Mbiri ya mtundu wa magalimoto a Porsche
Zamkatimu
Magalimoto opanga opanga aku Germany amadziwika padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha masewera awo komanso kapangidwe kake kokongola. Kampaniyo idakhazikitsidwa ndi Ferdinand Porsche. Tsopano likulu lili ku Germany, Stuttgart.
Malinga ndi zomwe zidafotokozedwa mu 2010, magalimoto a automaker awa amakhala pamalo apamwamba kwambiri pakati pa magalimoto onse padziko lapansi pankhani yodalirika. Mtundu wamagalimotowo umagwira nawo ntchito yopanga magalimoto apamwamba, ma sedans okongola ndi ma SUV.
Kampaniyo ikukula mwachangu pantchito zothamangitsa magalimoto. Izi zimalola akatswiri ake kupanga zida zatsopano, zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mitundu ya anthu wamba. Chiyambireni mtundu woyamba, magalimoto amtunduwu adasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe okongola, ndipo ponena za chitonthozo, amagwiritsa ntchito zotsogola zomwe zimapangitsa mayendedwe kukhala abwino kuyenda komanso kuyenda mwamphamvu.
Mbiri ya Porsche
Asanayambe kupanga magalimoto ake, F. Porsche adagwirizana ndi wopanga Auto Union, yemwe adapanga mtundu wamagalimoto a mtundu wa 22.
Galimoto anali okonzeka ndi injini 6 yamphamvu. Wopangayo adatenganso nawo gawo pakupanga kwa VW Kafer. Zomwe adakumana nazo zathandiza woyambitsa mtundu wapamwamba kuti atenge malire apamwamba kwambiri pamakampani agalimoto.
Nazi zochitika zazikulu zomwe kampani idakumana nazo:
- 1931 - maziko a bizinesi, omwe adzayang'ana pakupanga ndi kupanga magalimoto. Poyamba, inali studio yaying'ono yopanga yomwe idagwirizana ndi makampani otchuka agalimoto nthawi imeneyo. Chizindikirocho chisanakhazikitsidwe, Ferdinand adagwira ntchito zaka zoposa 15 ku Daimler (anali ndiudindo wopanga wamkulu komanso membala wa komiti).
- 1937 - Dzikoli limafunikira galimoto yabwino komanso yodalirika yomwe ingathe kuwonetsedwa ku European Marathon kuchokera ku Berlin kupita ku Roma. Chochitikacho chidakonzekera 1939. Ntchito ya a Ferdinand Porsche Sr idaperekedwa ku National Sports Committee, yomwe idavomerezedwa nthawi yomweyo.
- 1939 - chitsanzo choyamba chikuwonekera, chomwe chidzakhala maziko a magalimoto ambiri otsatira.
- 1940-1945 kupanga magalimoto kwazizira chifukwa chakubuka kwa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Fakitale ya Porsche ipangidwanso kuti ipange ndikupanga amphibians, zida zankhondo komanso magalimoto amisewu yoyimira oimira likulu.
- 1945 - wamkulu wa kampaniyo amapita kundende chifukwa cha milandu yankhondo (kuthandiza pakupanga zida zankhondo, mwachitsanzo, mbewa yolemera heavy Mouse ndi Tiger R). Mwana wamwamuna wa Ferdinand Ferry Anton Ernst atenga udindowu. Amaganiza zopanga magalimoto mwanjira zake. Mtundu woyambira woyamba anali 356. Analandira injini yoyambira ndi thupi la aluminium.
- 1948 - Ferry Porsche alandila chizindikiritso cha 356. Galimoto imalandira seti yathunthu kuchokera ku Kafer, yomwe imaphatikizapo injini yopanda mpweya 4-silinda, kuyimitsidwa ndi kufalitsa.
- 1950 - Kampaniyo ibwerera ku Stuttgart. Kuyambira chaka chino, magalimoto adasiya kugwiritsa ntchito aluminiyamu popanga zolimbitsa thupi. Ngakhale izi zidapangitsa makinawo kukhala olemera pang'ono, chitetezo mkati mwawo chidakulirako.
- 1951 - yemwe adayambitsa chizindikirocho amwalira chifukwa choti thanzi lake lakhala lofooka panthawi yomwe anali m'ndende (adakhala zaka pafupifupi ziwiri kumeneko). Mpaka zaka zoyambirira za m'ma 2, kampaniyo idakwanitsa kupanga magalimoto okhala ndi matupi osiyanasiyana. Chitukuko chikuchitikanso kuti apange injini zamphamvu. Kotero, mu 60, magalimoto kale anali atanyamula makina oyaka mkati, omwe anali ndi mphamvu ya malita 1954, ndipo mphamvu zawo zinafika 1,1 hp. Nthawi imeneyi, mitundu yatsopano yamatupi imawonekera, mwachitsanzo, hardtop (werengani za mawonekedwe amthupi amenewa mu ndemanga yapadera) ndi roadster (kuti mumve zambiri za mtundu uwu wa thupi, werengani apa). Zipangizo `` Volkswagen '' pang'onopang'ono kuchotsedwa kasinthidwe, ndi analogues awo. Pa mtundu wa 356A, ndizotheka kuyitanitsa magulu amagetsi okhala ndi ma camshafts 4. Dongosolo loyatsira limalandira ma coil awiri oyatsira. Mofananamo ndi kusinthidwa kwamitundu yamagalimoto, magalimoto amasewera akupangidwa, mwachitsanzo, 550 Spyder.
- 1963-76 Galimoto yamakampani yabanja ili kale ndi mbiri yabwino. Pofika nthawiyo, mtunduwo unali utalandira kale mndandanda wambiri - A ndi B. Pofika koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 60, mainjiniya anali atapanga mtundu wina wamagalimoto otsatira - 695. Ponena kuti atulutse mndandanda kapena ayi, oyang'anira mtunduwo sanavomereze. Ena amakhulupirira kuti galimoto yothamanga inali isanathetse chuma chake, pomwe ena anali otsimikiza kuti inali nthawi yokulitsa mtunduwo. Mulimonsemo, kuyamba kwa kupanga galimoto ina nthawi zonse kumalumikizidwa ndi chiopsezo chachikulu - omvera sangachilandire, ndichifukwa chake kuyenera kufunafuna ndalama zantchito yatsopano.
- 1963 - Ku Frankfurt Motor Show, lingaliro la Porsche 911 lidaperekedwa kwa mafani opanga zatsopano zamagalimoto. injini ya nkhonya, oyendetsa kumbuyo. Komabe, galimotoyo inali ndi mizere yoyambirira yamasewera. Galimoto poyamba inali ndi injini ya 2,0-lita yokhala ndi mphamvu ya mahatchi 130. Pambuyo pake, galimoto imakhala yodziwika bwino, komanso nkhope ya kampaniyo.
- 1966 - mtundu wokondedwa wa 911 umasintha thupi - Targa (mtundu wosinthika, womwe ungathe werengani mosiyana).
- Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1970 - makamaka kusintha "kolipidwa" kumawonekera - Carrera RS ndi injini ya 2,7 lita ndi analogue ake - RSR.
- 1968 - Mdzukulu wa woyambitsa kampaniyo amagwiritsa ntchito 2/3 ya bajeti yapachaka ya kampaniyo kuti apange magalimoto amasewera 25 mwa kapangidwe kake - Porsche 917. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi director director adaganiza kuti chizindikirocho chikuyenera kutenga nawo mbali pa 24 Le Mans car marathon. Izi zidapangitsa kuti banja lisasangalale nazo, chifukwa chifukwa chakulephera kwa ntchitoyi, kampaniyo idatha. Ngakhale anali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, Ferdinand Piëch akubweretsa nkhaniyi kumapeto, zomwe zimapangitsa kampani kuti ipambane pa mpikisano wotchuka.
- Mu theka lachiwiri la 60s, mtundu wina udabwera mndandanda. Mgwirizano wa Porsche-Volkswagen unagwira ntchitoyi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti VW idafunikira galimoto yamasewera, ndipo Porshe amafunikira mtundu watsopano womwe ungalowe m'malo mwa 911, koma mtundu wake wotsika mtengo wokhala ndi injini ya 356.
- 1969 - Kupanga mtundu wopanga wophatikizira wa Volkswagen-Porsche 914. Injiniyo inali mgalimoto kumbuyo kumbuyo kwa mipando yakutsogolo kumbuyo kwazitsulo. Thupi limakondedwa kale ndi Targa zambiri, ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi inali yamphamvu 4 kapena 6. Chifukwa cha malonda osaganizira bwino, komanso mawonekedwe achilendo, mtunduwo sunalandire yankho lomwe amayembekezera.
- 1972 - kampaniyo idasintha kapangidwe kake kuchokera kubizinesi yabanja kupita pagulu. Tsopano ali ndi manambala oyamba AG m'malo mwa KG. Ngakhale banja la a Porsche lidagonjetsedwa ndi kampaniyo, likulu lalikulu lidali m'manja mwa Ferdinand Jr. Zina zonse zidakhala za VW. Kampaniyo inali kutsogozedwa ndi wogwira ntchito ku dipatimenti yopanga injini - Ernst Fuhrmann. Chisankho chake choyamba chinali chiyambi cha kupanga chitsanzo 928 ndi injini 8 yamphamvu ili kutsogolo. Galimoto m'malo mwa 911 yotchuka. Mpaka pomwe adasiya udindo wa CEO m'ma 80s, mzere wamagalimoto odziwika sunakhalepo.
- 1976 - pansi pa galimoto ya Porsche panali zida zamagetsi kuchokera kwa mnzake - VW. Chitsanzo cha mitundu iyi ndi 924th, 928th ndi 912th. Kampaniyo imayang'ana kwambiri pakupanga magalimoto amenewa.
- 1981 - Fuerman achotsedwa paudindo wa CEO, ndipo woyang'anira Peter Schutz amasankhidwa m'malo mwake. Munthawi yake, 911 imapezanso mwayi wosatchulidwa ngati mtundu wofunikira kwambiri. Imalandira zosintha zingapo zakunja ndi ukadaulo, zomwe zimawonetsedwa pazolemba zingapo. Chifukwa chake, Carrera yasinthidwa ndi injini yomwe imafika 231 hp, Turbo ndi Carrera Clubsport.
- 1981-88 idapanga mtundu wa 959 rally.Iyi inaliukadaulo weniweni: injini ya 6-cylinder 2,8-lita yokhala ndi ma turbocharger awiri opangidwa ndi 450hp, kuyendetsa magudumu anayi, kuyimitsidwa kosintha ndi zida zinayi zoyendetsa pagudumu lililonse (zitha kusintha malo magalimoto), thupi la Kevlar. Mu mpikisano wa Paris-Dakkar mu 1986, galimotoyo idabweretsa malo awiri oyamba.
- 1989-98 zosintha zazikulu pamndandanda wa 911, komanso magalimoto amasewera kutsogolo, zatha. Magalimoto atsopano kwambiri amawoneka - Boxter. Kampaniyo ikudutsa munthawi yovuta yomwe imakhudza kwambiri mavuto azachuma.
- 1993 - director wa kampaniyo asinthanso. Tsopano akukhala V. Videking. Munthawi ya 81 mpaka 93, owongolera anayi adasinthidwa. Mavuto apadziko lonse lapansi a 4 adasiya chizindikiro pakupanga magalimoto a mtundu wotchuka waku Germany. Mpaka 90, chizindikirocho chakhala chikusintha mitundu yazomwe zilipo, kulimbikitsa ma mota, kukonza kuyimitsidwa ndikukonzanso zolimbitsa thupi (koma osasiya mawonekedwe achikale a Porsche).
- 1996 - kupanga "nkhope" yatsopano ya kampaniyo - mtundu wa 986 Boxter ukuyamba. Chogulitsachi chatsopano chimagwiritsa ntchito boxer motor (boxer), ndipo thupi limapangidwa ngati roadster. Ndi mtunduwu, bizinesi ya kampaniyo idakwera pang'ono. Galimotoyo inali yotchuka mpaka 2003, pomwe 955 Cayenne adalowa mumsika. Chomera chimodzi sichingathe kunyamula katunduyo, motero kampaniyo ikupanga mafakitale ena ambiri.
- 1998 - kupanga kwa "air" kosinthidwa kwa 911 kwatsekedwa, ndipo mwana wamwamuna woyambitsa kampaniyo, Ferry Porsche, amwalira.
- 1998 - Carrera yemwe wasinthidwa (m'badwo wachinayi wosinthika) akuwonekera, komanso mitundu iwiri ya okonda magalimoto - 4 Turbo ndi GT966 (asintha chidule cha RS).
- 2002 - ku Geneva Motor Show, chizindikirocho chikuwulula galimoto yothandiza ya Cayenne. Mwanjira zambiri, ndizofanana ndi VW Touareg, chifukwa chitukuko cha galimotoyi chidachitika limodzi ndi dzina "logwirizana" (kuyambira 1993, udindo wa Volkswagen CEO umakhala ndi mdzukulu wa Ferdinand Porsche, F. Piëch).
- 2004 - lingaliro lalikulu la Carrera GT limayambitsidwa yomwe idawonetsedwa ku Geneva Motor Show mu 2000. Zatsopanozo zidalandira 10-silinda V yooneka ngati injini ya 5,7 malita ndi mphamvu yayikulu ya 612 hp. Thupi lagalimotoyi lidapangidwa ndi zinthu zingapo, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mpweya wa kaboni. Mphamvu yamagetsi idaphatikizidwa ndi bokosi lamiyala 6-liwiro yokhala ndi clutch ya ceramic. Dongosolo la mabuleki linali ndi zida za kaboni za ceramic. Mpaka 2007, malinga ndi zotsatira za mpikisano ku Nurburgring, galimotoyi inali yofulumira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi pamitundu yopanga misewu. Pagani Zonda F. adathyoledwa ndi ma millisecond 50 okha
- Mpaka pano, kampaniyo ikupitilizabe kukondweretsa okonda masewera m'magalimoto apamwamba ndikutulutsa mitundu yatsopano yamphamvu kwambiri, monga Panamera. Mphamvu 300 pa 2010 ndi Cayenne Coupe 40 zamphamvu kwambiri (2019). Cayenne Turbo Coupe idakhala imodzi mwazopindulitsa kwambiri. Gulu lake lamphamvu limapanga mphamvu ya 550hp.
- 2019 - Kampaniyo idalipitsidwa chindapusa cha 535 miliyoni chifukwa ma injini omwe adagwiritsa ntchito kuchokera ku Audi, omwe, malinga ndi zachilengedwe, sanakwaniritse zomwe zanenedwa.
Eni ake ndi oyang'anira
Kampaniyo idakhazikitsidwa ndi wopanga waku Germany F. Porsche Sr. mu 1931. Poyamba inali kampani yotsekedwa yomwe inali ya banja. Chifukwa cha mgwirizano wogwira ntchito ndi Volkswagen, chizindikirocho chadutsa ngati kampani yaboma, mnzake wamkulu wa VW. Izi zidachitika mu 1972.
M'mbiri yonse yakudziwika kwa mtunduwu, banja la a Porsche linali ndi gawo la mkango likulu. Zina zonse zinali za mlongo wawo dzina lake VW. Zokhudzana ndikuti CEO wa VW kuyambira 1993 ndi mdzukulu wa woyambitsa Porsche, Ferdinand Piëch.
Mu 2009, Piëch adasaina mgwirizano wophatikiza makampani am'banja kukhala gulu limodzi. Kuyambira 2012, chizindikirocho chimakhala chikugawika mosiyana ndi gulu la VAG.
Mbiri ya logo
M'mbiri yonse ya mtundu wapamwamba, mitundu yonse yavala ndipo imavalabe logo imodzi. Chizindikirocho chikuwonetsa chishango chamitundu itatu, pakati pake pali mawonekedwe a kavalo wolera.
Kumbuyo (chishango chokhala ndi nyerere ndi mikwingwirima yofiira ndi yakuda) chidatengedwa kuchokera ku mikono ya Free People's State of Württemberg, yomwe idakhalapo mpaka 1945. Hatchiyo idatengedwa m'manja mwa mzinda wa Stuttgart (likulu la Württemberg). Izi zikukumbutsani za chiyambi cha mzindawu - idakhazikitsidwa ngati famu yayikulu yamahatchi (mu 950).
Chizindikiro cha Porsche chidawonekera mu 1952 pomwe madera a mtunduwo adafika ku United States. Asanakhazikitsidwe makampani, magalimoto amangokhala ndi logo ya Porsche.
Kuchita nawo mafuko
Kuyambira pomwe mtundu woyamba wamgalimoto yamasewera, kampaniyo yatenga nawo mbali pamipikisano yosiyanasiyana yamagalimoto. Nazi zina mwazomwe mtundu wakwanitsa:
- Mipikisano yopambana pa Maola 24 a Le Mans (Model 356, aluminium body);
- Kufika m'misewu ya Mexico Carrera Panamericana (yochitika zaka 4 kuyambira 1950);
- Mpikisano wopirira waku Italy Mille Miglia, womwe udachitika m'misewu yapagulu (kuyambira 1927 mpaka 57);
- Mipikisano yamagalimoto a Targo Florio ku Sicily (yomwe idachitika pakati pa 1906-77);
- Mpikisano wothana ndi mphete wa maola 12 pamalo omwe kale anali ndege ku Sebring, Florida, USA (yomwe imachitika chaka chilichonse kuyambira 1952);
- Mipikisano yotsatira gulu la Germany Automobile Club ku Nurburgring, yomwe yakhala ikuchitika kuyambira 1927;
- Misonkhano yampikisano ku Monte Carlo;
- Masewera Paris-Dakkar.
Zonse pamodzi, chizindikirocho chili ndi zopambana 28 pamipikisano yonse yomwe yatchulidwa.
Chingwe
Masanjidwe a kampaniyo akuphatikizapo magalimoto ofunikira otsatirawa.
Prototypes
- 1947-48 - choyimira # 1 kutengera VW Kafer. Mtunduwo udatchedwa 356. Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito mmenemo inali yamtundu wankhonya.
- 1988 - womulowetsa ku Panamera, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi chassis ya 922 ndi 993.
Mitundu yama serial masewera (okhala ndi ma boxer motors)
- 1948-56 - galimoto yoyamba kupanga - Porsche 356;
- 1964-75 - 911, yomwe inali ndi nambala ya nyumba 901, koma nambala iyi sinathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamndandandawu, popeza Peugeot anali ndi ufulu wodzilemba okha;
- 1965-69; 1976 - mtanda pakati pa 911 (mawonekedwe) ndi 356 (powertrain) mitundu, yomwe idapangitsa kuti galimotoyo ikhale yotsika mtengo - 912;
- 1970-76 - 912 atachoka pamsika, chitukuko chatsopano chophatikizana ndi Volkswagen - mtundu wa 914;
- 1971 - Porsche 916 - 914 yemweyo, koma ndi injini yamphamvu kwambiri;
- 1975-89 - 911 mndandanda, m'badwo wachiwiri;
- 1987-88 - 959 yosinthidwa idalandira "Audience Award" ndipo imadziwika kuti ndigalimoto yokongola kwambiri komanso yotsogola kwambiri m'ma 80;
- 1988-93 - Model 964 - m'badwo wachitatu 911;
- 1993-98 - kusinthidwa 993 (m'badwo 4 wa mtundu waukulu wa mtundu);
- 1996-04 - chatsopano chatsopano - Boxter. Kuyambira 2004 mpaka lero, m'badwo wake wachiwiri wapangidwa;
- 1997-05 - kupanga m'badwo wachisanu wa mndandanda wa 911 (kusinthidwa 996);
- 2004-11 - Kutulutsidwa kwa m'badwo wachisanu ndi chimodzi 6 (mtundu 911)
- 2005-pano - Kupangidwa kwa Cayman wina wachilendo, yemwe ali ndi maziko ofanana ndi Boxter, ndipo ali ndi thupi lokutira;
- 2011-pano - M'badwo wachisanu ndi chiwiri wa mndandanda wa 7 udawonetsedwa ku Frankfurt Motor Show, yomwe ikupangidwabe mpaka pano.
Ma prototypes amasewera ndi magalimoto othamanga (boxer motors)
- 1953-56 - mtundu wa 550. Galimoto yokhala ndi thupi lopepuka lopanda denga la mipando iwiri;
- 1957-61 - Mid-engined racing car yokhala ndi 1,5 litre unit;
- 1961 - Galimoto yothamanga ya Formula 2, koma idagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mpikisano wa F-1 chaka chimenecho. Mtunduwo udalandira nambala 787;
- 1961-62 - 804, yomwe idabweretsa chigonjetso m'mitundu ya F1;
- 1963-65 - 904. Galimoto yothamangayo idalandira thupi lopepuka (makilogalamu 82 okha) Ndi chimango (54 kg.);
- 1966-67 - 906 - yopangidwa ndi F. Piech, mphwake wa woyambitsa kampaniyo;
- 1967-71 - kusinthidwa kwatsopano kumapangidwa kuti mutenge nawo mbali pamitundu yotsekedwa ndi pakhosi - 907-910;
- 1969-73 917 ipambana 2 kupambana kwa kampani m'mipikisano ya Le Mans;
- 1976-77 - Mtundu wa racing wa 934 wosinthidwa;
- 1976-81 - kupanga imodzi mwazosintha kwambiri pazaka izi - 935. Galimoto yamasewera idabweretsa zopambana zoposa 150 m'mitundu yonse;
- 1976-81 - mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri wamtundu wakale udawonetsedwa 936;
- 1982-84 - Adapanga galimoto yothamanga pa World Championship yomwe FIA idachita;
- 1985-86 - Model 961 idapangidwira kupirira kuthamanga
- 1996-98 - Kutsegulidwa kwa mbadwo wotsatira wa 993 GT1, womwe umalandira dzina la 996 GT1.
Magalimoto othamangitsa omwe ali ndi injini yapa intaneti
- 1976-88 - 924 - makina ozizira amadzi adagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba pachitsanzo ichi;
- 1979-82-924 Turbo;
- 1981 - 924 Carrera GT, yosinthidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito m'misewu yapagulu;
- 1981-91 - 944, m'malo mwa mtundu wa 924;
- 1985-91 - 944 Turbo, yomwe idalandira injini ya turbocharged;
- 1992-95 - 968. Model imatseka kampaniyo yamagalimoto oyenda kutsogolo.
Magalimoto othamangitsa omwe ali ndi injini zopangidwa ndi V
- 1977-95 - 928 mchaka chachiwiri chopanga, mtunduwo udadziwika kuti ndi galimoto yabwino kwambiri pakati pa mitundu yaku Europe;
- 2003-06 - Carrera GT, yemwe adalemba dziko ku Nürburgring, komwe kudakhala mpaka 2007;
- 2009-pano - Panamera - mtundu wokhala ndi makina okhala ndi mipando inayi yakutsogolo (yokhala ndi driver). Okonzeka ndi kumbuyo kapena gudumu pagalimoto;
- 2013-15 - Model 918 imatulutsidwa - supercar yayikulu yopangira magetsi osakanizidwa. Galimoto anasonyeza mkulu wa dzuwa - kugonjetsa makilomita 100, galimoto anafunika malita atatu okha ndi magalamu 100 a mafuta.
Crossovers ndi ma SUV
- 1954-58 - 597 Jagdwagen - woyamba SUV chimango zonse
- 2002-pano - kupanga Cayenne crossover, yomwe inali ndi injini ya 8-V yamtundu wa V. Mu 2010, mtunduwo udalandira m'badwo wachiwiri;
- 2013-pano - Macan yaying'ono kusinthana.
Pamapeto pa kuwunikaku, timapereka kanema wachidule wokhudza kusintha kwa magalimoto aku Germany:
Mafunso ndi Mayankho:
Ndi dziko liti lomwe limapanga Porsche? Likulu la kampaniyo lili ku Germany (Stuttgart), ndipo magalimoto amasonkhanitsidwa ku Leipzig, Osnabrück, Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen. Ku Slovakia kuli fakitale.
Kodi mlengi wa Porsche ndi ndani? Kampaniyo idakhazikitsidwa ndi wopanga Ferdinand Porsche mu 1931. Masiku ano, theka la magawo a kampaniyo ndi la Volkswagen AG.