Momwe mungatenthe injini yozizira? Kutentha kozizira ndi kutentha kwa injini.

Kunyumba kumakhala kotentha komanso kosangalatsa, koma kunja kumazizira, monga ku Russia. Mofanana ndi ife, pamene tifunika kuvala ndi kukonzekera kuthana ndi nyengo yozizira kunjaku, tiyenera kukonzekera - injini imatenthedwa bwino. Kuyamba kozizira kwa injini kumachitika m'nyengo yozizira pa kutentha kochepa kwambiri kuposa m'chilimwe, choncho ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mutenthetse bwino ndikuyendetsa galimoto mphindi zingapo zoyambirira mutangoyamba. Kusamalira mopanda chidwi kwa injini yozizira kumawonjezera kuvala kwa injini komanso kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa injini ndi zida zake.

Njira yotenthe injini ndiyofunika makamaka kwa oyendetsa magalimoto omwe amaimika abambo awo mumsewu. Magalimoto oyimikidwa mu garaja lotenthedwa kapena okhala ndi chowotchera chazokha amafikira kutentha kwakanthawi kale ndipo injini zawo sizikhala zotopa kwambiri kapena zowonongeka.

Vuto la kuzizira kozizira ndi kutentha kotsatira ndi nkhani yomwe imakambidwa pakati pa oyendetsa galimoto, pamene, kumbali imodzi, pali othandizira a chiyambi ndi chiphunzitso cha kayendetsedwe kake, ndipo kumbali ina, chiphunzitso choyambira, dikirani. mphindi kapena ziwiri (yeretsani mazenera), ndiyeno pitani. Ndiye chabwino nchiyani?

Chiphunzitso china

Ndizodziwika bwino kuti zoziziritsa kuzizira zimatenthetsa mwachangu kuposa mafuta a injini. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati singano ya thermometer yozizira ikuwonetsa kale, mwachitsanzo, 60 ° C, kutentha kwa mafuta a injini kungakhale pafupifupi 30 ° C. Amadziwikanso kuti mafuta ozizira amatanthauza mafuta owonjezera. Ndipo mafuta okhuthala amafika poipa kwambiri/ochepa m'malo oyenera, kutanthauza kuti mbali zina za injiniyo zimakhala zofooka/zopaka mafuta pang'ono (mavesi osiyanasiyana a lube, ma camshaft, ma hydraulic valve clearances, kapena ma turbocharger plain bearings). Choncho, ndikofunika kwambiri kuti injini iliyonse imakhala ndi mafuta apamwamba komanso ovomerezeka. Opanga magalimoto nthawi zambiri amafotokozera m'makonzedwe awo amtundu wa SAE wa injini inayake komanso kutengera nyengo yomwe galimotoyo ingayendetsedwe. Motero, mafuta amodzi adzavomerezedwa ku Finland ndi ena kumwera kwa Spain. Monga chitsanzo cha kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a SAE omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri: SAE 15W-40 oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchokera -20 ° C mpaka +45 ° C, SAE 10W-40 (-25 ° C mpaka +35 ° C) , SAE 5W -40 (-30°C mpaka +30°C), SAE 5W 30 (-30°C mpaka +25°C), SAE 0W-30 (-50°C mpaka +30°C).

Poyambitsa injini m'nyengo yozizira, kuvala kochulukira kumawonetsedwa poyerekeza ndi "kutentha", popeza pisitoni (makamaka yopangidwa ndi aloyi ya aluminiyumu) ​​pakadali pano siiri yamphamvu, koma yopangidwa ndi peyala pang'ono. Cylinder yokha, yopangidwa makamaka ndi Fe alloy, imakhala ndi mawonekedwe okhazikika kwambiri kutengera kutentha. Pakayamba kuzizira pamalo ochepa, kuvala kofanana kwakanthawi kochepa kumachitika. Zowonjezera mafuta bwino, komanso kukonza mapangidwe a ma pistoni / ma cylinders okha, kumathandizira kuthana ndi chodabwitsachi. kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zolimba.

Pankhani ya injini zamafuta, palinso chinthu china cholakwika chokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa chosakanikirana chomwe chitha kuyaka, chomwe chimasungunula kanema wamafuta pamakoma amiyala mokulirapo, komanso chifukwa chakuchepa kwamafuta odzaza ndi mafuta, gawo la zomwe zimapindika. pamakoma ochulukirapo ozizira kapena ma silinda. Komabe, mu injini zamakono zoyendetsa bwino, vutoli limachepetsedwa, popeza gawo loyang'anira limagawira mosamala kuchuluka kwa mafuta kutengera chidziwitso cha masensa angapo, omwe ngati injini zosavuta zinali zovuta kapena. pankhani ya injini yosavuta ya carburetor, izi sizinatheke. 

Chiphunzitso chambiri, koma mchitidwe wake ndi uti?

Kutengera ndi zomwe zili pamwambapa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muyambe ndi kusiya njirayo. Cholinga chake ndikuti mpope wamafuta umapanga kuthamanga kwakukulu mukamayendetsa, ndipo mafuta ozizira, omwe ndiocheperako komanso amayenda, makamaka, chifukwa chothinikizidwa kwambiri, amafikira malo onse ofunikira mwachangu. Pa liwiro laulesi, mpope wamafuta umatulutsa kuthamanga kocheperako ndipo mafuta ozizira amayenda pang'onopang'ono. M'madera ena a injini, mafuta amalowa m'malo ena a injini kapena kuchepera, ndipo kuchedwa kumeneku kumatha kutanthauza kuvala kochuluka. Njira yoyambira kuyimilira ndiyofunikira makamaka nthawi yomwe ma kilomita oyandikira adzadutsa bwino momwe angathere. Izi zikutanthauza kuti musamayende pansi kapena kusefukira pomwe injini ikuzizira, ndikuyendetsa mtundu wa injini mu 1700-2500 rpm. Njira yoyambira ndi yoyambira imapindulitsanso kutenthetsa mosalekeza zinthu zina monga kutsatsira kapena kusiyanitsa. Ngati, mutangoyamba kumene, chopinga china chaphompho chimawoneka panjira kapena ngati kalavani yolemetsa yasinthidwa kumbuyo kwa galimotoyo, ndibwino kuyambitsa injini, kupondereza pang'ono cholembera ndi kuyendetsa injini pafupifupi masekondi makumi angapo pafupifupi 1500-2000 rpm mpaka momwe zimayambira.

Oyendetsa magalimoto ambiri amayendetsa galimoto yomwe, poyendetsa bwino, imayamba kutentha mpaka pafupifupi 10-15 km. Vutoli limakhudza kwambiri magalimoto achikulire omwe ali ndi injini za jekeseni zachindunji zomwe zilibe zotentha zamagetsi zothandizira. Cholinga chake ndikuti motors zotere ndizochuma kwambiri, zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri ndipo, chifukwa chake, zimatulutsa kutentha pang'ono. Ngati tikufuna kuti injini yotere izitha kutenthedwa mwachangu, tiyenera kuyipatsa katundu wofunikira, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti injini yotere imafunda msanga pokhapokha mukuyendetsa, osangokhala kwinakwake pamalo oimikapo magalimoto.

Kutentha kwa kutentha kumasiyana kwambiri ndi mtundu wa injini, motero. imayaka mafuta otani. Ngakhale kuti injini za dizilo zakhala zikuyenda bwino komanso kuwongolera kutentha kwa injini za dizilo, mwachizoloŵezi, injini za petulo zimatentha mosavuta komanso mofulumira. Ngakhale kuti amadya pang'ono, ndi abwino kwambiri kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri mumzinda ndipo m'nyengo yozizira kwambiri amayambanso bwino. Ma injini a dizilo amatenga nthawi yayitali kuti atenthedwe ndipo, potengera momwe angagwiritsire ntchito, alibenso machitidwe osiyanasiyana otsekera zinthu zowononga mu mpweya wotulutsa mpweya. Mwachidule, munthu akhoza kulemba kuti pamene injini yaing'ono ya petulo imakhala yovuta kwambiri ndipo imatenthedwabe pambuyo pa 5 km yoyendetsa bwino, dizilo imafunikira min. 15-20 Km. Kumbukirani kuti chinthu choyipa kwambiri cha injini ndi zigawo zake (komanso batire) chimabwerezedwa kuzizira kumayamba pamene injini ilibe nthawi yotenthetsa pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, ngati mudazimitsa kale ndikuyambitsa injini yozizira / yozizira nthawi zambiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiyendetse pafupifupi 20 km.

Chidule cha malamulo a 5

• ngati n'kotheka, yambani injini ndikuisiya pa masekondi pang'ono
• ulesi injini pokhapokha ngati kuli kofunikira
• kupondereza cholembera chamagetsi bwino, osatsikira pansi ndipo osatembenuza injini mosafunikira.
• gwiritsani mafuta abwino kwambiri omwe wopanga amapanga ndi viscosity yoyenera
• Mukazimitsa kangapo ndikuyambitsa injini yozizira / yachisanu, ndikofunikira kuyendetsa pafupifupi 20 km.