, zowalamulira ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimapangitsa kusintha magiya popanda vuto lililonse komanso zotsatira zoyipa za injini.

Zigawo zikuluzikulu za zowalamulira ndi

Kuti mumvetse momwe makinawo amagwirira ntchito, muyenera kudziwa zomwe zida zowonjezerazo zimaphatikizira. The zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi:

• litayamba;
• ntchentche;
• mbale zamagetsi;
• kumasula kuchitira;
• mlandu.

Yoyendetsedwa chimbale

Chimbale ichi chili pakati pa flywheel ndi tsamba lapanikizika. Ili ndi zinthu zotsutsana mbali zonse ziwiri (zofananira ndi zida zopumira).

Pamene zowalamulira zikugwira, ndi mwamphamvu clamped, ndi makokedwe imafalikira ndi mikangano. Bokosi loyendetsa la bokosi limalowetsamo, kudzera momwe makokedwewo amapatsira.

Flywheel

Fluwheel idakwera pamphepete mwa injini ndikukhala ngati disc yayikulu. Nthawi zambiri imakhala yophatikizika ndipo imakhala ndimagawo awiri olumikizidwa ndi akasupe.

Anzanu mbale

Ntchito ya gawo ili ndikupanga kukakamiza pa diski yoyendetsedwa. M'magalimoto akale, kupanikizika kumeneku kumapangidwa ndi akasupe a coil, pamene mu zitsanzo zamakono, kupanikizika kumapangidwa ndi kasupe wa diaphragm.

Tulutsani zonyamula

Ntchito yonyamula iyi ndikutulutsa katundu pakasupe pogwiritsa ntchito chingwe kapena ma hydraulic control kuti kutumiza kwa torque kusokonezedwe.

Nyumba

Zida zonse zolumikizira zimasonkhana mnyumba yomweyo kapena chotchedwa "basket". Nyumbayi imagwirizanitsidwa ndi flywheel monga muyezo.

Kodi galimoto imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Galimoto ikayenda, zowalamulira nthawi zonse zimangokhala. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mbale yamagetsi imapanikizika nthawi zonse pa disc disc. Popeza chimbalechi chimalumikizidwa ndi flywheel, yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi crankshaft ya injini, imazungulira nayo kusamutsa torque kuchokera ku injini yamagalimoto kupita ku gearbox.

Chofufumiracho chikangochita tondovi, mphamvu imasamutsidwa kuti izitulutsidwe, zomwe zimachotsanso mbale yolemetsa kuchokera pagalimoto. Chifukwa chake, makokedwe samaperekedwanso kufalitsa ndipo zida zimatha kusinthidwa.

Mukasintha liwiro, cholembera chimangotulutsidwa (chimakwera), mbale yotsatsira ibwerera kumalo ake, ndipo chomenyacho chimayambiranso.

Mitundu yamakina

Ngakhale njira zonsezi zimakhala ndi machitidwe ofanana, amagawika m'magulu angapo:

• kutengera mtundu wamagalimoto;
• ndi mtundu wa kukangana;
• potengera kuchuluka kwa ma disks;
• mwa njira yopangira chinkhoswe.

Kutengera mtundu wa drive

Kutengera mtundu wamagalimoto, mabatani agawika:

• makina;
• hayidiroliki;
• zamagetsi.

Mankhwala

Zipangizo zamakina ndizofala kwambiri pamagalimoto. Mtunduwu umakhala ndi zimbale chimodzi, ziwiri kapena kupitilira apo zomwe zimapanikizika pakati pa akasupe a coil kapena diaphragm. Zipangizo zambiri zamakina ndizouma ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokanikiza chopangira.

Hayidiroliki

Mtundu uwu wa zowalamulira amagwiritsa hayidiroliki madzimadzi kupatsira makokedwe. Ma coupling a hayidiroliki alibe mgwirizano wamakina pakati pagalimoto ndi gawo loyendetsa.

Magetsi

Kusiyanitsa pakati pa magetsi ndi makina opangira ndi kupezeka kwa magetsi pamagetsi. Izi injini ndi adamulowetsa pamene ngo zowalamulira ndi maganizo. Galimoto imayendetsa chingwecho, imachotsa zotulutsa ndikumasula disc yolimbana kuti zisinthe magalasi.

Ndi mtundu wa kukangana

Malinga ndi izi, zolumikizira zimagawika "zowuma" ndi "kunyowa". Ntchito yamagulu "owuma" ndiyotengera mphamvu yakukangana yomwe imabwera chifukwa chothandizana ndi malo owuma: main, compression, drive discs, ndi zina zambiri. Matchere a mbale imodzi "owuma" amapezeka kwambiri pagalimoto yomwe imafalitsa.

M'malo ophatikizana "onyowa", malo okhala mikangano amizidwa m'mafuta. Poyerekeza ndi zowuma zowuma, mtundu uwu umapereka kulumikizana kosalala pakati pa ma disc, malowo amakhazikika bwino ndikutuluka kwamadzimadzi, ndipo zowalamulira zimatha kusunthira kwambiri kufalitsa.

Mwa kuchuluka kwa ma disks

Kutengera ndi muyeso uwu, zolumikizira zitha kugawidwa mu disk imodzi, disk ziwiri ndi disk. Mikwingwirima ya mbale imodzi imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pagalimoto zonyamula anthu, zomata ziwiri zimapangidwa kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito m'matola ndi mabasi akulu, ndipo matumba angapo amagwiritsidwa ntchito njinga zamoto.

Mwa njira yolumikizirana

Masika amanyamula

Mtundu wamtunduwu umagwiritsa ntchito koyilo kapena akasupe a diaphragm kuti agwiritse ntchito kukanikiza mbale kuti mutsegule zowalamulira.

Centrifugal

Monga momwe dzina lawo likusonyezera, makina amtunduwu amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya centrifugal kuti agwiritse ntchito clutch. Alibe ngozi ndipo zowalamulira zimangoyendetsa zokha kutengera kuthamanga kwa injini.

Mitundu yolumikizira ya Centrifugal imagwiritsa ntchito cholemera chomwe chimayikidwa motsutsana ndi fastener. Pamene liwiro la injini likuwonjezeka, mphamvu ya centrifugal imayambitsa cholembera choponderetsa, chomwe chimakankhira polumikizira, ndikupangitsa clutch. Mtundu wamtunduwu sugwiritsidwa ntchito mgalimoto.

Zisanu-centrifugal

Popeza ma centrifuge amangogwira ntchito bwino pomwe injini ikuyenda mothamanga kwambiri komanso osagwira ntchito pothamanga kwambiri, pakufunika zida zoyambira pakati pa centrifugal zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya centrifugal ndi kasupe.

Chifukwa chake, liwiro likakhala labwinobwino, makokedwewo amafalitsidwa ndi mphamvu ya masika, ndipo ikakwera, imafalikira ndi mphamvu ya centrifugal. Mtundu wamtunduwu sunagwiritsidwenso ntchito mgalimoto.

Magetsi

Ndi cholumikizira chamtunduwu, disk yagalimoto imalumikizidwa ndi koyilo ya solenoid. Magetsi akagwiritsidwa ntchito pa coil iyi, imakhala ngati maginito ndipo imakopa disc yotulutsa.

Ndi liti pamene muyenera kulabadira zowalamulira?

Zipolopolozo, monga njira zina zonse, zimakhala ndi katundu wambiri ndipo zimakhala ndi moyo wina wothandizira, womwe umasiyana makilomita 30 mpaka 000, kutengera kapangidwe kake ndi kagwiritsidwe kake ka galimotoyo.

Poganizira izi, akangofika malire awo, pamabuka mavuto omwe akuwonetsa kuti ndi nthawi yoti mubweretse clutch.

Chodziwika bwino cha makinawo ndikuti isanaleke kugwira bwino ntchito yake, zowalamulira "zimachenjeza" kuti sizikuyenda bwino. Ngati mukudziwa zizindikiro zazikulu, mutha kuyankha munthawi yake kuti mupewe zovuta zina.

Zizindikiro zosonyeza kuti clutch imayenera kusintha

Zofewa ngo

Ngati zowalamulira zikugwira ntchito bwino, muyenera kumva kukana pang'ono mukakanikizira. Mukaleka kukana izi ndipo mukakanikizira pansi ndikumira ngati mbale yamafuta, ichi ndi chizindikiro choyambirira kuti clutch ili pafupi kutha kwa moyo wake.

Zotsatira za Slippage

Mudzawona chizindikiro ichi momveka bwino mukamayesa kusintha magiya mukakwera kapena mukukumana. The "slippage" palokha zimachitika chifukwa zowalamulira sangathe kuchita kapena disengage kwathunthu ndi mikangano chimbale pamene inu akanikizire kapena kumasula ngo zowalamulira. Chizindikiro ichi chikuwonetsa kuti makinawo amafunikira chisamaliro ndikusinthidwa kuyenera kuchitidwa posachedwa.

Zimapanga mawu osamveka kapena fungo

Mukasindikiza chojambulira ndikumva kupaka kwazitsulo, 99,9% ya nthawi amatanthauza kuti zina mwazinthu zowonjezerazo zatha. Pamodzi ndi phokoso lachitsulo chosula chitsulo, mutha kununkhiranso fungo losasangalatsa, zomwe zikuwonetsanso kuti clutch ili pafupi kutha kwa moyo wake.

Kugwedezeka kwamphamvu kumamveka

Ngati mukumva kugwedezeka kwachilendo mukamayesera kusuntha magiya ndikukhumudwitsa, ichi ndi chizindikiro china chowotcha chovala. Kugwedera kumatha kuyambitsidwa ndi disc yolumikizira yomwe nthawi ndi nthawi imagwa pamagetsi.

Kutalikitsa moyo wa ntchito zowalamulira, m'pofunika kuchepetsa zimamuchulukira, kusamalira ake kasamalidwe (mwatsatanetsatane za momwe kutalikitsa moyo wa zowalamulira, zafotokozedwa apa). Onetsetsani kuti mwasinthanso ngati muwona zizindikilo zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa.

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani pamene clutch ikanikizidwa? Pamene chopondapo chowongolera chikanikizidwa, ma disc omwe ali mudengu amafalikira kudzera pagalimoto (chingwe kapena ma hydraulics ena), ndipo makokedwe amtundu wa flywheel samaperekedwa ku bokosi la gear.

Kodi clutch imagwira ntchito bwanji m'mawu osavuta? Chopondapo chimakanikizidwa - ma disc omwe ali mudengu amachotsedwa - zida zomwe mukufuna zimayatsidwa - chopondapo chimatulutsidwa - diski yoyendetsedwa imakanikizidwa mwamphamvu motsutsana ndi flywheel - kukankhira kumapita ku gearbox.