Momwe mungasungire batire yamagalimoto anu

Kusungirako batire lagalimoto

Ntchito yayikulu ya batri mgalimoto ndikuyambitsa injini. Chifukwa chake, kukhazikika kwa "kavalo wanu wachitsulo" kumatengera momwe angagwiritsire ntchito. Nthawi yowopsa kwambiri pa batri ndi nthawi yozizira, popeza nthawi yayitali kuzizira imakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a batri lililonse, ndipo batire yamagalimoto imachitanso chimodzimodzi.

Munkhaniyi tikambirana zamomwe mungakonzekerere batri nthawi yachisanu komanso momwe mungasungire moyenera kuti izakutumikirani mokhulupirika kwazaka zambiri.

Mitundu ya batri

Pali mitundu itatu yayikulu yamabatire:

• Kutumikiridwa. Mabatire awa amadzazidwa ndi ma electrolyte amadzimadzi. Pogwiritsira ntchito zamagetsi zamagalimoto, madzi ochokera m'zitini amasanduka nthunzi, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti nthawi ndi nthawi muziyang'ana mulingo wamagetsi ndi kachulukidwe kake. Kuti muchite njirazi, mabowo owonera amapangidwa m'mabanki.

• Kusamalira pang'ono. Zosinthazi zili ndi bowo limodzi lokutira ndipo zili ndi valavu (zomwe zimapangidwira ndi mphira wosagwiritsa ntchito asidi). Kapangidwe kameneka kamachepetsa kutayika kwa madzi kuchokera ku electrolyte. Vutoli likakwera, valavu imayambitsidwa kuti ipewe kukhumudwa kwa thupi.
• Osasamaliridwa. M'mabatire otere, gassing imachepetsedwa. Izi zitha kuchitika mwa kuwongolera mpweya wopangidwa pafupi ndi ma elekitirodi abwino kupita ku cholakwika, momwe ungachitire ndi hydrogen, pomwe madzi omwe amasanduka nthunzi nthawi yomweyo amabwerera kumalo amadzimadzi. Kuti mufulumire izi, thickener imawonjezeredwa ku electrolyte. Imagwira ma thovu a oxygen munjira, zomwe zimawapangitsa kuti athe kugunda ma elekitirodi olakwika. Mukusintha kwina, maelekitirodi amadzi amapitilirabe kutsanulidwa, koma kuti maelekitirodi anyowe, ulusi wamagalasi okhala ndi ma pores owoneka bwino amaikidwa. Mitundu yotereyi yamagetsi imagwira ntchito bwino poyerekeza ndi ma gel, koma chifukwa chakumangika kwakanthawi kwamadzimadzi ndi ndodo, gwero lawo ndilofupikitsa.

Gulu la mabatire omwe amatumizidwa komanso osamalira bwino ndi awa:

1. Ngati mbale zotsogola zili ndi antimony yoposa 5%, ndiye kusinthaku kumatchedwa antimony. Izi zimawonjezeredwa kuti zichepetse kuwonongeka kwa mtovu. Kuipa kwa mabatire otere ndi njira yowonjezeretsa ya sulfation (nthawi zambiri mumayenera kuthira distillate), kotero masiku ano sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri.
2. Kusintha kotsika kwa antimony mu mbale zotsogola kumakhala ndi antimony yochepera 5%, yomwe imakulitsa magwiridwe antchito a mabatire (amasungidwa nthawi yayitali ndikukhala ndi chiwongolero chabwino).
3. Mabatire a calcium ali ndi calcium m'malo mwa antimony. Zitsanzo zoterezi zawonjezeka kwambiri. Madzi omwe ali mmenemo samasanduka nthunzi mwamphamvu ngati momwe zimakhalira ndi antimoni, koma amatengeka ndikamadzi akumwa kwambiri. Woyendetsa sayenera kuloledwa kutulutsa batiri, apo ayi limalephera mwachangu.
4. Mabatire a haibridi ali ndi antimoni ndi calcium. Mbale zabwino zimakhala ndi antimoni, ndipo zoyipa zimakhala ndi calcium. Kuphatikizaku kumakupatsani mwayi wopeza "tanthauzo lagolide" pakati pakudalirika ndi magwiridwe antchito. Sakhala omvera kutulutsa monga anzawo a calcium.

Mabatire opanda zokonza amalimbana ndi kudzitulutsa (kutentha kwa +20, amataya 2% yokha yamitengo yawo pamwezi). Samatulutsa utsi wakupha. Gululi likuphatikiza:

1. Gel osakaniza. M'malo mwa ma electrolyte amadzimadzi, mabatire awa amadzazidwa ndi gelisi ya silika. Mukusintha koteroko, kuyanika ndi kuphwanyidwa kwa mbale sikuphatikizidwa. Amakhala ndi mayendedwe okwanira 600 / kutulutsa, koma amafunikira kulipira kwakukulu, chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito ma charger apadera a izi.
2. AGM (yotengera). Mabatirewa amagwiritsa ntchito ma elekitirodi amadzimadzi. Pakati pa mbale zotsogola pali galasi yamagalasi yapawiri yapadera. Gawo labwino kwambiri limalumikizana nthawi zonse ndi mbale ndi electrolyte, ndipo gawo lalikulu-pore limapereka thovu la oxygen yomwe imapangidwira kuma mbale ena kuti achite ndi hydrogen. Sakusowa chindapusa chenicheni, koma voliyumu ikakwera, vutolo limatha kutupa. Resource - mpaka 300 mayendedwe.

Kodi ndikufunika kuchotsa batire m'nyengo yozizira

Madalaivala onse amagawika m'magulu awiri. Ena amakhulupirira kuti batiri limazindikira kutentha pang'ono, chifukwa chake, kuti ayambe injini mwachangu, amachotsa batiri usiku. Otsatirawa ali otsimikiza kuti njirayi imatha kuwononga zamagetsi pamakinawo (kugwetsa zosintha).

Mabatire amakono amalimbana ndi chisanu, kotero mabatire atsopano omwe sanathetse chuma chawo safunikira kusungidwa mchipinda chotentha. Electrolyte mwa iwo imakhala ndi kuchuluka kokwanira kuti iteteze madzi.

Pankhani yazitsanzo zakale zomwe zatsala pang'ono kuthana ndi zida zawo, njirayi idzawonjezera pang'ono "moyo" wa batri. Kuzizira, mu electrolyte yomwe yataya kachulukidwe kake, madzi amatha kulumikizana, chifukwa chake samasiyidwa nthawi yayitali kuzizira. Komabe, njirayi ndiyanthawi yochepa musanagule batiri yatsopano (momwe mungayang'anire batri, werengani apa). Mphamvu yakale imamwalira pamlingo womwewo, kuzizira komanso kutentha.

Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisiye batiri ngati galimotoyo ikungokhala kwa nthawi yayitali. Pali zifukwa ziwiri izi. Choyamba, ngakhale zida zitazimitsidwa, magetsi amayendetsedwa, ndipo ma microcurrents amayenda pambali pake. Kachiwiri, batire lamphamvu lolumikizidwa lomwe silikuyang'aniridwa ndi lomwe lingayambitse kuyatsa.

Kukonzekera batire m'nyengo yozizira

Nthawi yopuma yayitali yozizira imapangitsa kuti batire lithe msanga. Izi ndizowona, ndipo palibe komwe tingachokeko, koma ndizotheka kuchepetsa kuwonongeka komwe kumayambitsa zamagetsi. Kuti muchite izi, ingochotsani malo amodzi pa batri yanu. Izi sizingakhudze momwe galimoto iliri, moyipa kwambiri, koma mudzapulumutsa zinthu zambiri pakufunika kugwira ntchito kuzizira. Tikukulangizani kuti musiye kuyanjana koyambirira, kenako kukhudzana. Izi zimapewa maulendo amfupi.

Batire yowuma (yowuma).

Choyambirira, batire liyenera kuchotsedwa ndikuyeretsedwa ndi kuipitsidwa. Chotsatira ndicho kumasula mapulagi ndikuwona mulingo wa electrolyte. Momwemo, iyenera kukhala mamilimita 12-13. Izi ndi zokwanira kuphimba mbale mumitsuko. Ngati palibe madzi okwanira, onjezerani madzi osungunuka pa batri. Chitani pang'onopang'ono, pang'ono pang'ono, kuti musapitirire.

Chotsatira, muyenera kuwona kachulukidwe ka electrolyte. Pachifukwa ichi, chida chapadera chotchedwa hydrometer chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Thirani ma electrolyte mu botolo ndikukwaniritsa zoyandama kuti zisakhudze makoma ndi pansi. Chotsatira, yang'anani zolembera, zomwe ziwonetsa kuchuluka kwake. Chizindikiro chachizolowezi chimayambira 1.25-1.29 g / m³. Ngati kuchulukako kuli kocheperako, acid iyenera kuwonjezedwa, ndipo ngati ingakhululuke, imasungidwenso. Dziwani kuti muyeso uwu uyenera kutengedwa kutentha.

Ntchito yayikulu ikamalizidwa, pukutani mapulagi kubwerera m'malo mwake, ndikupukuta mosamala batireyo ndi chiguduli choviikidwa mu soda. Izi zichotsa zotsalira za asidi mmenemo. Komanso, mutha kuthira mafutawo mafuta ophatikizira, izi sizitenga nthawi yambiri, koma zidzawonjezera moyo wa batri.

Tsopano kukulunga batani mu chiguduli ndikutumiza mosamala kuti akasungidwe kwanthawi yayitali.

Batire la gel osakaniza

Mabatire a Gel sakhala osamalidwa motero ndiosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Ndipo iwowo amalimbana modabwitsa ndi zochitika zilizonse zam'mlengalenga. Zomwe mabatire oterewa amapanganso mphamvu zake. Chifukwa chake, zovuta zina zilizonse ndi iwo ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kwambiri.

Kukonzekera batri yanu ya gelisi m'nyengo yozizira, gawo loyamba ndikulipiritsa. Ndipo m'pofunika kuchita izi kutentha. Chotsatira, tulutsani motsatana malo - osakhala abwino, kenako abwino, ndi kutumiza batri kuti lisungidwe kwanthawi yayitali.

Mabatire a lead acid (omwe ali ndi electrolyte)

Mutha kutumiza batiri lotere kuti lisungidwe mu mawonekedwe okhaokha. Chifukwa chake, choyambirira, yang'anani mulingo woyang'anira ndi multimeter. Chida chosavuta komanso chotchipa ichi chingapezeke pamalo aliwonse ogulitsira zamagetsi.

Mpweya wa batri uyenera kukhala 12,7 V. Ngati mupeza mtengo wotsika, ndiye kuti batire liyenera kulumikizidwa ndi mphamvu.

Mukafika pamtengo wofunikira, chotsani motsatana ma terminals, ndikutumiza batiri kuti lisungidwe, mutakulunga kale ndi bulangeti lakale.

Momwe ndi komwe mungasungire batri m'nyengo yozizira

Pali malamulo ambiri osungira mabatire, kutsatira izi, mudzawonjezera nthawi yayitali pantchito yawo. Tiyeni tione izi mwatsatanetsatane:

• Batiri liyenera kusungidwa m'chipinda chokhala ndi mpweya wabwino komanso chotentha. Momwemo, kutentha kwa mpweya kuyenera kukhala pakati pa 5-10 madigiri.
• Dzuwa ndi fumbi lenileni zimatha kuyambitsa batire kutaya ntchito yake yoyambirira. Tetezani ndi nsalu yolimba.
• Ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti mulingo woloza mu batriyo sukugwa pansi pamayeso ovuta, chifukwa ndikutsika kwamphamvu kwamagetsi, imasiya kugwira. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muwone batiri kuti ikutuluka kamodzi pamwezi.

Kenako, tiwona mawonekedwe a kuvulala kwamtundu uliwonse wa batri.

Mabatire okhala ndi electrolyte

M'mabatire otere, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kulipidwa ku mapulagi, chifukwa amatha kumasuka pakapita nthawi, yomwe ili ndi kutayikira komanso kuwonongeka kwa ma electrolyte. Komanso, yesetsani kutentha kwa chipinda kuti pasakhale kusinthasintha kwakukulu, chifukwa izi zimatha kuyambitsa kusinthasintha kwamagetsi mu batri.

Mabatire owuma

Mabatire otere amatha kusokoneza thupi la munthu, chifukwa chake muyenera kusamala kwambiri mukamawasunga.

Chonde dziwani kuti mabatire omwe adalamulidwa ndiuma amasungidwa mozungulira kokha. Kupanda kutero, ngati maelekitirodi amtundu wa electrolyte ayamba kudziunjikira osati pansi, koma pamakoma a zitini, mayendedwe achidule atha kuchitika.

Mwa njira, za chitetezo. Sungani mabatire awa patali ndi ana. Mfundo yaikulu ndi yakuti asidi omwe ali mmenemo akhoza kuvulaza khungu la munthu. Ndipo chinthu china chofunikira kwambiri - pakukweza, batire limatulutsa hydrogen yophulika. Izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa ndikupangidwanso kutali ndi moto.

Mabatire a gel osakaniza

Mabatire amenewa ndi osavuta kusunga. Amafuna kubweza nthawi zina - kamodzi pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndipo amatha kupirira kutentha kozungulira. Malire ochepera ali pamadigiri 35, ndipo malire apamwamba ndiopitilira 65. Zachidziwikire, m'malo mwathu mulibe kusinthasintha kotere.

Kusunga batire yagalimoto yatsopano

Akatswiri samalimbikitsa kuti mugule batiri pasadakhale kuti mudzalowe m'malo mwa lotha ntchito mtsogolo. Isanafike pakauntala ya sitolo, batireyo imakhalabe m'nyumba yosungira zinthu kwakanthawi. Ndizovuta kudziwa kuti zitenga nthawi yayitali bwanji mpaka itagwera m'manja mwa wogula, chifukwa chake muyenera kugula mtundu wina posakhalitsa.

Mabatire omwe amawuma amatha kusungidwa kwa zaka zitatu (nthawi zonse pamalo owongoka), chifukwa palibe zomwe zimachitika m'mankhwalawo. Mukatha kugula, ndikwanira kuthira ma electrolyte (osasungunula madzi) mumitsuko ndi kulipiritsa.

Mabatire amafuta amafunika kukonza nthawi ndi nthawi posungira, kotero mulingo wa electrolyte, kuchaji ndi kachulukidwe kake kuyenera kufufuzidwa. Kusunga kwakanthawi kwa mabatire otere sikuvomerezeka chifukwa ngakhale ali phee, pang'onopang'ono amataya mphamvu.

Musanayike batire posungira, liyenera kulipidwa mokwanira, kuyikidwa mchipinda chamdima chokhala ndi mpweya wabwino kutali ndi zida zotenthetsera (werengani momwe mungakulitsire moyo wa batri mkati nkhani ina).

Kodi n'zotheka kusunga batire pozizira

Monga tanenera kale, mabatire atsopano saopa chisanu, komabe, poyambitsa mota yomwe yazizira nthawi yozizira, pamafunika mphamvu zambiri. Ma electrolyte oundana amataya mphamvu zake ndikubwezeretsanso pang'onopang'ono. Kuchepetsa kutentha kwa madzi, batiri limatulutsidwa mwachangu, chifukwa chake siligwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali kuti lisinthe poyambira.

Ngati woyendetsa galimoto samabweretsa batire m'chipinda chofunda usiku, amatha kuteteza madzi amzitini kuti asazizire. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kuchita izi:

• gwiritsirani ntchito chivundikiro champhamvu champhamvu usiku;
• pewani mpweya wozizira kuti usalowe mchipinda cha injini (ena amaika katoni pakati pa rediyeta ndi grille, yomwe imatha kuchotsedwa poyendetsa);
• mutayenda ulendo, galimotoyo imatha kuphimbidwa ndi batri kuti isazime.

Ngati dalaivala aona kuchepa kwakukulu kwa magwiridwe antchito amagetsi, ndiye kuti ndi mbendera kuti asinthanitse ndi yatsopano. Kuyendera tsiku ndi tsiku kupita kuchipinda chotentha usiku wonse sikungathandize kwenikweni. Ndiyeneranso kuganizira kuti kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha (madigiri pafupifupi 40) kumathandizira kuwonongeka kwa maselo, chifukwa chake batire lomwe lachotsedwa mgalimoto liyenera kusungidwa m'chipinda chozizira.

Momwe mungasungire batri

Kusunga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito batri kuyenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi malangizo a opanga. Malingana ngati batriyo ndi yatsopano, chinthu ichi ndichofunikira, kaya chidzapatsidwa chitsimikizo kapena ayi.

Chitetezo cha gwero lamagetsi, thupi lake liyenera kukhala lathunthu, sipayenera kukhala zotchinga kapena dothi - makamaka pachikuto pakati pa omwe alumikizanawo. Batri loyikidwa mgalimoto liyenera kukhala pampando.

Oyendetsa magalimoto ena amanyamula batire yachiwiri mgalimoto yawo kuti asungidwe. Izi siziyenera kuchitidwa chifukwa batiri loyimbidwa liyenera kusungidwa modekha komanso kutentha pang'ono. Ngati pakufunika batiri lowonjezera, liyenera kulumikizidwa kudera lomwelo ndi lalikulu.

Kodi batire lingasungidwe kwanthawi yayitali bwanji osachangidwanso?

Ziribe kanthu momwe batiri ilili labwino, liyenera kusungidwa moyenera. Zinthu zazikulu zofunika kuziganizira ndi izi:

• firiji kuchokera ku 0 mpaka 15 madigiri, malo ouma (pazosankha zama gel, mulingo uwu umayambira -35 mpaka +60 madigiri);
• kuwunika kwakanthawi pamagetsi otseguka (ngati chizindikirocho sichichepera 12,5 V. kubwezeretsanso kumafunika);
• mulingo wa batire watsopano sayenera kutsika kuposa 12,6 V.

Ngati zosakanizazo zisakugwira ntchito kwa miyezi 14, chindapusa chidzatsika ndi 40%, ndipo calcium imafikira chiwerengerochi mkati mwa miyezi 18-20 yosagwira. Zosintha zouma zouma zimakhalabe zogwira ntchito kwa zaka zitatu. Popeza batiri si chinthu chagalimoto chomwe chingasungidwe kwa nthawi yayitali, sipayenera kukhala nthawi yochulukirapo pakati pakupanga ndi kukhazikitsa mgalimoto.

Kubwezeretsa kwa batri yagalimoto pambuyo pa nyengo yozizira

Ngati mwakumana ndi zosungira zonse za batri - nthawi ndi nthawi mumayang'anitsitsa ndikuyang'ana ma elekitirodi, ndiye kuti imatha kuyikidwa nthawi yomweyo pagalimoto. Zisanachitike, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mupanganenso matendawa kuti mupewe "zodabwitsa" zosasangalatsa. Za ichi:

• Onaninso mulingo wama batri ndi multimeter ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, mugwirizane ndi magetsi. Kumbukirani kuti mulingo woyenera wamagetsi ndi 12,5V ndi pamwambapa.
• Kuyeza kachulukidwe ka electrolyte. Chizolowezi chake ndi 1,25, koma chiwerengerochi chikuyenera kuwunikidwa kawiri pazolemba za batri, chifukwa zimatha kusiyanasiyana.
• Unikani mlanduwo mosamala ndipo mukawona kutuluka kwa ma electrolyte, pukutani ndi yankho la soda.

Momwe mungasungire batri kwa nthawi yayitali

Ngati pakufunika kusungidwa kwa batri kwanthawi yayitali (galimotoyo "imasungidwa" m'nyengo yozizira kapena kukonza yayitali ikufunika), ndiye kuti itetezeke iyenera kukonzedwa bwino, kenako ndikubwezeretsanso kuntchito.

Timachotsa batire kuti tisunge

Batri imasungidwa ndi boric acid. Imachedwetsa njira yakuwonongeka kwa mbale. Njirayi imachitika motere:

• Batire yadzazidwa;
• ufa uyenera kuchepetsedwa m'madzi osungunuka molingana ndi 1 tsp. galasi (mutha kugulanso njira yothira kale ya boric - 10%);
• mothandizidwa ndi aerometer, pang'onopang'ono tengani electrolyte (pafupifupi njirayi itenga mphindi 20);
• kuchotsa zotsalira za electrolyte, tsukani zitini ndi madzi osungunuka;
• lembani zotengera ndi boron yankho ndikutseka mwamphamvu ma cork pazitini;
• chitani zolumikizana ndi wothandizila antioxidant, mwachitsanzo, vaseline waluso;
• Batri yosungidwa iyenera kusungidwa kutentha kuchokera pa 0 mpaka +10 madigiri kutuluka kwa dzuwa.

 M'dzikoli, batiri limatha kusungidwa kwa chaka chimodzi kapena kupitilira apo. Ndikofunikira kuti magetsi azikhala bwino. Pachifukwa ichi, mbalezo zimizidwa mu yankho ndipo sizikhala ndi oxidize.

Timabwezera ntchito ya batri yosungidwa

Kuti mubwezeretse batiri, muyenera kuchita izi:

• pang'onopang'ono ndi mosamala kukhetsa yankho la boric (ndi aerometer kapena syringe yayitali);
• mitsuko iyenera kutsukidwa (itengeni ndi madzi oyera osungunuka, siyani kwa mphindi 10-15. Bwerezani njirayi kawiri);
• zotengera zowuma (mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chowumitsira tsitsi nthawi zonse kapena pomanga);
• Thirani electrolyte (kukhala otetezeka kugula m'galimoto), kachulukidwe kake komwe kali pafupifupi 1,28 g / cm³, ndipo dikirani mpaka zomwe zimayambira ziyambira m'mabanki;
• Musanalumikizitse magetsi pamagetsi amgalimoto, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa ma electrolyte sikutsika. Kupanda kutero, batriyo imafunika kulipiritsa.

Pomaliza, chikumbutso chaching'ono. Woyendetsa galimoto aliyense ayenera kukumbukira: batiri ikadulidwa, kutulutsa kumachotsedwa koyamba malo osungira, kenako - kuphatikiza. Mphamvu yamagetsi imalumikizidwa mosinthika - kuphatikiza, kenako kuchotsera.

Zokwanira. Tsopano mutha kuyika batire molimba mtima mgalimoto ndikuyatsa.

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Momwe mungasungire batri m'nyumba? Chipindacho chiyenera kukhala chouma komanso chozizira (kutentha kuyenera kukhala pakati pa +10 ndi +15 madigiri). Siziyenera kusungidwa pafupi ndi mabatire kapena zida zina zotenthetsera.

Ndi njira iti yabwino yosungitsira batire kuti ili ndi chaji kapena kutulutsidwa? Kuti asungidwe, batire iyenera kuyikidwa pamalo oyimitsidwa, ndipo mulingo wa charger uyenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Magetsi ochepera 12 V angayambitse sulphate ya mbale zotsogolera.