Mbiri ya mtundu wa galimoto ya Volvo
Volvo yadzipangira mbiri yokonza magalimoto yomwe imamanga magalimoto odalirika okwera, magalimoto komanso magalimoto apadera. Chizindikirocho chalandira mphotho zingapo pakukonza njira zodalirika zotetezera magalimoto. Nthawi ina, galimoto yamtunduwu idadziwika kuti ndi yotetezeka kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Ngakhale chizindikirocho chimakhalapo ngati gawo logawika pazovuta zina, kwa oyendetsa magalimoto ambiri ndi kampani yodziyimira pawokha yomwe mitundu yawo ndiyofunika kuyisamalira.
Nayi nkhani ya wopanga galimoto iyi, yomwe tsopano ndi gawo la Geely Hold (tanena kale za opanga makinawa kale pang'ono).
Woyambitsa
Ma 1920 ku United States ndi Europe, chidwi pakupanga zida zothandizira makina chidakula pafupifupi nthawi imodzi. M'chaka cha 23 mumzinda wa Sweden ku Gothenburg, chionetsero cha magalimoto chikuchitika. Chochitikachi chinali cholimbikitsira kufalitsa kwa magalimoto odziyendetsa pawokha, chifukwa chomwe magalimoto ambiri adayamba kutumizidwa mdzikolo.
Pofika chaka cha 25, pafupifupi magalimoto zikwi 14 ndi theka zamagalimoto ochokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana adaperekedwa kudzikoli. Ndondomeko yamakampani ambiri opanga magalimoto akhala akupanga magalimoto atsopano mwachangu momwe angathere. Nthawi yomweyo, ambiri, chifukwa chakumapeto kwa nthawi, adasokonekera pamtengo.
Ku Sweden, kampani ya mafakitale SKF yakhala ikutulutsa magawo odalirika pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zamakina kwa nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa chachikulu chodziwikiratu cha magawo amenewa ndikuwunika koyeserera asadalowe mu mzere wamsonkhano.
Kupereka msika waku Europe osangokhala omasuka, koma koposa zonse magalimoto otetezeka komanso olimba, kampani yaying'ono ya Volvo idapangidwa. Mwalamulo, chizindikirocho chinakhazikitsidwa pa Epulo 14.04.1927, XNUMX, pomwe mtundu woyamba wa Jakob udawonekera.
Mtundu wamagalimoto umawonekera kwa oyang'anira awiri opanga zida zaku Sweden. Awa ndi Gustaf Larson ndi Assar Gabrielsson. Assar anali CEO ndipo Gustaf anali CTO wamtundu waposachedwa wamagalimoto.
Pazaka zake ku SKF, Gabrielsson adawona mwayi wazinthu zopangidwa ndi chomeracho kuposa anzawo amakampani ena. Izi nthawi zonse zimamutsimikizira kuti Sweden ipereka magalimoto abwino pamsika wapadziko lonse. Lingaliro lofananalo lidathandizidwa ndi wantchito wake, Larson.
Atagwirizana kuti oyang'anira kampaniyo ali ndi mwayi wopanga mtundu watsopano, Larson adayamba kufunafuna akatswiri amakina, ndipo Gabrielsson adapanga njira zachuma ndikupanga kuwerengera kuti akwaniritse lingaliro lawo. Magalimoto khumi oyamba adapangidwa chifukwa cha zomwe Gabrielsson adasunga. Magalimotowa adasonkhanitsidwa ku chomera cha SKF, kampani yomwe idagulitsa zatsopano zamagalimoto.
Kampani ya makolo idapereka ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito malingaliro aukadaulo ku kampaniyo, komanso inapatsa mwayi wakukula payekha. Chifukwa cha ichi, mtundu watsopanowo unali ndi chida cholimbikitsira champhamvu, chomwe ambiri m'nthawi yake analibe.
Zinthu zingapo zidathandizira kuti kampaniyo ichite bwino:
- Kampani ya makolo idapereka zida zoyambirira pamsonkhano wa mitundu ya Volvo;
- Ku Sweden, malipiro anali ochepa, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti athe kupeza anthu ogwira ntchito kubizinesi;
- Dzikoli limapanga chitsulo chake, chomwe chinali chofala padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zopangira zapamwamba zidayamba kupezeka kwa opanga makinawo ndalama zochepa;
- Dzikoli limafunikira mtundu wake wamagalimoto;
- Makampani adapangidwa ku Sweden, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupeza akatswiri omwe amatha kuchita moyenera osati msonkhano wamagalimoto okha, komanso kupanga zida zopumira.
Chizindikiro
Kuti mitundu yaopanga magalimoto yatsopano izidziwike padziko lonse lapansi (ndipo iyi inali mfundo yofunika kwambiri pakukweza mtundu), logo idafunikira yomwe idzawonetse chidwi cha kampaniyo. Liwu lachi Latin Volvo lidatengedwa ngati dzina. Kumasulira kwake (I roll) kunatsimikiza bwino lomwe malo akulu omwe kampani ya kholo idachita bwino - kupanga mabala mayendedwe.
Leiba adawonekera mu 1927. Chizindikiro chachitsulo, chomwe chinali chofala mu chikhalidwe cha anthu akumadzulo, chinasankhidwa ngati chithunzi chosiyanitsa. Idawonetsedwa ngati bwalo lokhala ndi muvi kuloza kumpoto kwake chakum'mawa. Palibe chifukwa chofotokozera kwa nthawi yayitali chifukwa chomwe chisankhochi chidapangidwira, chifukwa Sweden ili ndi bizinesi yazitsulo, ndipo zopangidwa zake zidatumizidwa pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi.
Poyamba, adaganiza zoyika baji pakati pakulowetsa mpweya. Vuto lokhalo lomwe opanga adakumana nalo linali kusowa kwa radiator grille yomwe ingalumikize chizindikiro. Chizindikirocho chimayenera kukhazikitsidwa mwanjira ina pakati pa rediyeta. Ndipo njira yokhayo yotulukamo inali kugwiritsa ntchito chinthu chowonjezera (chotchedwa bar). Anali mzere wopendekera, womwe bajiyo idalumikizidwa, ndipo idakonzedwa m'mphepete mwa rediyeta.
Ngakhale magalimoto amakono amakhala ndi grille yotetezera mwachisawawa, wopanga adaganiza zokhala ndi mzere wopendekera ngati chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri pa logo yotchuka yagalimoto.
Mbiri yamagalimoto pamitundu
Chifukwa chake, mtundu woyamba wa mzere wa msonkhano wa Volvo unali Jakob kapena OV4. “Mwana woyamba kubadwa” wa kampaniyo sanali wapamwamba kwambiri monga momwe amayembekezera. Chowonadi ndi chakuti pamsonkhanowu makinawo adakhazikitsa njirayo molakwika. Vutoli litathetsedwa, galimotoyo sinalandiridwe ndi chidwi ndi omvera. Chifukwa chake chinali chakuti anali ndi thupi lotseguka, ndipo kudziko lomwe linali ndi nyengo yovuta, magalimoto otsekedwa anali othandiza kwambiri.
Pansi pa galimotoyo, injini ya 28-horse-4 90 yamphamvu idayikidwa, yomwe imatha kuyendetsa galimoto mpaka liwiro la XNUMX km / h. mawonekedwe agalimoto anali galimotoyo. Wopanga adaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito magudumu apadera mgalimoto zoyambirira. Gudumu lirilonse linali ndi masipoko amtengo, ndipo nthiti yake inachotsedwa.
Kuphatikiza pa zoperewera pamisonkhano ndi kapangidwe kake, kampaniyo idalephera kupangitsa galimoto kutchuka, popeza mainjiniya adathera nthawi yochulukirapo pazabwino, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti chilengedwe chotsatira chisachedwe.
Nazi zochitika zazikuluzikulu za kampani zomwe zasiya chizindikiro chawo.
- 1928 Special PV4 imayambitsidwa. Ili ndi mtundu wautali wa galimoto yapitayi, wogula yekhayo ndi amene amapatsidwa njira ziwiri zokha: denga lokulunga kapena cholimba.
- 1928 - Kupanga kwa galimoto ya Type-1 kumayambira pa chimango chimodzimodzi ndi Jakob.
- 1929 - kuwonetsa kwa injini ya kapangidwe kake. Kusinthidwa kwa sikisi yamphamvu sikisi kunalandiridwa ndi makina a PV651 (ma 6 cylinders, mipando 5, mndandanda woyamba).
- 1930 - galimoto yomwe ilipo ndiyamakono: imalandira chisilamu chotalikirapo, kuti anthu 7 azitha kukhala munyumba. Awa anali Volvo TR671 ndi 672. Magalimoto ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi oyendetsa taxi, ndipo ngati nyumbayo itadzaza kwathunthu, dalaivala amatha kugwiritsa ntchito ngolo yonyamula katundu wa okwera.
- 1932 - Galimoto imakonzanso zina. Choncho, mphamvu unit kwambiri voluminous - malita 3,3, amene mphamvu yake kuchuluka kwa 65 ndiyamphamvu. Pofalitsa, adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito gearbox ya 4-liwiro m'malo mwa analogue othamanga atatu.
- 1933 - Mtundu wapamwamba wa P654 ukuwonekera. Galimoto analandira kuyimitsidwa analimbitsa ndi kutchinjiriza bwino phokoso. Chaka chomwecho, galimoto yapadera idayambitsidwa yomwe sinapite konse kumsonkhano chifukwa omvera sanakonzekere kukonzanso koteroko. Chodziwika bwino cha mtundu wophatikizidwa ndi Venus Bilo ndikuti inali ndi malo owonera bwino kwambiri. Kukula komweku kudagwiritsidwanso ntchito pamitundu ina yamtsogolo.
- 1935 - Kampaniyo ikupitilizabe kusintha masomphenya aku America agalimoto. Chifukwa chake, Carioca PV6 yatsopano yokhala ndi mipando 36 imatuluka. Kuyambira ndi mtunduwu, magalimoto adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito grill yozitetezera. Gulu loyamba la magalimoto apamwamba linali ndi mayunitsi 500. Chaka chomwecho, galimoto ya driver wa taxi idalandiranso zina, ndipo injiniyo idakhala yamphamvu kwambiri - 80 hp.
- 1936 - Kampaniyo idanenetsa kuti chinthu choyambirira chomwe chiyenera kukhala mgalimoto iliyonse ndi chitetezo, kenako chitonthozo ndi mawonekedwe. Lingaliro ili likuwonekera pamitundu yonse yotsatira. Mbadwo wotsatira wa mtundu wa PV ukuwonekera. Pokhapokha pano ndi pomwe chitsanzochi chikutchedwa 51. Ili ndi malo okwera anthu 5, koma opepuka kuposa omwe adalipo kale, komanso nthawi yomweyo olimba.
- 1937 - M'badwo wotsatira PV (52) umakhala ndi zinthu zina zotonthoza: zowonera dzuwa, magalasi otentha, mipando yazanja m'mafelemu azitseko, ndi mipando yopinda.
- 1938 - Mtundu wa PV umalandira zosintha zatsopano ndi mitundu ingapo yoyambirira ya fakitole (burgundy, buluu ndi wobiriwira). Zosintha 55 ndi 56 zili ndi grille yosinthidwa, komanso ma optics abwino kutsogolo. Chaka chomwecho, zombo zama taxi zitha kugula mtundu wotetezedwa wa PV801 (wopanga adaika magalasi olimba pakati pamizere yakutsogolo ndi kumbuyo). Kanyumbayo tsopano ikanatha kukhala anthu 8, poganizira woyendetsa.
- 1943-1944 chifukwa cha nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, kampaniyo silingathe kupanga magalimoto mwachizolowezi, chifukwa chake imasinthira pakupanga galimoto yapambuyo pa nkhondo. Ntchitoyi idayenda bwino ndipo zidabweretsa galimoto yamaganizidwe ya PV444. Kutulutsidwa kwake kumayamba mchaka cha 44. Galimoto yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yokwera 40 iyi inali yokhayo (m'mbiri ya Volvo) kukhala ndi mafuta ochepa motero. Izi zimapangitsa galimoto kukhala yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa oyendetsa galimoto omwe ali ndi chuma chochepa kwambiri.
- 1951 - atatulutsa bwino zosintha za PV444, kampaniyo idaganiza zopanga magalimoto abanja. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 50, Volvo Duett adachoka pamsonkhanowu. Zinali zomwezi subcompact yam'mbuyomu, thupi lokhalo ndilo lidasinthidwa kukhala zosowa za mabanja akulu.
- 1957 - Chizindikiro ku Sweden chikuyamba njira yowonjezera padziko lonse lapansi. Ndipo wopanga magalimoto aganiza zopangitsa chidwi cha omvera ndi Amazone atsopano, momwe chitetezo chasinthidwa bwino. Makamaka, inali galimoto yoyamba kukhala ndi malamba okhala ndi mfundo zitatu.
- 1958 - Ngakhale kugulitsa kwamtundu wakale, wopanga asankha kuyambitsa m'badwo wina wa PV. Kampani yayamba kudzidziwitsa yokha pamipikisano yamagalimoto. Chifukwa chake, Volvo PV444 imalandira mphotho yopambana Mpikisano waku Europe mu 58th, Grand Prix ku Argentina mchaka chomwecho, komanso mu rally European rally m'gulu la akazi mu 59th.
- 1959 - Kampaniyo imalowa mumsika waku US ndi 122S.
- 1961 - P1800 coupe yamasewera imayambitsidwa ndikupambana mphotho zingapo za kapangidwe.
- 1966 - Makina otetezeka ayamba - Volvo144. Anagwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira ma braking-circuit system, ndipo ma caran transmit adagwiritsidwa ntchito pagawo loyendetsa kuti pakachitika ngozi ipindike osavulaza driver.
- 1966 - mtundu wamphamvu kwambiri wa masewera a Amazone - 123GT imawonekera.
- 1967 - Msonkhano wa 145 ndi 142S zitseko ziwiri zimayambira kumalo opangira.
- 1968 - kampaniyo imapereka galimoto yatsopano yapamwamba - Volvo 164. Pansi pa galimotoyo, injini yamahatchi 145 idakhazikitsidwa kale, zomwe zidalola kuti galimotoyo ifike pamtunda wa makilomita 145 pa ola limodzi.
- 1971 - Kugulitsa kwatsopano kwambiri kumayamba. Mitundu yambiri yataya kale kufunikira kwake, ndipo sizinapindule kuti izisintha. Pachifukwa ichi, kampaniyo ikutulutsa 164E yatsopano, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mafuta opangira jakisoni. Mphamvu injini anafika 175 ndiyamphamvu.
- 1974 - Mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya 240 yawonetsedwa ndi awiri - 260. Pachifukwa chachiwiri, mota idagwiritsidwa ntchito, yopangidwa ndi akatswiri ochokera m'makampani atatu - Renault, Peugeot ndi Volvo. Ngakhale anali osawoneka bwino, magalimoto adalandila mamaki apamwamba poteteza.
- 1976 - kampaniyo ikupereka chitukuko, chomwe chidapangidwa kuti chichepetse zomwe zili ndi zinthu zovulaza pamagalimoto chifukwa chakutentha koyipa kwa chisakanizo cha mafuta. Kukula uku kunadzatchedwa kafukufuku wa Lambda (mutha kuwerenga za momwe ntchito ya kachipangizo ka oxygen imagwirira ntchito payokha). Pogwiritsa ntchito makina opanga mpweya, kampaniyo inalandira mphoto kuchokera ku bungwe lachilengedwe.
- 1976 - Momwemonso, Volvo 343 yachuma komanso yotetezedwa yalengezedwa.
- 1977 - Kampaniyo, mothandizidwa ndi studio yopanga yaku Italiya Bertone, imapanga coup 262.
- 1979 - pamodzi ndi zosintha zina zamitundu yodziwika kale, sedan yaying'ono 345 yokhala ndi injini ya 70hp imawonekera.
- 1980 - automaker asankha kusintha ma motors omwe analipo panthawiyo. Akuoneka turbocharged unit, amene anaikidwa pa galimoto zonyamula.
- 1982 - Kupanga kwatsopano - Volvo760 iyamba. Chochititsa chidwi cha mtunduwo chinali chakuti dizilo, yomwe idaperekedwa ngati njira, imatha kuyendetsa galimoto mpaka zana m'masekondi 13. Panthawiyo inali galimoto yamphamvu kwambiri yokhala ndi injini ya dizilo.
- 1984 - Chachilendo china kuchokera ku Sweden brand 740 GLE chimasulidwa ndi mota wopanga momwe chiwonetsero chazizindikiro zamatenda akucheperachepera.
- 1985 - Geneva Motor Show idawonetsa chipatso china cha ntchito yolumikizana ya mainjiniya aku Sweden ndi opanga aku Italiya - 780, omwe thupi lawo lidadutsa studio ya Bertone ku Turin.
- 1987 - Hatchback yatsopano ya 480 imayambitsidwa ndi njira zaposachedwa kwambiri zachitetezo, kuyimitsa kumbuyo kodziyimira pawokha, sunroof, kutseka kwapakati, ABS ndi matekinoloje ena apamwamba.
- 1988 - Kusintha kwakusintha kwa 740 GTL kumawonekera.
- 1990 - 760 yasinthidwa ndi Volvo 960, yomwe imakhala ndi chitetezo, kuphatikiza ndi injini yamphamvu komanso kufalitsa kwabwino.
- 1991 - 850 GL imakhazikitsa njira zowonjezera zachitetezo monga kuteteza mbali kwa woyendetsa komanso okwera komanso kumangirira lamba wapampando asanagundane.
- 1994 - Chitsanzo champhamvu kwambiri m'mbiri yopanga magalimoto ku Sweden chikuwonekera - 850 T-5R. Pansi pa galimotoyo panali injini yamagalimoto yomwe imapanga mphamvu za akavalo 250.
- 1995 - Chifukwa cha mgwirizano ndi Mitsubishi, pali chitsanzo chomwe chinasonkhana ku Holland - S40 ndi V40.
- 1996 - kampaniyo imayambitsa C70 yotembenuka. Kupanga kwa mndandanda wa 850th kumatha. M'malo mwake, mtundu wa 70 kumbuyo kwa S (sedan) ndi V (station wagon) umakhala wonyamula.
- 1997 - S80 mndandanda - galimoto kalasi bizinesi, yomwe ili ndi injini turbocharged ndi dongosolo onse gudumu pagalimoto.
- 2000 - mtunduwo umadzaza mzere wamagalimoto oyendetsa bwino ndi mtundu wa Cross Country.
- 2002 - Volvo amakhala wopanga ma crossovers ndi ma SUV. XC90 idawonetsedwa pa Detroit Auto Show.
Mu 2017, oyang'anira mtunduwo adalengeza modabwitsa: wopanga makinawo akuchoka pakupanga magalimoto okhala ndi ma injini oyaka mkati ndikusinthira kukulitsa magalimoto amagetsi ndi hybrids. Posachedwa, kampani yaku Sweden idakonzekereranso kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwambiri kwamagalimoto ake akunja mpaka 180 km / h kuti apititse patsogolo chitetezo cham'misewu.
Nayi kanema wamfupi wazomwe magalimoto a Volvo amawerengedwa kuti ndiotetezeka kwambiri:
Mafunso ndi Mayankho:
Eni ake a Volvo ndi ndani? Volvo Cars ndi wopanga magalimoto aku Sweden ndi magalimoto omwe adakhazikitsidwa mu 1927. Kuyambira Marichi 2010, kampaniyo idakhala ya wopanga waku China Geely Automobile.
Kodi Volvo XC90 idapangidwa kuti? Mosiyana ndi zomwe anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mitundu ya Volvo imasonkhanitsidwa ku Norway, Switzerland kapena Germany, mafakitale aku Europe ali ku Torslanda (Sweden) ndi Ghent (Belgium).
Kodi mawu oti Volvo amatanthauziridwa motani? Mawu akuti "Volvo" achilatini adagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi SRF (mtundu wa kholo la kampaniyo) ngati mawu ake. Kutanthauziridwa kuti "kupota, kupota." Patapita nthawi, njira ya "roll" inakhazikitsidwa.