Mbiri ya mtundu wamagalimoto a Ford

Imodzi mwamakampani opanga magalimoto otchuka ndi Ford Motors. Likulu la kampaniyo lili pafupi ndi Detroit, mzinda wama mota - Dearborn. Nthawi zina, mbiri yayikuluyi inali ndi zinthu monga Mercury, Lincoln, Jaguar, Aston Martin, ndi zina zambiri.

Werengani nkhani yonena za kugwa kuchokera pa kavalo komwe kudapangitsa maphunziro ndi kukula kwakuthwa kwa titaniyamu pamakampani agalimoto.

Mbiri ya Ford

Pogwira ntchito pafamu ya abambo ake, munthu wina wochokera ku Ireland amene anafika kudziko lina anagwa pahatchi yake. Patsikuli mu 1872, malingaliro adadutsa pamutu pa Henry Ford: akufuna bwanji kukhala ndi galimoto yomwe ingakhale yotetezeka komanso yodalirika kuposa analog yokokedwa ndi akavalo.

Wokonda izi, limodzi ndi abwenzi ake 11, akupeza ndalama zochuluka pamiyezoyo - madola 28 (zambiri mwa ndalamazi zidaperekedwa ndi osunga ndalama 5 omwe amakhulupirira kuti lingalirolo lingachite bwino). Ndi ndalamazi, adapeza bizinesi yaying'ono yamafakitale. Izi zidachitika pa 16.06.1903/XNUMX/XNUMX.

Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti Ford ndi kampani yoyamba yamagalimoto padziko lonse lapansi kuti izitsatira mfundo pamsewu wamagalimoto. Komabe, isanayambike mu 1913, makina amachitidwe adasonkhanitsidwa pamanja pokhapokha. Chitsanzo choyamba chogwirira ntchito chinali choyenda ndi injini yamafuta. Makina oyaka amkati anali ndi mphamvu yokwanira eyiti 8, ndipo oyendetsawo adatchedwa Model-A.

Zaka zisanu zokha kampaniyo itakhazikitsidwa, dziko lapansi lalandila mtundu wotsika mtengo wamagalimoto - Model-T. Galimotoyo idalandira dzina loti "Tin Lizzie". Galimotoyo inapangidwa mpaka chaka cha 27 cha zaka zapitazo.

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 20, kampaniyo idachita mgwirizano wamgwirizano ndi Soviet Union. Makampani opanga magalimoto ku America akumangidwa ku Nizhny Novgorod. Pamaziko a chitukuko cha kampani ya makolo, galimoto ya GAZ-A, komanso mtundu womwewo wokhala ndi index ya AA, zidapangidwa.

Zaka khumi zikubwerazi, chizindikirochi, chomwe chikufalikira, chimamanga mafakitale ku Germany, ndipo chimagwirizana ndi Ulamuliro Wachitatu, ndikupanga magalimoto onse oyenda ndi ankhondo azankhondo ankhondo mdzikolo. Kwa gulu lankhondo laku America, izi zidadzetsa chidani. Komabe, kuyambika kwa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, Ford aganiza zothetsa mgwirizano ndi Nazi Germany, ndikuyamba kupanga zida zankhondo ku United States.

Nayi mbiri yayifupi yakuphatikizika ndi kugula kwa mitundu ina:

• 1922, motsogozedwa ndi kampaniyo, magawano a Lincoln premium magalimoto ayamba;
• 1939 - Chizindikiro cha Mercury chakhazikitsidwa, pomwe magalimoto amtengo wapakatikati akuchoka pamsonkhano. Gawoli lidakhala mpaka 2010;
• 1986 - Ford ipeza mtundu wa Aston Martin. Gawoli lidagulitsidwa ku 2007;
• 1990 - kugula kwa Jaguar brand kumapangidwa, komwe mu 2008 kumasamutsidwa kwa wopanga India Tata Motors;
• 1999 - Mtundu wa Volvo udapezeka, womwe umagulitsanso mu 2010. Mwini watsopano wagawoli ndi dzina lachi China Zhenjiang Geely;
• 2000 - Land Rover brand idagulidwa, yomwe idagulitsidwanso zaka 8 pambuyo pake ku India kampani Tata.

Eni ake ndi oyang'anira

Kampaniyo imayang'aniridwa kwathunthu ndi banja la omwe adayambitsa chizindikirocho. Ili ndi limodzi mwamabungwe akuluakulu olamulidwa ndi banja limodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, a Ford ali mgulu la makampani aboma. Kusuntha kwa magawo ake kumayang'aniridwa ndi masheya ku New York.

Zolemba

Magalimoto opanga opanga aku America amadziwika ndi chizindikiro chosavuta pa grille ya radiator. Mu chowulungika cha buluu, dzina la kampaniyo lidalembedwa ndi zilembo zoyera mu font yoyambirira. Chizindikiro cha chizindikirocho chimapereka ulemu ku miyambo ndi kukongola komwe kumapezeka m'mitundu yambiri yamakampani.

Chizindikirocho chadutsa pazosintha zingapo.

• Chojambula choyamba chidapangidwa ndi Child Harold Wills mu 1903. Linali dzina la kampaniyo, yomwe idasindikizidwa posayina. Pamapeto pake, chizindikirocho chinali ndi kupindika, mkati mwake, kuphatikiza dzina la wopanga, malowa anali pomwe.
• 1909 - Chizindikirocho chimasinthiratu. M'malo mwa mbale zokongola pama radiator abodza, dzina la woyambitsa lidayamba kupezeka, lopangidwa ndi zilembo zazikulu zoyambirira;
• 1912 - chizindikirocho chimalandira zinthu zowonjezerapo - maziko abuluu ngati mphungu yokhala ndi mapiko otambalala. Pakatikati, dzinalo limapangidwa ndi zilembo zazikulu, ndipo mawu olengeza amalembedwa pansi pake - "Universal car";
• 1912 - chizindikirocho chimakhala chowonekera bwino. Ford imalembedwa ndi zilembo zakuda pachizungu;
• 1927 - Chowonekera chowulungika cha buluu chokhala ndi mapangidwe oyera. Dzinalo la dzina lagalimoto limalembedwa ndi zilembo zoyera;
• 1957 - chowulungika chimasintha mawonekedwe ofanana m'mbali mwake. Mthunzi wakumbuyo umasintha. Zolembazo palokha sizisintha;
• 1976 - Chithunzi choyambirira chimakhala chowulungika chowulungika ndi kukongoletsa kwa siliva. Chiyambi chomwecho chimapangidwa ndi kalembedwe kamene kamapereka zolembedwazo voliyumu;
• 2003 - chimango cha siliva chimasowa, mthunzi wakumbuyo umasinthidwa. Mbali yakumtunda ndiyopepuka kuposa yapansi. Kusintha kosalala kwamitundu kumapangidwa pakati pawo, chifukwa chake ngakhale cholembedwa chimakhala chopepuka.

Ntchito

Kampaniyi imapereka ntchito zosiyanasiyana pamakampani opanga magalimoto. Mabizinesi amtunduwu amapanga magalimoto azonyamula anthu, komanso magalimoto ogulitsa ndi mabasi. Vutoli limatha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu:

• North America;
• Asia-Pacific;
• Mzungu.

Magawowa ndi ogawanika malinga ndi madera. Mpaka 2006, aliyense wa iwo anali atapanga zida zamsika winawake womwe anali nawo. Kusintha kwa lamuloli kunali chisankho cha director wa kampaniyo, a Roger Mulally (kusintha kwa mainjiniya komanso wabizinesi kupulumutsa chizindikirocho kuti chiwonongeke) kuti apange Ford "One". Chofunika cha lingaliro chinali choti kampani ipange mitundu yapadziko lonse yamisika yamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Lingalirolo linali mu m'badwo wachitatu wa Ford Focus.

Zithunzi

Nayi nkhani yamtunduwu pamitundu:

• 1903 - kuyamba koyambirira kwa galimoto, komwe kudalandira A.
• 1906 - Model K imawonekera, pomwe mota yama 6-silinda idayikidwa koyamba. Mphamvu yake inali 40 ndiyamphamvu. Chifukwa chakuipa kwakumanga, mtunduwo sunakhalitse pamsika. Nkhani yofananayo inali ndi Model B. Zosankha zonsezi zinali za oyendetsa galimoto olemera. Kulephera kwa matembenuzidwewo kunalimbikitsa kupanga magalimoto ochulukirapo.
• 1908 - Model T ikuwonekera, yomwe idakhala yotchuka kwambiri osati pamtengo wake wokha, komanso pamtengo wake wokongola. Poyamba, idagulitsidwa $ 850. (poyerekeza, Model K idaperekedwa pamtengo wa $ 2), pambuyo pake, zida zotsika mtengo zidagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti muchepetse mtengo wa mayendedwe pafupifupi theka ($ 800). Galimotoyo inali ndi injini ya malita 2,9. Inaphatikizidwa ndi bokosi lamiyala yamagetsi othamanga awiri. Inali galimoto yoyamba kukhala ndi mamiliyoni miliyoni. Mitundu yamagalimoto osiyanasiyana idapangidwa pa chisisi chachitsanzo ichi, kuyambira pagulu lamipando iwiri kupita ku ambulansi.
• 1922 - Kupeza magawano apamwamba, Lincoln kwa olemera.
• 1922-1950 kampaniyo idapanga zisankho zingapo kuti ikukulitse malo opangira, pomaliza mapangano ndi mayiko osiyanasiyana momwe mabizinesi amakampani adamangidwa.
• 1932 - Kampaniyo idakhala woyamba kupanga padziko lapansi kutulutsa monolithic V-block yokhala ndi masilindala 8.
• 1938 - Kugawidwa kwa Mercury kumapangidwa kuti kupatse msika magalimoto apakatikati (pakati pa Ford yotsika mtengo kwambiri ndi Lincoln wowoneka bwino).
• Chiyambi cha zaka za m'ma 50 inali nthawi yofufuza malingaliro oyambira komanso osintha. Chifukwa chake, mu 1955, Thunderbird imawonekera kumbuyo kwa hardtop (ndichinthu chodziwika bwanji cha thupi ili, werengani apa). Galimoto yodziwika bwino yalandira mibadwo 11. Pansi pa nyumba anali V-mphako 4,8-lita mphamvu unit kuti akufotokozera mphamvu 193 ndiyamphamvu. Ngakhale kuti galimotoyo inkapangidwira madalaivala olemera, chitsanzocho chinali chotchuka kwambiri.
• 1959 - Galimoto ina yotchuka, Galaxie, ikupezeka. Chitsanzocho chinalandira mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yamthupi, loko la chitseko cha ana, ndi gawo loyendetsa bwino.
• 1960 - Kupanga mtundu wa Falcon kumayambira, papulatifomu pomwe Maverick, Granada ndi m'badwo woyamba wa Mustang adamangidwa pambuyo pake. Galimoto mu kasinthidwe koyambirira idalandira injini ya lita 2,4 yokhala ndi mahatchi 90. Inali mzere wama 6-silinda wamagetsi.
• 1964 - Ford Mustang yodziwika ikupezeka. Zinali zipatso zakusaka kwa kampani mtundu wa nyenyezi zomwe zingawononge ndalama zabwino, koma nthawi yomweyo zinali zofunika kwambiri kwa okonda magalimoto okongola komanso amphamvu. Lingaliro lachitsanzo lidaperekedwa chaka chatha m'mbuyomu, koma izi zisanachitike kampaniyo idapanga mitundu ingapo ya galimotoyi, ngakhale sinawapatse moyo. Pansi pa zachilendo zinali zofananira chimodzi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi za Falcon, kusunthaku kokha kudakulitsidwa pang'ono (mpaka malita 2,8). Galimoto analandira mphamvu kwambiri ndi kukonzanso yotchipa, ndi mwayi waukulu kwambiri anali chitonthozo, amene anali kale ndi magalimoto.
• 1966 - Kampaniyo pamapeto pake imachita bwino kupikisana ndi mtundu wa Ferrari pamsewu wa Le Mans. Galimoto yamphamvu kwambiri komanso yodalirika yamtundu wa American GT-40 imabweretsa ulemerero. Pambuyo pakupambana, chizindikirocho chimapereka nthano - GT-40 MKIII. Pansi pa nyumbayo panali eyiti yodziwika bwino ya V-4,7-V eyiti. Mphamvu yapamwamba inali 310 hp. Ngakhale galimotoyo inali yolimba, sinasinthidwe mpaka 2003. Mbadwo watsopanowu udalandira injini yayikulu (5,4 malita), yomwe idathandizira kuti "mazana" agwirizane ndi masekondi 3,2, ndipo liwiro lalikulu linali 346 km / h.
• 1968 - Masewera othamanga a Twin Cam akuwonekera. Galimoto idachitika malo oyamba mu mpikisano womwe udachitikira ku Ireland, komanso mipikisano ingapo m'maiko osiyanasiyana mpaka 1970. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwapangitsa kuti kukope ogula atsopano omwe amakonda masewera othamangitsa magalimoto ndikuyamikira magalimoto abwino okhala ndi zida zamagetsi zatsopano.
• 1970 - Taunus (mtundu waku Europe wakumanzere woyendetsa) kapena Cortina ("English" drive-hand drive version) akuwonekera.
• 1976 - Kupanga kwa Econoline E-Series kumayamba, ndikutumiza, injini ndi chassis kuchokera ku F-Series pickups ndi SUVs.
• 1976 - Mbadwo woyamba wa Fiesta ukuwonekera.
• 1980 - Kupanga mbiri yakale ya Bronco kuyambika. Inali galimoto yonyamula yokhala ndi chisisi chachifupi koma chokwera. Chifukwa chotsitsimula kwambiri, chitsanzocho chinali chotchuka kwanthawi yayitali chifukwa chakuwoloka mtunda, ngakhale atatuluka mitundu yabwino kwambiri yama SUV omasuka.
• 1982 - Kutsegulidwa kwa Sierra-wheel wheel drive ku Sierra.
• 1985 - zipolowe zenizeni zimalamulira pamsika wamagalimoto: chifukwa cha mavuto amafuta padziko lonse lapansi, magalimoto otchuka ataya malo awo, ndipo magalimoto ang'onoang'ono aku Japan abwera m'malo awo. Mitundu ya omwe amapikisana nawo inali ndi mafuta ochepa, ndipo malinga ndi magwiridwe antchito sanali otsika kuposa magalimoto amphamvu komanso osusuka aku America. Oyang'anira kampani aganiza zotulutsa mtundu wina wotchuka. Inde, sanalowe m'malo mwa "Mustang", koma adalandiridwa bwino pakati pa oyendetsa galimoto. Anali Taurus. Ngakhale panali zovuta zachuma, malonda atsopanowa anali chinthu chogulitsidwa kwambiri m'mbiri yonse yakudziwika kwa mtunduwo.
• 1990 - Wogulitsa wina waku America, Explorer, akuwonekera. Chaka chino ndi chotsatira, chitsanzocho chimalandira mphotho m'gulu la SUV yabwino kwambiri. Injini ya galimoto ya 4-lita yokhala ndi 155 hp idakhazikitsidwa. Ikugwira ntchito moyandikana ndi 4-position automatic transmission kapena 5-liwiro mawotchi analogue.
• 1993 - kukhazikitsidwa kwa mtundu wa Mondeo kudalengezedwa, momwe miyezo yatsopano yachitetezo kwa woyendetsa komanso okwera idayendetsedwa.
• 1994 - Kupanga minibus ya Windstar kuyambika.
• 1995 - ku Geneva Motor Show, Galaxy (gawo la EUROPE) idawonetsedwa, yomwe mu 2000 idapumulanso.
• 1996 - Expedition yakhazikitsidwa m'malo mwa Bronco wokondedwa.
• 1998 - Geneva Motor Show imakhazikitsa Focus, yomwe imalowa m'malo mwa Escort subcompact.
• 2000 - Mtundu wa Ford Escape ukuwonetsedwa ku Detroit Motor Show. Ku Ulaya, SUV yofanana inalengedwa - Maverick.
• 2002 - mtundu wa C-Max umawonekera, womwe udalandira machitidwe ambiri kuchokera ku Focus, koma ndi thupi logwira ntchito kwambiri.
• 2002 - ziziyenda anapatsidwa galimoto mzinda Fusion.
• 2003 - Tourneo Connect, galimoto yabwino kwambiri yowoneka bwino.
• 2006 - S-Max idapangidwa pa chassis ya Galaxy yatsopano.
• 2008 - Kampaniyo imatsegula crossover niche ndikutulutsa Kuga.
• 2012 - chitukuko cha injini yabwino kwambiri imawoneka. Kukula kumeneku kumatchedwa Ecoboost. Galimotoyo yapatsidwa mphoto ya International Motor kangapo.

Kwazaka zikubwerazi, kampaniyo yakhala ikupanga magalimoto amphamvu, azachuma, apamwamba komanso okongola pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagalimoto. Kuphatikiza apo, kampaniyo ikupanga ntchito yopanga magalimoto ogulitsa.

Nayi mitundu ina yosangalatsa ya chizindikirocho:

mayendedwe

Masewera Amasewera

Puma

KA

Freestyle

F

Mphepete

Courier

Sungani

ixion

Flex

COUGAR

Shelby

Orion

Mazana asanu

Contour

Aspire

Korona Victoria

stow

Naku kuwunika mwachidule mitundu yazosowa ya Ford:

SIMUNAWONEKE MAWU NGATI awa! CHITSANZO CHOSAWONEKA (GAWO 2)