Momwe imagwirira ntchito: Bokosi la CVT

Zakhala zikudziwika kale kuti kufalitsa mgalimoto kumakupatsani mwayi wogawa makokedwe omwe amapanga magetsi. Izi ndizofunikira pakuwongolera kosalala kapena kwamphamvu kwagalimoto. Dalaivala amakhala ndi injini ya rpm, kuilepheretsa kuti isakwere kwambiri.

Ponena za kufalitsa kwamanja, za chida chake komanso momwe mungasungire nthawi yayitali, tanena kale. Ndipo izi zikuwoneka kuti ndizovuta. Tiyeni tikambirane za cvt: ndi mtundu wanji wa makina, ntchito yake komanso ngati kuli koyenera kutenga galimoto yomwe imafalitsa chimodzimodzi.

Kodi bokosi la CVT ndi chiyani

Ichi ndi mtundu wa kufala zodziwikiratu. Ili m'gulu lakutumiza kosiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Chinthu chake chodziwika ndi chakuti kusiyanasiyana kumapereka kusintha kosasintha kwama magiya m'magawo ang'onoang'ono omwe sangathe kupezeka pamakina.

Imakhala ndi magalimoto ogwira ntchito moyang'aniridwa ndi zida zamagetsi. Chipangizochi chimagawa chimodzimodzi katundu wochokera ku injini molingana ndi kukana komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamavili oyendetsa galimotoyo.

Kusuntha kwamagalimoto kumachitika bwino - dalaivala nthawi zina samazindikira ngakhale momwe magwiridwe antchito amasinthira. Izi zimapangitsa kuti kukwera kukhale bwino.

Chipangizo chachikulu

Kapangidwe ka makina ndi kovuta, ndichifukwa chake kupanga kwake kumawononga ndalama zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha kupangika kwa kapangidwe kake, kufalitsa kosalekeza kosasintha sikungakwanitse kugawa ngakhale katundu m'mitundu ina ya injini.

Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pamagetsi osinthasintha mosalekeza ndi makina olumikizira makina ndikuti ilibe cholumikizira. Pakadali pano, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ikusinthidwa nthawi zonse, ndipo pali zosintha zingapo zingapo mosiyanasiyana. Komabe, zomwe zikuluzikulu m'bokosi ndi izi:

• Njira yayikulu yotumizira ndi chosinthira makokedwe. Ichi ndi gawo lomwe limatenga makokedwe omwe injini imapanga ndikuwatumizira kuzinthu zoyeserera;
• Pulayimale gear pulley (yolumikizidwa ndi clutch hayidiroliki) ndi pulley yachiwiri yamagiya (amasunthira mphamvu pagalimoto yamagalimoto);
• Kutumiza mphamvu kumachitika kudzera m'lamba, ndipo nthawi zina - unyolo;
• Kuwongolera zamagetsi kumasintha njira zogwirira ntchito;
• Chigawo chosiyanitsidwa chomwe chimayambitsidwa pamene zida zosinthira zikuchitika
• Shaft yomwe kufalikira kwa pulley ndi zida zazikulu ndizokhazikika;
• Mabaibulo ambiri amakhalanso ndi kusiyana.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti zinthu izi sizimapereka chidziwitso cha momwe bokosi lamagalimoto limagwirira ntchito. Zonse zimatengera kusinthidwa kwa chipangizocho, chomwe chikakambitsidwe pambuyo pake, koma tsopano tikambirana momwe makinawo amagwirira ntchito.

Kodi ntchito

Pali mitundu itatu yayikulu yotumizira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendera ndipo imagwira ntchito yofanana ndi cvt:

• Kutumiza mphamvu. Pachifukwa ichi, chipangizochi chimangogwiritsidwa ntchito poyendera anthu ochepa. Galimoto imayendetsa dynamo ya jenereta, yomwe imapanga mphamvu zofunikira kuti ifalitse. Chitsanzo cha gearbox yotere ndi BelAZ;
• Kutumiza kuchokera kosinthira makokedwe. Zida zamtunduwu ndizosalala kwambiri. Chowongolera cha hydraulic chimazunguliridwa ndi pampu yomwe imapereka mafuta mopanikizika kwambiri, kutengera kuthamanga kwa injini. Makinawa ali pamtima pamagwiritsidwe onse amakono;
• Kutumiza kwa mtundu wa Hydrostatic. Ukadaulo wakale, komabe amagwiritsidwanso ntchito poyendera ena. Mfundo ya bokosi lotere - injini yoyaka yamkati imayendetsa pampu yamafuta, yomwe imakakamiza ma mota amadzimadzi olumikizidwa ndi mawilo oyendetsa. Chitsanzo cha mayendedwe otere ndi mitundu ina yophatikiza.

Ponena za zosintha, ngakhale zimagwiranso ntchito chimodzimodzi, pali kusiyana kwakukulu. Kapangidwe ka mtundu wosiyanasiyana waphatikizira kuphatikiza kophatikizana kwamadzimadzi, komwe kumasokonekera ndi mphamvu yama makina. Kutumiza kwa makokedwe kumapeto kwa bokosilo kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito chinthu chapakatikati. Nthawi zambiri, opanga ma transmissions otere amagwiritsa ntchito lamba wolimba pamakina. Komabe, palinso kutumizidwa kwa unyolo.

Chiwerengero cha zida chimasinthidwa ndikusintha m'mimba mwake poyendetsa ndi zoyendetsa. Dalaivala akasankha njira yoyenera yoyendetsera chosankhira chotumizira, chowongolera chimalemba zojambulazo kuchokera pagudumu ndi zida zama injini. Kutengera ndi izi, zamagetsi panthawi yoyenera amasuntha makoma a ma pulleys omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa chake kukula kwake kwapakati kumakulira (mawonekedwe a chipangizochi). Chiwerengero cha zida chimakulirakulira ndipo mawilo ayamba kutembenuka mwachangu.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zida zosinthira, makinawo sagwira ntchito mosinthira, koma amayambitsa chida chowonjezera. Nthawi zambiri, iyi ndi bokosi lamagetsi lamapulaneti.

Kuthamangitsa ma dynamics a variator

Poyerekeza ndi tingachipeze powerenga zodziwikiratu kufala, ndi CVT kumva ulesi kuyambira pachiyambi, ngati dalaivala pang'onopang'ono kukanikiza pedal mpweya. Makinawo adzakhala akuthwa poyambira. Pankhaniyi, pakusintha kwa giya lotsatira, galimoto idzagwedezeka. Koma ngati tilankhula za mtunda, ndiye ndi injini yomweyo ndi miyeso ya galimoto, siyana ndi ubwino zambiri.

Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti pamene akusintha kuchoka ku zida kupita ku zida, makina amataya mphamvu. The Variator, pogwira ntchito, amasintha chiŵerengero cha magiya bwino, chifukwa chake palibe kusiyana kwa kufalikira kwa kukankhira. Pankhaniyi, injini imagwira ntchito pa liwiro lomwe torque yayikulu imafalikira. Komano makinawo, nthawi zambiri amatenga liwiro la injini yocheperako, chifukwa chake mphamvu zonse zagalimoto zimavutikira.

CVTs a kumasulidwa akale (asanafike 2007, ndi zosintha zina pamaso 2010) anasintha magwero zida pamene injini liwiro chawonjezeka pafupifupi mpaka pazipita. Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa magawo owongolera munthu payekhapayekha, zovuta izi zidathetsedwa. Mbadwo watsopano wa CVTs umagwirizana ndi masewera a masewera, ndipo mukasindikiza accelerator kwambiri, nthawi yomweyo imasintha kusintha magiya pa liwiro labwino kwambiri la injini.

Nthawi yomweyo, kusuntha kumasungidwa pakusintha konse kwa magawo a gear m'bokosi. Kapena mpaka dalaivala atasiya kugwetsa mayendedwe a accelerator. Choncho, mphamvu ya galimotoyo imakhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi mphamvu ya kukanikiza gasi pedal.

Kutengera bokosi lamanja pa CVT

Pansi pakusintha kwapamanja pamitundu yosiyanasiyana kumatanthawuza kukhazikitsidwa kwa chowongolera cha gearshift kuti chiwonjezeke / kutsika kwa chiwongolero cha zida zotumizira. Ngati tilankhula za makina apamwamba, ndiye kuti mukamasuntha chogwiriracho ku "+" kapena "-", gulu lolamulira limapereka lamulo losintha zida.

Popeza ma CVT alibe kusintha kwapang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku zida kupita ku zida, izi ndizosiyana. Ngakhale magetsi pa dashboard kusonyeza giya anasonyeza ndi dalaivala, magetsi kulamulira unit wa CVT yamakono adzaonetsetsa kuti tachometer singano salowa m'dera wofiira (sadzalola injini ntchito pa liwiro pazipita). Zomwezo zidzachitika ngati dalaivala akulangiza zamagetsi kuti asunge chiŵerengero cha gear pa revs otsika - kupatsirana sikungalole injini kuyimitsa chifukwa cha revs otsika kwambiri.

Ngati tilankhula za mphamvu ya galimoto, ndiye mu mode Buku pa makina, dalaivala adzatha kusintha mathamangitsidwe wa galimoto ndi kusintha kusintha kwa zida zina, koma pa nkhani ya CVT, sizingakhale bwino. kuthamanga kwagalimoto. Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti "mawonekedwe amanja" amagwiritsanso ntchito madera othamanga kwambiri a injini kuti apititse patsogolo.

Kukhalapo kwa njira iyi mu CVTs zamakono ndi njira yotsatsa malonda kwa oyendetsa galimoto omwe amakonda "kuwongolera" njira yogwiritsira ntchito torque. Pakuti mphamvu imayenera pa nkhani ya variator, ndi bwino ntchito mode basi (malo pa kusankha "D").

Mawonekedwe a kayendedwe ka galimoto yokhala ndi kufala kotere

Ganizirani za kayendedwe ka galimoto pamtundu wa CVT. Mwini galimoto yotere ayenera kukumbukira:

1. Ndi chosinthira, sichingagwire ntchito kuzembera poyambira. Chifukwa chake n'chakuti zamagetsi nthawi zonse amazilamulira bwino kwambiri zida chiŵerengero malinga ndi liwiro la injini ndi katundu pa izo.
2. Chosinthacho chidzathandiza dalaivala pamsewu womwe panthawi yotsegulira. Chifukwa cha kuwonjezereka kosalala, mawilo sangazembere ngati dalaivala sawerengera khama pa pedal ya gasi.
3. Mukadutsa galimoto ndi CVT, muyenera kukanikiza kwambiri gasi osati pa nthawi yoyendetsa, monga makina kapena makina, koma nthawi yomweyo zisanachitike, popeza kufalitsa kumagwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono.
4. Pa makina osinthira, zimakhala zovuta kudziwa bwino skid yoyendetsedwa bwino chifukwa cha "kuchedwa" komweko kwa bokosi kukanikiza gasi. Ngati pamakina otsetsereka ndikofunikira kukanikiza kwambiri gasi mutatembenuza chiwongolero, ndiye ngati chowongoleracho chiyenera kuchitika mwachindunji pamene chiwongolero chatembenuzidwa.
5. Popeza mtundu uwu wa kufala nthawi zonse amasankha mulingo woyenera zida chiŵerengero malinga ndi liwiro la injini, izi zimabweretsa kuphatikiza koyenera pakati pa kukoka ndi otsika mafuta. Dongosololi limalola injiniyo kugwira ntchito mwanjira yotere, ngati kuti galimotoyo ikuyendetsa mumsewu wathyathyathya kunja kwa mzindawu. Ngati galimotoyo ili ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake ka mafuta kadzawoneka bwino kwambiri.

Mitundu ndi mfundo ntchito variator pa galimoto

Magalimoto amakono okhala ndi CVT amatha kupeza imodzi mwamitundu iwiri yotumizira:

• V-lamba;
• Toroid.

Kusiyana kwawo kuli m'mapangidwe apangidwe, ngakhale mfundo ya ntchito imakhala yofanana. Tiyeni tilingalire mitundu iyi yamagalimoto padera.

V-lamba

Magalimoto ambiri okhala ndi CVT amapeza gearbox yamtunduwu. Nthawi zambiri pamakina otere amagwiritsidwa ntchito lamba (nthawi zina pamakhala zosintha ndi magiya awiri). Makinawa amagwiritsa ntchito ma pulleys awiri okhala ndi mphete zooneka ngati mphero. Lamba wokhala ndi mbiri yofanana ndi wedge amayikidwa pa iwo. Poyamba, opanga ankagwiritsa ntchito mphira wolimbikitsidwa. Kutumiza kwamakono kumagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zachitsulo.

Pulley iliyonse (yomwe ili pagalimoto ndi ma shafts oyendetsedwa) imakhala ndi makoma akunja okhala ndi ngodya yofananira ndi shaft axis ya madigiri 70. Mukusintha chiŵerengero cha magiya, makoma a pulleys amasuntha kapena kupatukana, chifukwa chake kukula kwa pulley kumasintha. Makoma a pulleys amayendetsedwa ndi akasupe, mphamvu ya centrifugal kapena servos.

Gawo ili la unit mu V-belt variators ndilovuta kwambiri, chifukwa limakhala lodziwika kwambiri ndi katundu. Pachifukwa ichi, kutumiza kwamakono kwamtunduwu kumagwiritsira ntchito zida zachitsulo ndi mbale za mawonekedwe ovuta.

Pakati pa ma drive owoneka ngati mphero, pali zosinthika zomwe zili ndi unyolo. Chiwerengero cha maulalo mmenemo ndi chachikulu, kotero kuti chimagwirizana bwino ndi makoma a pulley. Mtundu woterewu umadziwika ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba poyerekeza ndi ma analogue ena, koma chifukwa champhamvu yakukangana, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zolimba kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti unyolo wamtunduwu ukhale wokwera mtengo kwambiri.

Toroidal

Izi ndizojambula zovuta kwambiri. Ma CVT awa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi magalimoto oyendetsa kumbuyo omwe ali ndi mphamvu yamphamvu. Pakutumiza kothandiza kwambiri kwa torque pa liwiro lalikulu, bokosi la gearbox lochepetsera limagwiritsidwa ntchito, lomwe limatumiza mwachindunji. Pamagalimoto oyendetsa kutsogolo, chosinthira chotere chimalumikizidwa ndi zida zazikulu ndi kusiyanitsa.

Mapangidwe amtundu wa toroidal alinso ndi ma disks awiri, nkhwangwa zawo zokha zimagwirizana. Pamtanda, ma disks awa amawoneka ngati makona atatu a isosceles (ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira). Zodzigudubuza zimayikidwa pakati pa mbali zam'mbali za disks izi, zomwe zimasintha malo awo mwa kukakamiza ma disks ogwira ntchito.

Pamene diski yoyendetsa galimoto ikanikizira chodzigudubuza motsutsana ndi choyendetsa, torque yambiri imafalitsidwa ndipo diski yoyendetsedwa imayenda mofulumira. Mphamvu ikachepetsedwa, diski yoyendetsedwa imayenda pang'onopang'ono.

Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya V-lamba

Pambuyo pakubwera kwa mtundu wa mtundu wa variator, adayamba kukhala m'munda wowonjezera kukhathamiritsa kwake. Chifukwa cha ichi, lero eni galimoto apatsidwa kusinthidwa kothamanga kwambiri, komwe kwadzionetsa kukhala kothandiza kwambiri pakati pa ma analogues - V-belt variators.

Wopanga aliyense amatcha kusintha kwa ma gearbox mosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, Ford ili ndi Transmatic, Ecotronic kapena Durashift. Kuda nkhawa kwa Toyota kumakonzekeretsa magalimoto ake ndimakina ofanana, pokhapokha pansi pa dzina la Multidrive. Magalimoto a Nissan amakhalanso ndi V-belt variator, koma dzina lake ndi Xtronic kapena Hyper. Analogi kwa onse omwe atchulidwa ndi Autotronic, omwe amapezeka mumitundu yambiri ya Mercedes.

M'mitundu yotereyi, zinthu zazikuluzikulu zimakhala zofanana, koma mfundo yolumikizira pakati pa mota ndi zida zazikulu ndizosiyana pang'ono. Mitundu yambiri yama bajeti imagwiritsa ntchito ma CVTs monga Xtronic, Multidrive ndi ena. Pamtima pazosinthazi pali chosinthira makokedwe.

Pali zosankha zokwera mtengo:

• Zowalamulira zamagetsi zochokera pamagetsi amagetsi pamagetsi. Izi mitundu amatchedwa Hyper;
• Njira ina yodzigwiritsira yokha ndi Transmatic. Amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya centrifugal yamadzimadzi amadzimadzi;
• Ngati dzina lakutumiziralo lili ndi manambala oyamba a Multi, ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri pamasinthidwe angapo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ma CD.

Galimoto yatsopano ikagulidwa ndipo zolemba zake zikusonyeza kuti kufalitsa kwake ndi CVT, sizitanthauza kuti nthawi zonse pali chosinthira makokedwe. Koma nthawi zambiri, bokosilo limakhala lokhala ndi makinawa.

Ubwino ndi zovuta za CVT

Mtundu uliwonse wamagetsi umakhala ndi omvera ake, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri, malinga ndi imodzi, ntchito zina zimawonedwa ngati zopindulitsa, ndipo zinazo - m'malo mwake, ndizovuta. Ngati tiwona kudalirika, ndiye kuti CVT sifunikira kukonzanso kwapadera - ingosinthani mafutawo munthawi yake ndikugwira ntchito molingana ndi malingaliro a wopanga.

Nazi zina zabwino:

• Mayendedwe ali ndi mayendedwe osalala pakusintha magawanidwe a zida, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kuyendetsa momwe zingathere;
• Kuti muthamange mwachangu, muyenera kungomwetsa mafuta;
• Woyendetsa samazengereza posintha mayendedwe - chinthu chosavuta kwa oyamba kumene;
• Ndi makina ogwira ntchito, imagwira ntchito mwakachetechete;
• Kuchotsa mphamvu kwamagalimoto kuli mulingo woyenera kwambiri, womwe umalepheretsa kuti njenjete zizinyamula kapena kufikira kuthamanga kwambiri;
• Makaniko akasintha zida msanga, zokumana nazo zamagalimoto zimawonjezera nkhawa. Pofuna kulipirira izi, valavu yamagetsi imatseguka kwambiri, ndipo mafuta ambiri amalowa m'miyendo, koma potero amawotchera pang'ono. Zotsatira zake, zinthu zosayatsa zambiri zimalowa muutoto. Ngati galimotoyo ili chothandizira, ndiye zotsalazo zidzawotchedwa momwemo, zomwe zingachepetse kwambiri moyo wogwira ntchito wagawolo.

Magalimoto okhala ndi ma variator amakhalanso ndi zovuta zingapo:

• Magudumu akagwa, bokosilo silingagawire bwino katunduyo. Mwachitsanzo, izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika pa ayezi;
• Iye sakonda maulendo apamwamba, kotero dalaivala ayenera kusamala nthawi yomwe kufalitsidwaku sikuwonjezeranso magiya;
• Kuvala kwachilengedwe kwa mapulaneti ogwira ntchito;
• Njira zosinthira mafuta pamakina ndizochepa - kutengera malingaliro a wopanga, nthawi iyi ikhoza kukhala 20 zikwi, ndipo mwina 30 000 km;
• The variator n'zosavuta kuswa kuposa HIV Buku;
• Ndikokwera mtengo kwambiri kukonza chifukwa chakuti ndi katswiri yekhayo amene angamulipire chindapusa pantchito zake omwe angathe kuchita ntchitoyi molondola.

Zovuta zazikulu

Kuwonongeka kwa CVT ndi vuto lenileni kwa woyendetsa galimoto. Komabe, ngati malingaliro a opanga akutsatiridwa moyenera, amagwira ntchito molimbika. Nazi zomwe zingalephereke:

• Thupi lolumikiza lomwe mphamvu zimafalikira kuchokera pa pulley yoyendetsa kupita ku pulley yoyendetsedwa. Nthawi zina limakhala lamba ndipo mwa ena limakhala unyolo;
• Pakompyuta kusokonezeka - kutayika kwa kukhudzana, kulephera kwa masensa;
• Mawotchi kuwonongeka kwa lumikiza madzimadzi;
• Kulephera kwa zinthu zosankha;
• Kutha kwa mpope wamafuta ochepetsa valavu;
• Zolakwa mu gawo lowongolera. Vutoli limadziwika mosavuta chifukwa chakuzindikira kwathunthu kwamagalimoto pamalo oyimilira.

Ponena zamagetsi, kompyuta iwonetsa pomwepo vuto. Koma ndi kuwonongeka kwa makina, ma diagnostics amakhala ovuta kwambiri. Nazi zomwe zingawonetse vuto ndi chosinthira:

• Kuyenda kosakhazikika kwa galimoto, limodzi ndi ma jerks;
• Akasankha liwiro losalowerera ndale, galimoto imapitabe patsogolo;
• Kusintha kosavuta kapena kosatheka kosunthira pamagetsi (ngati njira iyi ilipo pakufalitsa).

Zomwe zimayambitsa kusweka kwa CVT

Njira iliyonse posakhalitsa imalephera chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndi kung'ambika kwa ziwalo zake. Zomwezo zikugwiranso ntchito kwa osintha. Ngakhale bokosi lamtundu uwu limaonedwa kuti ndi lolimba, oyendetsa galimoto amakumanabe ndi zovuta zake.

Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimakhudza moyo wa unit ndikukonza nthawi yake yopatsirana. Ndondomeko yokonzekera yokonzekera imatchulidwa ndi wopanga galimoto. M'pofunikanso kuganizira malangizo ntchito kufala kwa mtundu uwu. Mndandanda wa kukonza koyenera kwa variator ndi:

• Kusintha kwanthawi yake kwamafuta otumizira ndi zida zonse za gearbox;
• Kukonza nthawi yake kapena kusintha magawo omwe alephera m'bokosi;
• Mayendedwe olondola (osavomerezeka kugwiritsa ntchito kuyendetsa pa CVT, kuyendetsa masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi komanso kuyimitsa mwadzidzidzi, kuyendetsa mwamphamvu pabokosi lopanda kutentha).

Zomwe zimayambitsa kulephera kwa ma variator ndi kuvala kwachilengedwe kapena zolakwika panthawi yopanga magawo kapena gawo lonse. Yachiwiri ndiyosowa kwambiri, ndipo izi zimagwiranso ntchito pamitundu yamagalimoto a bajeti.

Nthawi zambiri, zosinthazo zimalephera chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mafuta oyipa. Pogwiritsa ntchito kufalitsa koteroko, gawo lalikulu limaperekedwa ku khalidwe la mafuta odzola, choncho mwiniwake wa galimoto ayenera kutenga njira yosinthira madzimadzi mozama.

Ngati CVT yachikale imayikidwa m'galimoto, ndiye kuti mafuta ofunikira nthawi zambiri amafunika kusinthidwa makilomita 30-50 zikwi. Ngati galimoto imagwiritsa ntchito kufala kwamakono, ndiye kuti kusintha kwa mafuta kumafunika pambuyo pa 60-80 km. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi mtunda womwe umakhudza nthawi iyi, osati maola, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi injini zoyatsira mkati.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa kusiyanasiyana

Bokosi la CVT ndilopanda phindu, koma ngati mungasinthe, limakhala nthawi yayitali. Nazi zomwe muyenera kudziwa kwa woyendetsa galimoto yemwe galimoto yake imayendetsedwa ndimotumiza wotere:

• Bokosi silimakonda kuyendetsa mwamakani. M'malo mwake, mayendedwe "opuma pantchito" kapena mayendedwe oyenda mwachangu amafunika iye;
• Kutumiza kwamtunduwu sikungathe kupirira maulendo apamwamba, chifukwa chake ngati dalaivala ali ndi chizolowezi "chomiza" pamsewu waukulu patali, ndibwino kuyimilira pamakina. Osachepera ndi yotsika mtengo kukonza;
• Pa chosinthacho, simukuyenera kuyamba modzidzimutsa ndi kulola magudumu oyendetsa kuterereka;
• Kutumiza kumeneku sikoyenera kuyendetsa galimoto yomwe nthawi zambiri imanyamula katundu wolemera kapena kuponyera ngolo.

Galimoto yokhala ndi cvt ikalowa mumatope ndikukhazikika, musayese kuyendetsa nokha. Bwino kugwiritsa ntchito thandizo la alendo, popeza pakadali pano ndizosatheka kupewa kuyendetsa magudumu.

Zomwe zili bwino: kusiyanasiyana kapena makina othamanga?

Ngati mukuyerekeza mitundu iwiriyi yamabokosi, ndiye kuti muyenera kulabadira nthawi yomweyo kuti analog yokhayo ili pamsika kuposa chosinthira. Pachifukwa ichi, makina okwanira amamvetsetsa kale chipangizocho komanso zovuta za kufalitsa kwadzidzidzi. Koma mosiyanasiyana, zinthu zaipiraipira - ndizovuta kwambiri kupeza katswiri weniweni.

Nawa maubwino ena a kufalitsa kwadzidzidzi:

• Imakonzedwa mosavuta kuposa cvt, ndipo pali zida zambiri m'malo ogulitsa magalimoto;
• Ponena za kuyendetsa, bokosi limagwira ntchito pamakina - magiya ndiwosavuta, koma ECU ndiyomwe imawasintha;
• Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi pamakina ndikotsika mtengo kuposa chosinthira. Mutha kusunganso ndalama pogula njira yotsika mtengo, popeza pamakhala mafuta osiyanasiyana pamakina omwe ali pamsika;
• Zamagetsi zimasankha mulingo woyenera pomwe mungasinthireko mopitirira muyeso;
• Makinawo amawonongeka pafupipafupi kuposa kusiyanasiyana, makamaka pokhudzana ndi kulephera kwamagetsi. Izi ndichifukwa choti gawo loyang'anira limayang'anira kotala yokha yamagwiritsidwe. Zina zonse zimachitika ndi zimango;
• Makinawa ali ndi chida chokulirapo chogwirira ntchito. Ngati dalaivala akugwiritsa ntchito mosamala mayunitsi (amasintha mafuta munthawi yake ndikupewa kuyendetsa mosalekeza), makinawo amakhala osachepera 400, ndipo sadzafunika kukonza kwakukulu.

Komabe, ngakhale zili ndiubwino, makinawa alinso ndi zovuta zina zingapo zowoneka:

• Kutumiza bwino ndikotsika chifukwa nthawi yayitali imagwiritsidwa ntchito potulutsa chosinthira makokedwe;
• Kusuntha kwamagalimoto sikosalala kwambiri - dalaivala amamvabe pomwe galimoto yasintha kukhala chida china;
• Mathamangitsidwe a galimoto alibe chizindikiritso chamtundu wabwino ngati chosinthira - pamenepo liwiro limanyamulidwa bwino;
• Makinawa ali ndi chidebe chachikulu kwambiri chamafuta. Zimango wamba zimafuna pafupifupi malita atatu amafuta, chosinthira - mpaka eyiti, koma makina okha - pafupifupi malita 10.

Ngati zikufanizidwa moyenera, ndiye kuti zolakwazo ndizoposa kupirira komanso kudalirika kwamagulu amenewa. Komabe, zimatengera zomwe mwiniwake amayembekezera pagalimoto yake.

Chifukwa chake, galimoto yokhala ndi bokosi la variator idapangidwa kuti iziyenda mwakachetechete m'matawuni. Ndikutumiza koteroko, dalaivala amatha kumverera ngati akuyendetsa bwato lamtunda m'malo mongoyendetsa galimoto.

Pomaliza, momwe mungadziwire komwe bokosi liri:

Momwe mungasankhire galimoto, bokosi lomwe ndibwino: zodziwikiratu, zosinthira, maloboti, zimango

Momwe mungayang'anire zosinthika pogula galimoto pamsika wachiwiri

Mukamagula galimoto mumsika wachiwiri, muyenera kuyang'ana machitidwe a makina onse ofunikira ndi misonkhano yagalimoto. Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa kwa osinthika ngati kufala kotereku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito m'galimoto. Chifukwa chake ndikuti chipangizochi ndi chokwera mtengo kukonza.

Izi ndi zomwe muyenera kulabadira pogula galimoto yotere.

Makilomita agalimoto

Parameter iyi ikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi momwe gearbox ilili. Zoonadi, ogulitsa osakhulupirika amapotoza dala mtunda pa odometer, koma galimoto yatsopano, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti zithetseretu zochitika zonse za ntchitoyi.

Mu CVTs pa magalimoto opangidwa kuyambira 2007 kapena 2010 (malingana ndi chitsanzo) anaika mayunitsi ulamuliro munthu kufala. Zolakwa zina zolembedwa ndi unit control unit zitha kuwonetsedwanso mu ECU yopatsira.

Mkhalidwe wamafuta

Kuphatikiza pa mtunda wagalimoto, mafuta otumizira angakuuzeninso za mkhalidwe wa mtunduwu. Nazi zomwe muyenera kuziganizira poyang'ana mafuta odzola poyendera galimoto:

• Mulingo wamafuta umayang'aniridwa. Komanso, izi ziyenera kuchitidwa pozizira komanso kutenthetsa.
• Ubwino wa mafutawo amawunikidwa. Mafuta sayenera kukhala akuda. Ngati kusintha kwa mafuta kudakali kutali, ndipo kuli mdima kale, ndiye kuti makinawo sakugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, kapena wogulitsa akunyenga ndi tsiku la ntchito yotsiriza yotumizira.
• Kuyera kwa mafuta kumafufuzidwa. Zisakhale ndi tchipisi tachitsulo, magazi kuundana ndi zonyansa zina. Kuti muchite izi, ingoikani madontho angapo amafuta papepala loyera. Ngati pali tinthu tating'ono pamapepala kuwonjezera pa utoto wamafuta, izi zikuwonetsa kuti chosinthiracho chimakhala choyipa kwambiri.
• Mafuta amafufuzidwa ngati akununkhiza. Siziyenera kununkhiza zopsereza, zomwe zimasonyeza ntchito yosayenera ya galimoto.

Kupaka

Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti kupatsirako sikunakonzedwe, makinawo ayenera kukwezedwa pamtunda kapena kuthamangitsidwa m'dzenje, ndipo ma bolts okwera ayenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti awonongeke m'mphepete mwake. Ngati pali scuffs, tchipisi kapena serifs, unit anali disassembled, ndipo wogulitsa ayenera kunena zimene anakonza mu bokosi.

Ngati wogulitsa akukana kuti kukonzanso kunachitika, ndipo unityo inasokonezeka momveka bwino, kugula galimoto yoteroyo kuyenera kusiyidwa. Akauzidwa zomwe ntchitoyo idachitika, wogulitsa amayenera kuvomereza zomwe walonjeza.

Mbiri ya galimoto

Kutsimikizira kotereku kungatheke ngati wogulitsa ndiye mwiniwake wagalimotoyo. Pamene galimoto yasintha eni ake angapo, ndizosatheka kufufuza mbiri ya galimotoyo. Zomwe zikugwirizana ndi galimoto yam'mbuyo ndi monga:

1. Kuwona nambala ya VIN;
2. Ngati galimotoyo idatumizidwa kokha ndi wogulitsa wovomerezeka, ndiye kuti ntchito zonse zidzawonetsedwa mu lipotilo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndizosatheka kuyang'ana ngati kutumizako kunakonzedwanso m'malo opangira garaja;
3. Mukamagula galimoto yotumizidwa kunja, m'pofunika kufufuza zikalata zamtundu (mileage ndi zina zamakono zagalimoto).

Cheke choterechi chidzapereka chidziwitso chowonjezera chosagwirizana ndi momwe chosinthiracho chilili.

Yang'anani pakuyenda

Ndikofunikira kuyang'ana magwiridwe antchito a variator. Izi zimachitika poyesa kuyesa m'njira zosiyanasiyana kuti mumvetsere kapena kuwona momwe kachilomboka kakufalikira. Cheke choterocho ndi chidziwitso kwambiri ponena za dziko la variator.

Kutumiza koyenera kumapereka mawonekedwe osalala kwambiri agalimoto popanda ma jerks komanso kusintha kowoneka bwino pamagiya. Kupanda kutero, ma jerks ndi kugwedezeka kukuwonetsa kuwonongeka kwa lamba woyendetsa.

CVT mawu

Phokoso likhozanso kudziwa momwe galimoto imayendera. Mwachitsanzo, chosinthira chothandizira pa liwiro lachabechabe cha injini yoyaka mkati sichimamveka konse. Pamene mukuyendetsa galimoto, phokoso la bokosi limatha kumveka, koma ndi kusamveka bwino kwa thupi.

Kudina, kung'ung'udza, kuyimba mluzu, phokoso lankhanza ndi mawu ena sizofanana ndi makina osinthira. Popeza n'zovuta kwambiri kwa wosadziwa galimoto kudziwa vuto kufala ndi phokoso, ndi bwino kuitana katswiri kuyendera galimoto, makamaka amene kumvetsa ntchito gearbox CVT.

Kanema pa mutuwo

Nazi zinthu zisanu zomwe zingathandize kukulitsa moyo wamtunduwu:

ZINTHU 5 ZIMENE SUNGACHITE PA CVT

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi makina oyipa kwambiri kapena makina odzipangira okha ndi chiyani? Ngati tiyamba kuchokera ku mphamvu ndi kusalala kwa mathamangitsidwe, ndiye kuti mtunduwu uli ndi ubwino wambiri pa zotumizira zokha.

Cholakwika ndi chiyani ndi makina osinthira pagalimoto? Zosinthazi zimakhudzidwa ndi kuchuluka kwagalimoto (kulemera kwagalimoto kumakulirakulira, kukweza kwakukulu pazigawo zosinthira), katundu wakuthwa komanso wonyowa komanso torque yayikulu.

Chifukwa chiyani CVT ndi yoyipa? Bokosi loterolo limawopa kutsetsereka kwa mawilo oyendetsa, liwiro la liwiro ndi magwiridwe antchito agalimoto ndizovuta kwambiri chifukwa chakusintha kwakusintha kwa gear. Ndi zokwera mtengo kukonza.