Mbiri ya galimoto ya mtundu wa GAZ

Gorky Automobile Plant (chidule cha GAZ) ndi imodzi mwamakampani akulu kwambiri pamsika wamagalimoto ku Russia. Kudziwika kwenikweni kwa kampaniyo kumayang'ana pakupanga magalimoto, magalimoto, minibasi, komanso chitukuko cha magalimoto. Likulu ili ku Nizhny Novgorod.

Mbiri yakampaniyo idayamba m'nthawi ya USSR. Chomeracho chinakhazikitsidwa mu 1929 ndi lamulo lapadera la boma la Soviet kuti lipititse patsogolo kupanga magalimoto mdzikolo. Nthawi yomweyo, mgwirizano udapangidwanso ndi kampani yaku America ya Ford Motor Company, yomwe imayenera kukonzekeretsa GAZ ndi ukadaulo kuti ipange zake zokha. Kampaniyi yakhala ikuthandizira ukadaulo wazaka 5.

Monga chitsanzo cha mtundu wopanga magalimoto amtsogolo, GAZ idatenga zitsanzo za mnzake wakunja ngati Ford A ndi AA. Opanga adazindikira kuti ngakhale makampani azamagalimoto akuchulukirachulukira m'maiko ena, akuyenera kugwira ntchito molimbika ndikupanga zina zambiri zofunika.

Mu 1932, ntchito yomanga chomera cha GAZ inatha. Vector yopanga idayang'ana kwambiri pakupanga magalimoto, ndipo kale munjira yachiwiri - pamagalimoto. Koma m’kanthawi kochepa, kunapangidwa magalimoto angapo onyamula anthu, omwe ankagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ndi akuluakulu a boma.

Kufunika kwamagalimoto kunali kwakukulu, m'zaka zingapo, atapeza mbiri yayikulu ngati wopanga magalimoto wanyumba, GAZ idatulutsa galimoto yake ya 100.

Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse (Great Patriotic War), gulu la GAZ linali lokonzekera kupanga magalimoto ankhondo akunja, komanso akasinja ankhondo. "Thanki ya Molotov", mitundu ya T-38, T-60 ndi T-70 idapangidwa pa chomera cha GAZ. Nkhondo itafika pachimake, kunali kukulirakulira kwa kupanga zida zankhondo ndi matope.

Mafakitala adawonongeka kwambiri pakuphulitsa bomba, komwe kudatenga nthawi yayifupi kuti ikonzedwe, koma ntchito yambiri. Zikuwonekeranso pakuimitsidwa kwakanthawi kwamitundu ina.

Pambuyo pomangidwanso, ntchito zonse zinkapangidwira kuyambiranso kupanga. Ntchito zopanga Volga ndi Chaika zidakonzedwa. Komanso mitundu yatsopano yamitundu yakale. 

Mu 1997, mgwirizano udasainidwa ndi Fiat kuti ivomereze kukhazikitsidwa kwa mgwirizano ndi dzina la Nizhegorod Motors. Mafotokozedwe makamaka omwe anali msonkhano wa magalimoto okwera a Fiat.

Pofika kumapeto kwa 1999, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto omwe agulitsidwa kudadutsa mayunitsi 125486.

Kuyambira pachiyambi cha zaka zana zatsopano, pakhala ntchito zambiri zogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje atsopano, ndipo mgwirizano wambiri wasainidwa ndi makampani osiyanasiyana ogulitsa magalimoto. Dongosolo lazachuma silinalole kuti GAZ ikwaniritse zonse zomwe zidapangidwa, ndipo kusonkhanitsa magalimoto ambiri kunayamba kuchitika kumaofesi, omwe nawonso ali m'maiko ena.

Komanso, 2000 chizindikiro kampani ndi chochitika china: ambiri a magawo anagulidwa ndi Basic Element, ndipo mu 2001 GAZ analowa "RussPromAvto". Ndipo patatha zaka 4, dzina la wogwira ntchitoyo linasinthidwa kukhala GAZ Group, yomwe chaka chamawa imagula kampani yopanga galimoto ya Chingerezi. 

M'zaka zotsatira, mgwirizano wofunikira udakwaniritsidwa ndi makampani akunja monga Volkswagen Gulu ndi Daimler. Izi zidapangitsa kuti apange magalimoto azinthu zakunja, komanso kuwonjezera zomwe akufuna.

Woyambitsa

Gorky Automobile Plant idakhazikitsidwa ndi boma la USSR.

Chizindikiro

Chizindikiro cha GAZ ndi heptagon yokhala ndi chitsulo chasiliva chokhala ndi nswala yamtundu womwewo, womwe uli pamunsi wakuda. Pansi pali mawu akuti "GAS" okhala ndi font yapadera

Ambiri amadabwa chifukwa nswala ndi utoto pa zopangidwa galimoto GAZ. Yankho lake ndi losavuta: ngati mukuphunzira m'dera la Nizhny Novgorod, kumene kampaniyo inatsitsimutsidwa, mukhoza kumvetsetsa kuti dera lalikulu ndi nkhalango, zomwe zimakhala ndi zimbalangondo ndi agwape.

Ndi nswala zomwe ndizizindikiro za malaya a Nizhny Novgorod ndipo ndi iye amene adapatsidwa malo olemekezeka pa grille ya radiator ya mitundu ya GAZ.

Chizindikiro cha gwape wokhala ndi nyanga zokweza mokweza pamwamba chikuyimira kukhumba, liwiro komanso ulemu.

Pazitsanzo zoyambirira, panalibe chizindikiro chokhala ndi nswala, ndipo mu nthawi yankhondo chowulungika chinagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mawu akuti "GAS" olembedwa mkati, opangidwa ndi nyundo ndi chikwakwa.

Mbiri ya magalimoto a GAZ

Kumayambiriro kwa 1932, galimoto yoyamba ya kampaniyo inatulutsidwa - inali chitsanzo cha GAZ-AA cholemera matani imodzi ndi theka.

Chaka chotsatira, basi yonyamula anthu 17 idakwera pamsewu, chimango ndi khungu lake zinali zamatabwa, komanso GAZ A.

M1 yokhala ndi injini yamphamvu 4 inali galimoto yonyamula ndipo inali yodalirika. Iye anali chitsanzo chotchuka kwambiri panthawiyo. M'tsogolomu, panali zosintha zambiri zamtunduwu, mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa 415 wokhala ndi thupi, ndipo mphamvu zake zidapitilira ma kilogalamu 400.

Mtundu wa GAZ 64 udapangidwa mu 1941. Galimoto yoyenda modutsa panali magalimoto ankhondo ndipo inali yolimba makamaka.

Galimoto yoyamba yapambuyo pa nkhondo yomwe idapangidwa inali galimoto yachitsanzo 51, yomwe idatuluka mchilimwe cha 1946 ndipo idanyadira malo ake, kukhala wodalirika kwambiri komanso chuma. Inali ndi mphamvu yamagetsi 6, yomwe inayamba kuthamanga mpaka 70 km / h. Panalinso zosintha zingapo pamodzi ndi mitundu yam'mbuyomu ndipo kuchuluka kwa galimotoyo kudakulitsidwa kamodzi ndi theka. Idasinthidwa kukhala mibadwo ingapo.

M'mwezi womwewo wa chaka chomwecho, "Victory" yodziwika bwino kapena M20 sedan model, yomwe inadziwika padziko lonse lapansi, idagubuduza pamzere wa msonkhano. Chojambula chatsopano chinawala ndi chiyambi ndipo sichinali chofanana ndi zitsanzo zina. Mtundu woyamba wa GAZ wokhala ndi thupi lonyamula katundu, komanso mtundu woyamba wapadziko lonse wokhala ndi thupi "lopanda mapiko". Kukula kwa kanyumbako, komanso zida zoyimitsidwa ndi mawilo odziyimira pawokha, zidapangitsa kuti ikhale yopambana kwambiri pamakampani amagalimoto aku Soviet.

Galimoto yonyamula 12 "ZIM" inatulutsidwa mu 1950 ndi 6-cylinder power unit, yomwe inali ndi mphamvu yamphamvu ndipo imatchedwa galimoto yachangu kwambiri ya kampani, yomwe imatha kufika pa liwiro la 125 km / h. Zatsopano zambiri zaukadaulo zidayambitsidwanso kuti zitonthozedwe kwambiri.

Mbadwo watsopano wa Volga unalowa m'malo mwa Pobeda mu 1956 ndi chitsanzo cha GAZ 21. Mapangidwe osayerekezeka, gearbox yodziwikiratu, injini yomwe inkafika pa liwiro la 130 km / h, mphamvu zabwino kwambiri ndi deta yaumisiri ikanatha kuperekedwa ndi boma. kalasi.

Seagull idawonedwa ngati mtundu wina wa Kupambana. Mtundu woyambirira wa GAZ 13 womwe udatulutsidwa mu 1959 udali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi GAZ 21, kuyiyika pafupi ndi chitonthozo chokwanira komanso malo olemekezeka pamakampani ogulitsa magalimoto a nthawi imeneyo.

Njira yamakonoyi idadutsanso mgalimoto. Mitundu ya GAZ 52/53/66 imayenera kusamalidwa mwapadera. Zithunzizo zidagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa katundu, zomwe zidakonzedwa ndi opanga. Kudalirika kwa mitundu iyi kumagwiritsidwabe ntchito masiku ano.

Mu 1960, kuwonjezera pa magalimoto, wamakono anafika Volga ndi Chaika, ndi chitsanzo GAZ 24 anamasulidwa ndi kapangidwe latsopano ndi mphamvu wagawo ndi GAZ 14, motero.

Ndipo mu 80s, m'badwo wina wamakono wa Volga unapezeka ndi dzina la GAZ 3102 ndi mphamvu yowonjezera mphamvu yamagetsi. Kufunako kunali kwakukulu modabwitsa, koma pakati pa osankhika aboma, popeza nzika wamba sinathe ngakhale kulota za galimoto iyi.