Mbiri ya Lada yamagalimoto

Mbiri ya mtundu wamagalimoto a Lada idayamba ndi chomera chachikulu cha magalimoto OJSC Avtovaz. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu kwambiri zopangira magalimoto ku Russia ndi Europe. Lero, bizinesi imayendetsedwa ndi Renault-Nissan ndi Rostec. 

Pakadali bizinesi, pafupifupi magalimoto 30 miliyoni asonkhanitsidwa, ndipo mitundu yake ndi pafupifupi 50. Kupanga ndi kutulutsa mitundu yatsopano yamagalimoto chinali chochitika chachikulu m'mbiri yopanga magalimoto. 

Woyambitsa

M'nthawi ya Soviet Union, kunalibe magalimoto m'misewu. Ena mwa iwo anali Pobeda ndi Moskvich, omwe sanathe kukwanitsa banja lililonse. Zachidziwikire, kupanga koteroko kumafunikira komwe kumatha kupereka kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe. Izi zidalimbikitsa atsogoleri achipani cha Soviet kuti aganizire zopanga chimphona chatsopano pamakampani agalimoto.

Pa Julayi 20, 1966, utsogoleri wa USSR adaganiza kuti ndikofunikira kupanga fakitale yamagalimoto ku Togliatti. Lero lidakhala tsiku lokhala maziko a m'modzi mwa atsogoleri amakampani azamagalimoto aku Russia. 

Kuti chomera chamagalimoto chiwonekere mwachangu ndikuyamba kugwira bwino ntchito, utsogoleri wadziko lino udaganiza kuti ndikofunikira kukopa akatswiri akunja. Mtundu wamagalimoto waku Italiya FIAT, womwe ndiwodziwika ku Europe, adasankhidwa kukhala mlangizi. Chifukwa chake, mu 1966 nkhawa iyi idatulutsa FIAT 124, yomwe idalandira mutu wa "Car of the Year". Mtundu wa galimotoyo udakhala maziko omwe pambuyo pake adakhala maziko a magalimoto oyamba apanyumba.

Kukula kwa zomangamanga za Komsomol kunali kwakukulu. Ntchito yomanga chomeracho inayamba mu 1967. Zida za chimphona chatsopano cha mafakitale chinapangidwa ndi antchito a mabizinesi a 844 a USSR ndi 900 akunja. Ntchito yomanga galimotoyo inamalizidwa mu nthawi yolembera - zaka 3,5 m'malo mwa zaka 6. Mu 1970, galimoto anatulutsa magalimoto 6 - VAZ 2101 Zhiguli. 

Chizindikiro

Chizindikiro cha Lada chakhala chikusintha pakapita nthawi. Mtundu woyamba kudziwika udawonekera mu 1970. Chizindikirocho chinali bwato, lomwe lidalembedwa kuti "B", lomwe limatanthauza "VAZ". Kalatayo inali mu pentagon yofiira. Wolemba chizindikiro ichi anali Alexander Dekalenkov, yemwe ankagwira ntchito yomanga thupi. Pambuyo pake. mu 1974, pentagon idasinthasintha, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ofiira adasowa ndikusinthidwa ndi wakuda. Lero chizindikirochi chikuwoneka motere: chowulungika pabuluu (buluu wonyezimira) pali bwato lasiliva ngati chilembo chachikhalidwe "B", chopangidwa ndi chimango cha siliva. Chizindikirochi chakhazikitsidwa kuyambira 2002.

Mbiri yamagalimoto pamitundu

Choncho, woyamba m'mbiri ya mtsogoleri wa zomera Soviet anatuluka galimoto "Zhiguli" VAZ-2101, amenenso analandira dzina "Kopeyka" pakati pa anthu. Mapangidwe a galimoto anali ofanana ndi FIAT-124. Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha galimotoyo chinali tsatanetsatane wa kupanga zoweta. Malinga ndi akatswiri, izo zinali pafupifupi 800 kusiyana chitsanzo yachilendo. Anali ndi ng'oma, chilolezo chapansi chinawonjezeka, ziwalo monga thupi ndi kuyimitsidwa zinalimbikitsidwa. Izi zinapangitsa kuti galimotoyo igwirizane ndi momwe msewu ulili komanso kusintha kwa kutentha. Galimotoyo inali ndi injini ya carburetor, yomwe ili ndi mphamvu ziwiri: 64 ndi 69 ndiyamphamvu. Liwiro chitsanzo ichi akhoza kukhala mpaka 142 ndi 148 Km / h, imathandizira makilomita zana pasanathe masekondi 20. N’zoona kuti galimotoyo inkafunika kukonzedwanso. Galimoto iyi inali chiyambi cha mndandanda wa Classic. Kutulutsidwa kwake kunapitirira mpaka 1988. Ponseponse, mu mbiri ya kutulutsidwa kwa galimoto iyi, pafupifupi 5 miliyoni sedan muzosintha zonse zidagubuduza kuchokera pamzere wa msonkhano.

Galimoto yachiwiri - VAZ-2101 - inawonekera mu 1972. Inali kope lamakono la VAZ-2101, koma kumbuyo kwa gudumu. Komanso, thunthu la galimoto wakhala lalikulu.

Pa nthawi yomweyi, msika wamphamvu kwambiri wa VAZ-2103 udawonekera, womwe udatumizidwa kale ndikutchedwa Lada 1500. Galimoto iyi inali ndi injini ya 1,5-lita, mphamvu yake inali 77 ya akavalo. Galimotoyo idatha kupitilira 152 km / h, ndikufikira 100 km / h mkati mwa masekondi 16. Izi zidapangitsa kuti galimotoyo ipikisane pamsika wakunja. Galimotoyo idakutidwa ndi pulasitiki, komanso kutchingira phokoso kumayambitsidwanso. M'zaka 12 za kupanga Vaz-2103, wopanga amapanga magalimoto opitilira 1,3 miliyoni.

Kuyambira 1976, "Togliatti Automobile Plant" yatulutsa chitsanzo chatsopano - VAZ-2106. amatchedwa "chisanu ndi chimodzi". Galimoto iyi idakhala yotchuka kwambiri munthawi yake. Injini ya galimotoyo inali 1,6-lita, mphamvu inali 75 ndiyamphamvu. galimoto anayamba liwiro la 152 Km / h. "Zisanu ndi chimodzi" adalandira zatsopano zakunja, kuphatikizapo zizindikiro zotembenukira, komanso grill yopuma mpweya. Chinthu cha chitsanzo ichi chinali kukhalapo kwa chowotcha chowotcha chowongoleredwa ndi mawilo, komanso alamu. Panalinso chizindikiro chotsika cha brake fluid, komanso rheostat yowunikira pa dashboard. Muzosintha zotsatirazi za "zisanu ndi chimodzi", panali kale wailesi, nyali zachifunga, ndi chowotcha kumbuyo kwazenera.

Galimoto yotsatira yotchuka yopangidwa ndi chomera cha Togliatti inali VAZ-2121 kapena Niva SUV. Mtunduwo unali wamagudumu onse, anali ndi injini ya 1,6-lita ndi chisilamu chimango. Bokosi lamagalimoto lakhala liwiro zinayi. Galimoto idayamba kutumizidwa kunja. 50% ya mayunitsi omwe adapangidwa adagulitsidwa kumsika wakunja. Mu 1978 ku Brno pachionetsero chapadziko lonse lapansi mtunduwu udadziwika kuti ndi wabwino kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, VAZ-2121 idatulutsidwa mwanjira yapadera ndi injini ya 1,3-lita, ndipo mtundu wakumanja woyendetsa kunja udawonekeranso.

1979 mpaka 2010 AvtoVAZ idatulutsa VAZ-2105. Galimoto inalowa m'malo mwa VAZ-2101. Kutengera mtundu watsopano, VAZ-2107 ndi VAZ-2104 zidzatulutsidwa.

Galimoto yomaliza kuchokera kubanja la "Classic" idapangidwa mu 1984. Zinali Vaz-2107. Kusiyana kwa Vaz-2105 munali nyali, bumpers mtundu watsopano, Grill mpweya ndi nyumba. Kuphatikiza apo, mpando wamagalimoto wagalimoto wayamba kukhala bwino kwambiri. Makina anali ndi lakutsogolo kusinthidwa, komanso ozizira mpweya deflector.

Kuyambira 1984, Vaz-210 Samara anayamba, amene anali hatchback atatu khomo. chitsanzo anali okonzeka ndi injini zinayi yamphamvu mu njira zitatu voliyumu - 1,1. .3 ndi 1,5, zomwe zingakhale jekeseni kapena carburetor. galimotoyo inali kutsogolo kwa gudumu. 

Kubwezeretsa mtundu wakale anali VAZ-2109 "Sputnik", yomwe idalandira zitseko zisanu. Imeneyi ndi galimoto yoyendetsa kutsogolo.

Zitsanzo ziwiri zomaliza zidakumana ndi zovuta pamsewu.

Chitsanzo chomaliza cha nthawi ya Soviet chinali VAZ-21099, chomwe chinali khomo lazitseko zinayi. 

Mu 1995, "AvtoVAZ" anatulutsa chitsanzo otsiriza pambuyo Soviet - VAZ-2110, kapena "khumi". Galimotoyo inali mu mapulani kuyambira 1989, koma panthawi zovuta zamavuto, sikunali kotheka kumasula. Galimoto okonzeka ndi injini mu mitundu iwiri: 8 vavu 1,5-lita ndi 79 ndiyamphamvu kapena 16 vavu 1,6-lita ndi 92 ndiyamphamvu. Galimotoyi inali ya banja la Samara.

Mpaka kutulutsidwa kwa LADA Priora, ma restyling ambiri "angapo" okhala ndi matupi osiyanasiyana adapangidwa: hatchback, coupe ndi station wagon.

Mu 2007, galimoto chomera anamasulidwa Vaz-2115, amene anali khomo zinayi khomo. Uyu ndi wolandila wa VAZ-21099, koma ali ndi zida zowonongera, chowonjezera chowunikira. Kuphatikiza apo, ma bumpers adapangidwa utoto kuti agwirizane ndi mtundu wa galimotoyo, panali zoyeserera, matawuni atsopano. Poyamba, galimotoyo inali ndi injini ya 1,5 ndi 1,6 lita ya carburetor. Mu 2000, galimoto anali okonzeka ndi unit mphamvu ndi jekeseni multipoint mafuta.

Mu 1998, minivans zopanga zoweta anayamba kupangidwa - Vaz-2120. Mtunduwu unali ndi nsanja yayitali ndipo inali yoyendetsa mawilo onse. Komabe, makina oterowo sanali ofunikira ndipo kupanga kwake kunatha.

Mu 1999, chitsanzo chotsatira chinawonekera - "Lada-Kalina", chomwe chinapangidwa kuyambira 1993. Poyamba, kuwonekera koyamba kunachitika ndi thupi la hatchback, ndiye sedan ndi siteshoni ngolo anamasulidwa. 

Mbadwo wotsatira wamagalimoto a Lada-Kalina wapangidwa kuyambira Julayi 2007. Tsopano Kalina anali ndi injini ya malita 1,4 yokhala ndi ma valve 16. Mu Seputembala, galimotoyo idalandira dongosolo la ASB. Galimoto imasinthidwa nthawi zonse.

Kuyambira 2008, 75% yamagawo a AvtoVAZ anali a Renault-Nissan. Chaka chotsatira, chomeracho chinali ndi mavuto azachuma, kupanga kunachepetsedwa kawiri. Monga chithandizo cha boma, ma ruble 2 biliyoni adagawidwa, ndipo mtundu wa mabizinesi a Togliatti adaphatikizidwa mu pulogalamu yaboma yoperekera ndalama pamalingo agalimoto. `` Renault '' pa nthawi anapereka kupereka Lada, `` Renault '' ndi `` Nissan '' pamaziko a ntchito. Mu Disembala 25, mgwirizano pakati pa Renault ndi kampani yaboma Rostec udapangidwa, womwe tsopano uli ndi zopitilira 2012 peresenti ya magawo a AvtoVAZ.

Meyi 2011 adadziwika ndi kutulutsidwa kwa bajeti ya LADA Granta, yomwe idatengera galimoto ya Kalina. Kubwezeretsa thupi lokweza kumbuyo kudayamba mu 2013. Galimotoyo inali ndi injini ya mafuta yokhala ndi jekeseni wamafuta, womwe mphamvu yake ndi malita 1,6. Chitsanzocho chimaperekedwa pamitundu itatu yamphamvu: 87, 98, 106 ndiyamphamvu. Galimoto idalandira gearbox lokha.

Chitsanzo chotsatira ndi Lada Largus. Galimoto imapangidwa m'mitundu itatu: van yonyamula katundu, ngolo yamagalimoto ndi ngolo yowonjezereka. Zosankha ziwiri zomaliza zitha kukhala zokhala 5 kapena 7. 

Masiku ano mzere wa Lada uli ndi mabanja asanu: Largus station wagon, Kalina liftback ndi sedan, ndi chitseko cha 4x4 chachitatu kapena chachisanu. Makina onse amatsatira mfundo zachilengedwe zaku Europe. Mitundu yatsopano ikukonzekereranso kuti amasulidwe.