Momwe wopanga amapulumutsa pamtengo wogula: zosankha 10

 

"Galimoto imatha kukhala yamtundu uliwonse, koma ngati yakuda", -

anatero Henry Ford za Model wake wotchuka T. Ichi ndi chitsanzo choyamba cha kulimbana kwamuyaya pakati pa opanga ndi ogula. Wopanga makinawo, amayesetsa kusunga ndalama zambiri kwa kasitomala, koma nthawi yomweyo amayesetsa kuchita chilichonse kuti kasitomala azikonda.

Bizinesi yamakono yamagalimoto yodzaza ndi zitsanzo za ndalama zomwe sizabwinobwino, ndipo kenako zimapita mbali kwa eni ake osakayikira. Chomwe chafala kwambiri ndikupangitsa magalimoto kukhala ovuta kukonza. Nawu mndandanda wa maumboni 10 omwe amapezeka kwambiri.

1 Aluminium chipika

Zitsulo zopanda zotayidwa zopanda zingwe zimachepetsa kulemera kwa injini. Kapangidwe kameneka kali ndi mwayi wina: zotayidwa zimakhala ndizotentha kwambiri kuposa zachitsulo. Makoma amiyala mu injini yotere amalumikizidwa ndi nikasil (aloyi wa nickel, aluminium ndi carbides) kapena alusil (wokhala ndi silicon yayikulu).

Kuchita kwa injini yotereyi ndikwabwino kwambiri - ndi yopepuka, ili ndi geometry yabwino kwambiri ya silinda chifukwa cha kupunduka kochepa kwa matenthedwe. Komabe, ngati pakufunika kukonzanso kwakukulu, njira yokhayo yothetsera vutoli ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito manja okonza. Izi zimapangitsa kukonzanso kukhala kokwera mtengo poyerekeza ndi chitsulo chofanana ndi chitsulo.

2 Valavu kusintha

Ma injini ambiri amakono amafunika njira yosasangalatsa, yovuta komanso yokwera mtengo yomwe ili ndi mtunda wokwanira 100-120 makilomita zikwi: kusintha kwa valavu. Zowonadi, ngakhale mayunitsi amitundu yotsika mtengo okhala ndi voliyumu yogwira yopitilira 2 malita amapangidwa popanda okwera pama hydraulic.

Pachifukwa ichi, ndikofunikira kukweza ma camshafts nthawi ndi nthawi ndikusintha zisoti. Izi sizikugwira ntchito pagalimoto zamagalimoto monga Lada ndi Dacia, komanso Nissan X-Trail yokhala ndi injini yamphamvu ya QR25DE. Ku fakitare, kukhazikitsa kumakhala kosavuta, koma ndi njira yolemetsa komanso yovuta ngati ikuchitidwa ndi malo othandizira.

Vutoli nthawi zina limakhudzanso injini zokhala ndi tcheni, zomwe amati zimapangidwira moyo wautali zisanakonze zazikulu. Chitsanzo chabwino ndi injini ya petulo ya 1,6-lita m'mabanja a Hyundai ndi Kia.

3 Njira yotulutsa utsi

Kapangidwe ka kagawo ka utsi ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha ndalama zakuthupi. Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ngati chubu lalitali, losagawanika lomwe limakhala ndi zinthu zonse: kuchokera pamitundu yambiri ndi chosinthira chothandizira kukhala chosakanizira chachikulu.

Izi zikugwira ntchito pamitundu yambiri monga Dacia Dokker. Mwachilengedwe, yankho lotere ndilovuta kwambiri ngati pakufunika kukonza chimodzi mwazigawozo, mwachitsanzo, m'malo mwa chosowa, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimalephera.

Kuti mugwire ntchito yokonza, choyamba muyenera kudula chitoliro. Gawo latsopanolo limalumikizidwa pamakina akale. Njira ina ndikusintha zida zonse momwe zigulitsidwira. Koma ndiotsika mtengo kwa wopanga.

4 Makinawa transmissions

Moyo wamtundu wamtundu uliwonse wamagetsi wokhazikika umadalira kutentha kwawo kogwira ntchito. Komabe, opanga nthawi zambiri amatsitsa njira yozizira yoyendetsera galimoto - kuti asunge ndalama, inde.

Izi zimachitika osati pagalimoto zamagalimoto zokha, komanso nthawi zina pama crossovers akulu, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nkhawa kwambiri pagalimoto. Mibadwo yoyambirira ya Mitsubishi Outlander XL, Citroen C-Crosser ndi Peugeot 4007 ndi zitsanzo zabwino.

Anamangidwa pa nsanja yomweyo. Kuyambira 2010, opanga adasiya kuwonjezera zoziziritsa ku Jatco JF011 drivetrain, zomwe zimapangitsa kudandaula kwamakasitomala katatu. VW's 7-speed DSG ilinso ndi mavuto ndi zowuma zowuma, makamaka zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Ford Powershift.

5 Galimotoyo

Opanga ena samasokoneza shaft yoyendetsa ndipo amagulitsidwa pokhapokha ndi seti ziwiri. M'malo mochotsa cholakwikacho, mwiniwake wa galimotoyo ayenera kugula chida chatsopano, chomwe chimawononga $ 1000.

Choyipa chachikulu kwambiri, lingaliro ili limagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto omwe ali ndi bajeti, omwe eni ake amakakamizidwa mwadzidzidzi kukonzanso pamtengo wokwera kwambiri kuposa mtengo womwewo wamitundu yokhala ndi shaft shaft, ngati Volkswagen Touareg.

6 Pankakhala mayendedwe

Zowonjezerapo, mayendedwe azitsulo akugwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amangosinthidwa ndi kanyumba kapenanso palimodzi ndi kanyumba kake ndi disc.

Njira zoterezi zimapezeka osati ku Lada Niva kokha, komanso mgalimoto zoyeserera, monga Citroen C4 yaposachedwa. Kuphatikiza ndikuti ndikosavuta kusintha "node" yonse. Chokhumudwitsa ndichakuti ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri.

7 Kuyatsa

Makina amagetsi m'galimoto zamasiku ano ndizovuta kwambiri kotero kuti wopanga amakhala ndi mwayi wambiri wochenjera ndikusunga ndalama.

Chitsanzo chabwino ndi mababu oyatsira magetsi, omwe mumitundu yambiri amasinthidwa ndikusintha popanda kulandirana - ngakhale mphamvu yonse imaposa ma watts 100. Izi zili choncho, mwachitsanzo, ndi magalimoto omangidwa pa nsanja ya Renault-Nissan B0 (m'badwo woyamba Captur, Nissan Kicks, Dacia Sandero, Logan ndi Duster I). Ndi iwo, chowunikira chowunikira nthawi zambiri chimayaka pambuyo pa ma kilomita zikwi zingapo.

8 Magetsi

Njira yofananayo imagwiranso ntchito ndi nyali zam'manja. Ngakhale pangakhale phokoso laling'ono pagalasi, muyenera kusinthana ndi Optics yonse, osati chinthu chosweka. M'mbuyomu, mitundu yambiri, monga Volvo 850, imangololeza kusintha kwamagalasi pamtengo wotsika kwambiri.

9 anatsogolera Optics

Zotsatira zatsopano ndizogwiritsa ntchito ma LED m'malo mwa mababu. Ndipo izi sizikugwira ntchito pamagetsi oyenda masana okha, komanso magetsi oyatsa, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale magetsi akumbuyo. Amanyezimira bwino ndikupulumutsa mphamvu, koma ngati diode imodzi yalephera, kuwala konse patsogolo kuyenera kusinthidwa. Ndipo zimawononga nthawi zambiri kuposa masiku onse.

10 Chassis

Pafupifupi magalimoto amakono onse amagwiritsa ntchito njira yodziyimira payokha, yopangidwa ndi gawo limodzi lokhazikika, momwe ziwalo zazikulu za thupi (zitseko, hood ndi tailgate, ngati zili zotchingira kumbuyo kapena ngolo).

Komabe, pansi pa bampala pali chotchinga chotetezera, chomwe chimasokonekera pakukhudzidwa ndikumwa mphamvu. Pa mitundu yambiri, imamangiriridwa kwa mamembala am'mbali. Komabe, mwa ena, monga Logan yoyamba ndi Nissan Almera, imalumikizidwa mwachindunji ku chisiki. Ndi yotsika mtengo komanso yosavuta kwa wopanga. Koma yesani kuzisintha mukangogunda pang'ono.