Momwe mungawerenge zolemba pamafuta? NS. NDI

Tidzapeza pamsika mafuta ambirizopangidwira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya injini. Zolemba pamapaketi sizipangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kusankha, choncho ndi bwino kuphunzira kuziwerenga. Zoyenera kuyang'ana pogula mafuta? Zotani magawo fufuzani galimoto yanu?

Muphunzirapo chiyani pa positiyi?

• Momwe mungawerenge zolemba pamaphukusi amafuta?
• Kodi ACEA ndi chiyani ndipo API ndi chiyani?
• Kodi kalasi ya viscosity ya mafuta ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule

Pali mitundu yambiri yamafuta amgalimoto pamsika. Iwo ndi osiyana wina ndi mzake mtengo, khalidwe i specifications luso... Posankha mafuta oyenera, ganizirani mtundu wagalimoto, mtundu wamafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mgalimoto, Mikhalidwe ya mumlengalengandi kachitidwe ka driver. Pofuna kupewa kusintha kwadzidzidzi koopsa kwa injini, wopanga magalimoto aliyense amalemba mu bukhu lautumiki kalasi yamafuta yomwe ikulimbikitsidwa pamtundu wagalimoto womwe wapatsidwa, womwe ndi muyezo wa wopanga kapena muyezo malinga ndi IZIkapena API... Chifukwa cha izi, kuti musankhe mafuta oyenera, ndikwanira kuwerenga mosamala zolemba pamapaketi. Ndiye mumawerenga bwanji?

Mafuta mamasukidwe gulu

Gawo lofunikira kwambiri lamafuta ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe kalasizomwe zimatsimikizira kutentha komwe mafuta angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Zimatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amateteza ziwalo zokwerera. magetsi wagawo kuyambira kutha. Kukhuthala kwa mafuta a injini kumatsimikiziridwa ndi gulu la viscosity. SAE, opangidwa ndi American Society of Automotive Engineers. Mafutawa amayesedwa kangapo, zomwe zotsatira zake zimatsimikizira momwe mafuta amapangira mafuta pa kutentha kochepa komanso kutentha kwambiri. Kuwonetsa kalasi ya SAE viscosity mitundu isanu ya mafuta chilimwe ndi makalasi asanu ndi limodzi a mafuta achisanu. Nthawi zambiri timachita ndi mafuta amtundu wambiri, omwe amafotokozedwa ndi mfundo ziwiri zosiyanitsidwa ndi dash, mwachitsanzo "5W-40".

Manambala omwe ali kutsogolo kwa "W" (W: Zima = Zima) amasonyeza kutentha kwa madzi. Kutsika kwa chiwerengerocho, kumachepetsa kutentha kovomerezeka komwe mafuta angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Mafuta olembedwa 0W, 5W 10W chitsimikizo zosavuta kutsitsa injini komanso kuperekera mwachangu kwamafuta kumalo onse a injini, ngakhale kutentha kwambiri.

Manambala pambuyo pa "-" amasonyeza mamasukidwe akayendedwe pa kutentha kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa chiwerengerocho, kutentha kozungulira kumakhala kokwera, komwe mafuta samataya mafuta ake. Mafuta 40, 50 ndi 60 amapereka mafuta oyenera a injini pakatentha kwambiri.

Panopa, mafuta onse nyengo (5W, 10W, 15W kapena 20, 30, 40, 50) m'malo mafuta multigrade (5W-40, 10W-40, 15W-40), ndinazolowera zofunika kwambiri madalaivala amakono. Mafuta a Multigrade ndi oyenera kutentha komanso kutentha kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta oyenera sikumangoteteza injini komanso kumawonjezera kuyendetsa bwino ndipo amalola kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta.

Kodi ACEA ndi chiyani ndipo API ndi chiyani?

Imodzi mwa malamulo ofunikira kwambiri posankha mafuta oyenera: qualitative classification... Imatsimikizira zomwe mafutawa ali ndi momwe angagwiritsire ntchito mtundu wina wa injini. ... Pali mitundu iwiri yamagulu:

• European ACEA, yopangidwa ndi European Engine Manufacturers Association, ndi
• Amereka API American Petroleum Institute

Gawoli lidapangidwa chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kapangidwe ka injini pakati pa Europe ndi US zopangidwa.

Magulu onsewa amagawa mafuta m'magulu awiri: mafuta a injini zamafuta ndi mafuta a injini za dizilo. Magulu onse awiriwa nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa pamapaketi amafuta.

Malinga ndi gulu la API, mafuta a injini amagawidwa kukhala omwe ali ndi chizindikiro:

• S (ya injini zamafuta) ndi
• C (zogwiritsidwa ntchito mu injini za dizilo).

Kalasi yapamwamba fotokozerani zilembo zotsatizana za zilembo zolembedwa pambuyo pa chizindikiro S kapena C. Gulu lamafuta a injini zoyatsira moto limaphatikizapo zizindikiro SA, SB, SC, SD, SE, SF, SG, SH, SI, SJ, SL, SM, SN. Makina oyatsira oponderezedwa amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta osankhidwa a CA, CB, CC, CD, CE ndi CF, CF-4, CG-4, CH-4, CI-4 ndi CJ-4.

Kupititsa patsogolo chilembo cha zilembo mu gawo lachiwiri la code, kumapangitsa kuti mafuta azikhala apamwamba.

Mafuta amakono apamwamba okha ndi omwe amaphatikizidwa mugulu la ACEA. Iye amaonekera magulu anayi mafuta:

• chifukwa injini za mafuta (cholembedwa ndi chilembo A),
• kwa magalimoto ndi kudziyaka (cholembedwa ndi chilembo B)
• mafuta "otsika SAPS"Kwa magalimoto (olembedwa ndi chilembo C)
• ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu injini za dizilo magalimoto (olembedwa ndi chilembo E)

Mafuta a Gulu A akhoza kukhala giredi A1, A2, A3 kapena A5. Momwemonso, mafuta amtundu wa B amatchulidwa kuti B1, B2, B3, B4 kapena B5 (mwachitsanzo, ACEA A3 / B4 imayimira mafuta apamwamba kwambiri komanso chuma cha injini, ndipo A5 / B5 imayimira mafuta apamwamba kwambiri komanso mafuta. chuma).

Chofunika: ngati zotengerazo zikuti ACEA A ../ B .., izi zikutanthauza kuti mafuta atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu injini zonse zamafuta ndi dizilo.

Kuphatikiza pamagulu a API ndi ACEA, amawonekeranso pamapaketi amafuta. zolemba zoperekedwa ndi opanga magalimoto. Samalirani galimoto yanu ndi avtotachki.com.

Onaninso:

Engine mafuta mamasukidwe akayendedwe kalasi - chimene chimachititsa ndi kuwerenga chilemba?

Kodi kusankha mafuta injini mu 3 masitepe?

Kodi mafuta a injini ya 1.9 tdi ndi chiyani?

chithunzi gwero: ,, avtotachki.com.