Mbiri ya mtundu wagalimoto ya BMW

Pakati pa opanga magalimoto odziwika kwambiri, omwe malonda awo amalemekezedwa padziko lonse lapansi, ndi BMW. Kampaniyi ikugwira ntchito yopanga magalimoto okwera, ma crossovers, magalimoto amasewera ndi magalimoto.

Likulu la chizindikirocho lili ku Germany - mzinda wa Munich. Lero, gululi likuphatikizapo ma brand odziwika bwino monga Mini, komanso Rolls-Royce yoyendetsa bwino kwambiri yamagalimoto.

Mphamvu ya kampaniyo imafikira padziko lonse lapansi. Lero ndi imodzi mwamakampani atatu oyendetsa magalimoto ku Europe omwe amagwiritsa ntchito magalimoto okhaokha komanso apamwamba.

Kodi makina ang'onoang'ono opanga injini adakwanitsa bwanji kukwera pafupifupi pamwamba pomwe pa Olympus mdziko laopanga makina? Nayi nkhani yake.

Woyambitsa

Zonsezi zidayamba mu 1913 ndikupanga bizinesi yaying'ono yokhala ndi mwayi wopapatiza. Kampaniyo idakhazikitsidwa ndi Gustav Otto, mwana wa wopanga yemwe adathandizira kwambiri pakuwotcha kwamkati.

Kupanga injini za ndege kunali kofunika nthawi imeneyo, malinga ndi momwe nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse idakhalira. M'zaka zimenezo, Karl Rapp ndi Gustav adaganiza zopanga kampani wamba. Unali kampani yophatikizana, yomwe inali ndi makampani ang'onoang'ono awiri omwe analipo kale pang'ono.

Mu 1917, adalembetsa kampani ya bmw, yomwe chidule chake chidafotokozedwa mosavuta - Bavarian Motor Plant. Kuyambira pomwepo, mbiri yakukhudzidwa kale kale kwamagalimoto imayambira. Kampaniyo idagwirabe ntchito yopanga mayunitsi amagetsi ku Germany.

Komabe, zonse zidasintha ndi kuyamba kugwira ntchito kwa Pangano la Versailles. Vuto linali loti Germany, malinga ndi Mgwirizanowu, idaletsedwa kupanga zinthu zoterezi. Panthawiyo, inali malo okhawo omwe chizindikirocho chimayamba.

Kuti apulumutse kampaniyo, ogwira ntchito adaganiza zosintha mbiri yawo. Kuyambira pamenepo, akhala akupanga ma mota oyendetsa njinga zamoto. Patapita kanthawi kochepa, adakulitsa gawo lawo ndikuyamba kupanga njinga zamoto zawo.

Mtundu woyamba unachotsedwa pamsonkhano mu 1923. Inali R32 yamagalimoto awiri. Anthu ankakonda njinga yamoto osati kokha chifukwa cha msonkhano wapamwamba kwambiri, koma kwakukulu chifukwa chakuti inali njinga yamoto yoyamba ya BMW kukhazikitsa mbiri yapadziko lonse. Chimodzi mwazosintha pamndandandawu, womwe umayendetsedwa ndi Ernst Henne, udagonjetsa gawo lalikulu la makilomita 279,5 pa ola limodzi. Palibe amene akanatha kufika pamlingo uwu zaka 14 zikubwerazi.

Mbiri ina yapadziko lonse lapansi ndiyopanga injini ya ndege, Motor4. Pofuna kuti asaphwanye mawu amgwirizano wamtendere, gululi lidapangidwa m'malo ena ku Europe. ICE iyi inali pa ndege, yomwe mu 19 idadutsa malire okwera kwambiri azopanga - 9760m. Pochita chidwi ndi kudalirika kwa mayunitsi awa, Soviet Russia imaliza mgwirizano wopanga ma mota aposachedwa. Zaka za m'ma 30s za zana la 19 zimadziwika ndi maulendo apandege aku Russia pamtunda wautali, ndipo choyenera cha ichi ndi ICE ya ku Bavaria.

Kale kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1940, kampaniyo inali itapeza mbiri yabwino, komabe, monga m'makampani ena agalimoto, wopanga uyu adawonongeka kwambiri chifukwa cha nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse.

Kotero, kupanga injini za ndege pang'onopang'ono kunakula ndikukula kwa njinga zamoto zothamanga kwambiri komanso zodalirika. Yakwana nthawi yoti chizindikirocho chikule kwambiri ndikukhala opanga magalimoto. Koma musanachitike zochitika zazikuluzikulu za kampani yomwe idasiya chizindikiro chawo pamitundu yamagalimoto, ndi bwino kuti muzimvera chizindikiro cha chizindikirocho.

Chizindikiro

Poyamba, kampaniyo itapangidwa, abwenziwo sanaganizire zopanga logo yawo. Izi sizinali zofunikira, popeza mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi gulu limodzi - magulu ankhondo aku Germany. Panalibe chifukwa choti mwanjira ina kusiyanitsa malonda athu ndi omwe akupikisana nawo, popeza kunalibe omenyera panthawiyo.

Komabe, dzina likamalembetsedwa, oyang'anira amayenera kupereka logo inayake. Sizinatenge nthawi kuganiza. Anaganiza zosiya chizindikiro cha fakitoli ya Rapp, koma m'malo molemba kale, zilembo zitatu za BMW zidayikidwa mozungulira mozungulira.

Bwalo lamkati lidagawika m'magawo anayi - awiri oyera ndi awiri amtambo. Mitunduyi imadziwitsa komwe kampaniyo idayambira, chifukwa ndi ya zizindikilo za Bavaria. Chotsatsa choyamba cha kampaniyo chinali ndi chithunzi cha ndege yomwe ikuuluka ndi zoyenda zozungulira, ndipo cholembedwa cha BMW chidayikidwa m'mphepete mwa bwalolo.

Chojambulachi chidapangidwa kuti chilengeze injini yatsopano ya ndege, mbiri yayikulu ya kampaniyo. Kuyambira 1929 mpaka 1942, zoyendetsa zoyenda zimayanjanitsidwa ndi logo ya kampaniyo pokhapokha ndi ogwiritsa ntchito. Kenako oyang'anira kampaniyo adatsimikizira izi.

Chiyambireni kupanga chizindikirocho, kapangidwe kake sikadasinthe kwambiri monga zidalili ndi opanga ena, monga Dodge, zomwe zinauzidwa kale pang'ono... Akatswiri amakampaniwo samatsutsa lingaliro lakuti logo ya BMW lero ilumikizana molunjika ndi chizindikiro cha zoyenda zoyenda, koma nthawi yomweyo sizikutsimikizira.

Mbiri yamagalimoto pamitundu

Mbiri yamagalimoto yokhudzidwayi imayamba mu 1928, pomwe oyang'anira kampani aganiza zogula mafakitale angapo agalimoto ku Thuringia. Pamodzi ndi malo opangira, kampaniyo idalandiranso ziphaso zopangira galimoto yaying'ono ya Dixi (yofanana ndi Briteni Austin 7).

Idapezeka kuti inali ndalama zanzeru, chifukwa galimoto yaying'ono idabwera yothandiza panthawi yamavuto azachuma. Ogula anali ndi chidwi ndi mitundu yotere yomwe idapangitsa kuti zisamayende bwino, koma nthawi yomweyo sanadye mafuta ambiri.

• 1933 - amaganiza poyambira kupanga magalimoto papulatifomu yake. 328 imapeza mawonekedwe odziwika omwe adakalipo mgalimoto zonse zaku Bavaria - zotchedwa mphuno za grille. Galimoto yamasewera idakhala yothandiza kwambiri kotero kuti zinthu zina zonse za chizindikirocho zidayamba kulandira magalimoto odalirika, otsogola komanso othamanga mwachisawawa. Pansi pa mtunduwo panali injini yamphamvu 6, yokhala ndi mutu wamiyala wopangidwa ndi zinthu zopepuka zopangira magetsi komanso njira yosinthira magasi.
• 1938 - Chida chamagetsi (52), chopangidwa ndi chilolezo kuchokera kwa Pratt, chotchedwa Whitney, chimayikidwa pa mtundu wa Junkers J132. Nthawi yomweyo, njinga yamoto yothamanga idatsika pamsonkhano, liwiro lalikulu lomwe linali makilomita 210 pa ola limodzi. Chaka chotsatira, othamanga G. Mayer adapambana Mpikisano waku Europe pa iwo.
• 1951 - patatha nthawi yayitali komanso yovuta kuchira nkhondo itatha, mtundu woyamba wamagalimoto apambuyo pa nkhondo udatulutsidwa - 501. Koma zidali zolephera zomwe zidatsalira m'malo osungidwa zakale.
• 1955 - Kampaniyo idakulitsanso mitundu yake yamoto yamagalimoto okhala ndi chassis yabwinoko. Mu chaka chomwecho, hybrid njinga yamoto ndi galimoto anaonekera - Isetta. Lingaliroli lidalandiridwanso ndi chidwi, popeza wopanga adapereka magalimoto otsika mtengo kwa osauka. Nthawi yomweyo, kampaniyo, ikuyembekeza kuti ikukula mwachangu, ikuyang'ana kwambiri pakupanga ma limousine. Komabe, lingaliro ili pafupifupi limabweretsa nkhawa kuti iduke. Chizindikirocho chimatha kupewera kutengedwa ndi nkhawa ina, Mercedes-Benz. Kachitatu, kampaniyo imayamba pafupifupi kuyambira pomwepo.
• 1956 - mawonekedwe a galimoto yodziwika bwino - mtundu wa 507. Mphamvu yamawayilesi ya roadster inali choyimira chamiyala ya aluminiyamu ya "ma bowler" 8, omwe kuchuluka kwake kunali malita 3,2. Injini ya mahatchi 150 inathandizira kuti galimoto yamasewera iziyenda makilomita 220 pa ola limodzi. Zinali zochepa - m'zaka zitatu zokha magalimoto okwana 252 adagubuduka pamzere wamsonkhano, womwe ndi nyama yofunikirabe kwa wokhometsa magalimoto aliyense.
• 1959 - kutulutsidwa kwa mtundu wina wopambana - 700, womwe umakhala ndi mpweya wabwino.
• 1962 - Kuwonekera kwa galimoto yotsatira yamasewera (mtundu wa 1500) idakondweretsa dziko la oyendetsa magalimoto kwambiri kotero kuti mafakitale analibe nthawi yokwaniritsiratu zoyitanitsa zagalimoto.
• 1966 - nkhawa imatsitsimutsa miyambo yomwe imayenera kuyiwalika kwa zaka zambiri - mainjini 6-silinda. BMW 1600-2 ikuwoneka, pamaziko omwe mitundu yonse idamangidwa mpaka 2002.
• 1968 - kampaniyo imayambitsa ma sedan akulu 2500 komanso 2800. Chifukwa chakuchita bwino, zaka za m'ma 60 zidapezeka kuti ndizopindulitsa kwambiri pazovuta zonse zakudziwika (mpaka koyambirira kwa 70s).
• 1970 - theka loyambirira la zaka khumi, auto yapadziko lonse lapansi ilandila mndandanda wachitatu, wachisanu, wachisanu ndi chimodzi ndi wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Kuyambira ndi 5-Series, automaker imakulitsa zochitika zake, sikuti imangopanga magalimoto amasewera, komanso malo okwera abwino.
• 1973 - kampaniyo imapanga galimoto ya 3.0 csl, yosagonjetseka panthawiyo, yokhala ndi zotsogola za akatswiri aku Bavaria. Galimotoyo idatenga masewera 6 aku Europe. Zida zake zamagetsi zinali ndi makina apadera ogawira gasi, momwe munali ma valve awiri olowetsa ndi kutulutsa pa silinda. Dongosolo la mabuleki lidalandila dongosolo la ABS lomwe silinachitikepo (mawonekedwe ake apadera, werengani osiyana review).
• 1986 - chochitika china chikuchitika mdziko la motorsport - galimoto yatsopano yamasewera ya M3 ikuwoneka. Galimotoyo inagwiritsidwa ntchito pothamangitsa pamsewu komanso ngati njira yamsewu kwa oyendetsa wamba.
• 1987 - Mtundu waku Bavaria upambana mphotho yayikulu pampikisano wampikisano wapadziko lonse. Woyendetsa galimotoyo ndi Roberto Ravilla. Kwa zaka 5 zotsatira, mtunduwo sunalole opanga ena kuti apange mayendedwe awo othamanga.
• 1987 - galimoto ina imawoneka, koma nthawi ino inali adiza Z-1.
• 1990 - Kutulutsidwa kwa 850i, yomwe inali ndi 12-silinda yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi amkati.
• 1991 - Kuyanjananso ku Germany kumathandizira kupangidwa kwa BMW Rolls-Royce GmbH. Kampaniyo imakumbukira mizu yake ndikupanga injini ina ya ndege za BR700.
• 1994 - nkhawa imapeza gulu la mafakitale Rover, ndipo limodzi ndi ilo limakwanitsa kutenga zovuta zazikulu ku England, zodziwika bwino pakupanga mtundu wa MG, Rover, komanso Land Rover. Pogwiritsa ntchito malondawa, kampaniyo ikukulitsa mbiri yazogulitsa kuti iziphatikizira ma SUV ndi magalimoto okhala mumzinda wophatikizika.
• 1995 - the auto world ilandila mtundu wa 3-Series. Mbali ina ya galimotoyo inali chassis yonse ya aluminiyamu.
• 1996 - Z3 7-Series ipeza mphamvu ya dizilo. Mbiri imadzibwereza yokha ndi mtundu wa 1500 wa 1962 - malo opangira sangathe kuthana ndi malamulo agalimoto kuchokera kwa ogula.
• 1997 - oyendetsa magalimoto adawona mtundu wapadera komanso wapaderadera wa njinga yamsewu - 1200 C. Mtunduwo udakhala ndi injini yayikulu kwambiri (malita 1,17). M'chaka chomwecho, a roadster, otsogola pamalingaliro onse amawu, adawonekera - galimoto yotseguka ya BMW M.
• 1999 - Kuyamba kwa kugulitsa galimoto pazinthu zakunja - X5.
• 1999 - Okonda magalimoto okongola amalandila mtundu wokongola - Z8.
• 1999 - Frankfurt Motor Show ikuwulula za tsogolo labwino la Z9 GT galimoto.
• 2004 - chiyambi cha kugulitsa kwa mtundu wa 116i, pansi pa nyumba yomwe panali injini yoyaka mkati ya malita 1,6 ndi mphamvu ya 115 hp.
• 2006 - pachionetsero chamagalimoto, kampaniyo imadziwitsa omvera za M6 yotembenuka, yomwe idalandira injini yoyaka yamkati yamasilindala 10, kufalitsa kwa SMG kofanana ndi malo 7. Galimotoyo inatha kutenga 100 km / h mumasekondi 4,8.
• 2007-2015 zosonkhanirazo pang'onopang'ono zimadzazidwanso ndi mitundu yamakono yoyamba, yachiwiri ndi yachitatu.

Kwazaka makumi angapo zikubwerazi, chimphona chamgalimotocho chakhala chikusintha mitundu yomwe ilipo, chaka chilichonse kubweretsa mibadwo yatsopano kapena nkhope zina. Komanso, matekinoloje opanga chitetezo chokhazikika komanso chokhazikika amangoyambitsidwa pang'onopang'ono.

Ntchito zamanja zokha ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kampani. Ndi imodzi mwamakampani ochepa omwe sagwiritsa ntchito chikwangwani cha robotic.

Nayi chiwonetsero chaching'ono cha kanema cha lingaliro la galimoto yopanda anthu kuchokera ku nkhawa yaku Bavaria:

BMW imatulutsa galimoto zamtsogolo pazaka 100 zake (nkhani)

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Gulu la BMW ndi ndani? Otsogola padziko lonse lapansi: BMW, BMW Motorrad, Mini, Rolls-Royce. Kuphatikiza pa kupanga ma powertrains ndi magalimoto osiyanasiyana, kampaniyo imapereka ntchito zachuma.

Kodi BMW imapangidwa mumzinda uti? Germany: Dingolfing, Regensburg, Leipzig. Austria: Graz. Russia, Kaliningrad. Mexico: San Luis Potosi. USA: Greer (Southern California).