Kodi makalasi amgalimoto amatsimikiziridwa bwanji?

Wogulitsa galimoto aliyense wamvapo mawu oti "kalasi yamagalimoto", koma ndi anthu ochepa okha omwe amadziwa momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito pogawa magalimoto. Tiyenera kufotokozera pano kuti sitikulankhula za luso kapena zapamwamba, koma za kukula kwake. Chowonadi chake ndikuti zopanga zamagalimoto apamwamba monga Mercedes-Benz ndi BMW, mwachitsanzo, nthawi zambiri amakhala m'magulu apamwamba, mosasamala kukula kwawo kapena mphamvu zawo.

Gulu la ku Europe

Njira yomwe Economic Commission ku Europe imagwiritsa ntchito ndiyomveka choncho ndiyofala kwambiri. Mwanjira ina, gawo ili ndiloperekanso, chifukwa limakhazikitsidwa osati kokha kukula ndi mphamvu, komanso limaganizira msika womwe ukulozera womwe galimotoyo imayang'ana. Izi, zimadzetsa kusiyana pakati pa mitunduyo, yomwe ingadabwe ena.

Makinawa amagawa magalimoto onse m'magulu awa:

• A (mini-galimoto);
• B (magalimoto ang'onoang'ono, kalasi yaying'ono);
• C (magalimoto apakatikati, mawu ena ndi "Golf Class", yotchedwa dzina la mtundu wotchuka kwambiri mgawo ili);
• D (magalimoto akuluakulu, apakatikati);
• E (premium, mitundu yapakatikati);
• F (gulu lapamwamba. Magalimoto amasiyanitsidwa ndi kukwera mtengo komanso chitonthozo chowonjezeka).

Njirayi imasankhanso ma SUV, ma minivans ndi magalimoto amasewera (roadster ndi otembenuka). Komabe, pankhaniyi palibenso malire ovuta, chifukwa sizikutanthauza kukula kwake. Chitsanzo cha izi ndi m'badwo waposachedwa wa BMW 3-Series. Ndi kutalika kwa 85 mm kuposa oimira mkalasi iyi, ndipo mtunda pakati pa ma axel ukuwonjezeka ndi 41 mm.

Chitsanzo china ndi Skoda Octavia. Pomwepo, mtunduwu ndi wa kalasi "C", koma ndi wokulirapo kuposa omwe amawaimira. Ichi ndichifukwa chake zolemba zina (kuphatikiza chikwangwani), monga B + ndi C +, zafotokozedwera magalimoto amenewa, omwe amakhala okulirapo kuposa ambiri mkalasi.

Kupatula Mercedes-Benz

Apa ndikofunika kulingalira kuti magawo omwe adatengedwa ku Europe sagwira ntchito kumitundu ya Mercedes. Mwachitsanzo, makalasi A ndi B amagwera m'gulu la "C", ndi mtundu wa C-Class - mu "D". Mtundu wokhawo womwe umagwirizana mkalasi ndi E-Class.

Gulu laku America

Zinthu zakunja ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi ku Europe, ngakhale kuli kwakuti pali zina zomwe zikuchitika. Mpaka zaka za m'ma 80 za m'zaka zapitazi, mtunda wapakati ndiye gawo loyambirira pagalimoto.

Mu 1985, komabe, izi zidasintha. Kuyambira pamenepo, kanyumba kanyumba kakhala muyeso. Lingaliro ndilakuti choyambirira cha parameter ichi chiyenera kuuza kasitomala momwe zingakhalire bwino mgalimoto.

Chifukwa chake, mtundu waku America uli motere:

• Zolemba zazing'ono (zoyimira zazing'ono kwambiri) zokhala ndi kanyumba kofika masentimita 85 mainchesi, zomwe zimafotokozera za "A" ndi "B" aku Europe;
• Magalimoto ang'onoang'ono (85-99,9 cu.d.) ali pafupi ndi mtundu wa ku Ulaya "C";
• Magalimoto apakatikati (110-119,9 cubic metres) ali pafupi ndi kalasi D malinga ndi dongosolo la ku Europe;
• Magalimoto akulu kapena magalimoto athunthu (opitilira 120 cc). Gululi limaphatikizapo magalimoto ofanana ndi aku Europe kalasi E kapena F.

Sedan ndi ma station station ku North America amagwera m'magulu ena:

• ngolo yaying'ono (mpaka masentimita 130);
• ngolo yapakatikati (mainchesi 130-160);
• ngolo yayikulu (yopitilira ma cubic 160).

Kuphatikiza apo, makina omwewo amagwiranso ntchito pagalimoto zamtunda, zomwe zimagawika m'magulu a SUV ophatikizika, apakatikati komanso athunthu.

Gulu laku Japan

Chionetsero chowoneka momwe kapangidwe kamagawo amatengera kutengera kwamagalimoto omwe angapezeke ku Japan. Chitsanzo cha izi ndi "kei-car", yomwe imakonda kwambiri mdzikolo.

Amayimira gawo limodzi pagulu lamagalimoto aku Japan. Kukula kwake ndi malongosoledwe a magalimoto amenewa amayendetsedwa molingana ndi misonkho ndi inshuwaransi yakomweko.

Magawo a magalimoto a Kei adayambitsidwa mu 1949, ndipo kusintha komaliza kunachitika pa Okutobala 1, 1998. Pansi pa mawu, makina amenewa akhoza kuonedwa ngati galimoto ndi kutalika kwa 3400 mm, m'lifupi mpaka 1480 mm ndi kutalika kwa 2000 mm. Injini imatha kusamuka kwambiri mpaka 660 cc. masentimita ndi mphamvu mpaka 64 hp, ndi katundu mphamvu ndi 350 makilogalamu.

Ku Japan, pali mitundu iwiri ya magalimoto, koma zonse sizimamveka bwino, ndipo malamulo nthawi zina amanyalanyazidwa. Kwa magalimoto ang'onoang'ono, kutalika sikuposa 4700 mm, m'lifupi mwake ndi 1700 mm, ndi kutalika kwa 2000 mm. Kuchuluka kwa injini sikuyenera kupitirira malita 2,0. Magalimoto akuluakulu ndi gawo la kalasi yabwinobwino yamagalimoto.

Gulu lachi China

Achi China amakhalanso ndi makina awo opangidwa ndi China Automotive Technology and Research Center (CATARC). Zimaphatikizapo:

• magalimoto ang'onoang'ono (kutalika mpaka 4000 mm, mwachitsanzo ofanana ndi European A ndi B);
• Gulu A (mavoliyumu awiri thupi, kutalika kuchokera 4000 mpaka 4500 mm ndi injini mpaka 1,6 malita);
• Gawo B (kutalika kupitirira 4500 mm ndi injini yopitilira 1,6 malita);
• magalimoto osiyanasiyana (mizere yopitilira iwiri yamipando munyumba);
• magalimoto othandizira masewera (ma crossovers ndi ma SUV).

Popeza izi, musanagule galimoto yomwe sikuti idapangidwe pamsika wakomweko, muyenera kufotokoza zomwe zingalepheretse gulu lomwe likugwirizana. Izi zithandizira kupewa kusamvana mukalembetsa galimoto kapena kubweza ndalama zambiri kuti mupatse ziphaso.

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Чkalasi yamagalimoto ndi chiyani? Ichi ndi gulu la magalimoto malinga ndi miyeso yawo, kukhalapo kwa masinthidwe ena mu dongosolo la chitonthozo. Ndi mwambo kusankha kalasi yokhala ndi zilembo zachilatini A-E.

Ndi magulu anji a magalimoto omwe alipo ndipo amasiyana bwanji? A - galimoto yaying'ono, B - galimoto yaying'ono, C - kalasi yapakatikati, galimoto yaku Europe, D - galimoto yayikulu yabanja, E - kalasi yamabizinesi. Kusiyanasiyana kwa kukula ndi dongosolo la chitonthozo.

Ndi galimoto iti yomwe ili pamwamba pa kalasi? Kuphatikiza pa makalasi asanu, palinso lachisanu ndi chimodzi - F. Magalimoto onse akuluakulu ndi ake. Kalasi iyi imatengedwa kuti ndi yapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo zitsanzo zimatha kukhala zosawerengeka kapena zopangidwa mwamakonda.