0mawonekedwe (1)
Magalimoto,  nkhani,  chithunzi

Hardtop: ndi chiyani, kutanthauza, momwe ntchito imagwirira ntchito

M'nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse lapansi, opanga magalimoto pang'onopang'ono anayamba kupanga magalimoto. Komabe, makina oterewa sanali osiyana ndi anzawo munthawi ya nkhondo isanachitike. Oyendetsa galimoto amayenera kukhala ndi chidwi ndi china chake, chifukwa mnyamatayo amafuna kuti akhale wopambana.

Zinali zovuta kuchita pagalimoto yokhala ndi mawonekedwe a pontoon (opendekera kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo komwe amalumikizidwa ndi mzere umodzi wapamwamba). Magalimoto oterewa asanduka otopetsa komanso osangalatsa.

1Pontonnyj Kuzov (1)

Zinthu zinasintha pamene, kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 40 ndi 50, magalimoto oyamba olimba mtima anawonekera ku America.

Magalimoto oterewa anali osiyana ndi magalimoto ena ndipo amalola kuti dalaivala azigogomezera zawozo. Tiyeni tiwone bwino kalembedwe kameneka: mawonekedwe ake ndi otani, chomwe chidapangitsa kuti chikhale chotchuka kwambiri, komanso chifukwa chake kapangidwe kameneka kakhalapobe m'mbiri.

Kodi hardtop ndi chiyani?

Hardtop ndi mtundu wamapangidwe amthupi omwe adatchuka kwambiri kuyambira ma 1950 mpaka theka loyambirira la ma 1970. M'malo mwake, ndikusintha kwa sedan, coupe kapena ngoloosati mtundu wina wa thupi.

2mawonekedwe (1)

Chosiyana ndi njira yothetsera izi ndikosowa kwa chipilala chapakati. Anthu ena amatanthauza ndi magalimoto olimba, omwe mazenera awo mulibe mafelemu okhwima. Komabe, chinthu chofunikira ndichakuti kulibe magawano, omwe amathandizira kuwoneka bwino ndikupatsa galimoto mawonekedwe oyambirira.

Mtundu woyamba wam'bandakucha wa nthawi yolimba ndi Chrysler Town & Country, yomwe idadziwika mu 1947.

3Chrysler Town&Country 1947

Kuwala kowala kwambiri kwa nthawi yolimba kwambiri ndi Cadillac Coupe Deville mu 1959. Kuphatikiza pa kusowa kwa mzati wapakati wa chitseko, mtunduwo unali ndi zipsepse zoyambirira zakumbuyo (ili gulu losiyana la kapangidwe ka magalimoto kuyambira nthawi yomweyo).

4 1959 Cadillac Coupe Deville (1)

Kunja, hardtop imafanana ndi yotembenuka ndi denga lokwera. Anali lingaliro ili lomwe linapanga maziko a kusinthidwa kwa thupi ili. Lingaliro la kapangidwe kameneka lidatsitsimutsa mayendedwe amatayala anayi munthawi ya nkhondo.

Pofuna kutsindika kufanana kwa zinthu zosandulika, denga lagalimoto nthawi zambiri limajambulidwa ndi utoto wosiyana ndi mtundu waukulu wa thupi. Nthawi zambiri inali yojambulidwa yoyera kapena yakuda, koma nthawi zina ntchito zoyambirira zimapezekanso.

5mawonekedwe (1)

Pofuna kutsindika kufanana kwa zotembenuka, denga la mitundu ina linali lokutidwa ndi vinilu wokhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana.

6 Vinilovyj Hardtop (1)

Chifukwa cha chisankhochi, kasitomala adagula galimoto yapadera, yofanana ndi yotembenuka, koma pamtengo wagalimoto wamba. Opanga ena amapanga zidindo zapadenga padengalo, zomwe zimatsanzira nthiti zomwe zimadutsa padenga lofewa. M'modzi mwa omwe akuyimira kapangidwe kameneka ndi Pontiac Catalina wa 1963.

Pontiac Catalina 1963 (1)

Pachimake pa kutchuka kwa kalembedwe kameneka pama 60s. Ndikukula kwa chikhalidwe cha "Muscle cars" aku America opanga ma Ford, Chrysler, Pontiac ndi General Motors adayesetsa kuchita chidwi ndi "wopanda nzeru" woyendetsa mumitundu ndi injini zamphamvu kwambiri. Umu ndi momwe adawonekera Pontiac GTO, Shelby Mustang GT500, Chevrolet Corvette Stingray, Plymouth Hemi Cuda, Dodge Charger ndi ena.

Koma sinali injini zamphamvu zokha zomwe zidakopa chidwi cha magalimoto kuyambira nthawi ya "mafuta" Kwa eni magalimoto ambiri, kapangidwe kagalimoto kanachita mbali yayikulu. M'zaka zapambuyo pa nkhondo, magalimoto anali otopetsa komanso osasangalatsa ndi mawonekedwe osasangalatsa a pontoon.

7 Magalimoto Ovuta Kwambiri (1)

Zojambula zoyambirira zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangitsa kupindika kwatsopano pamapangidwe amgalimoto yamagudumu anayi, ndipo hardtop inali imodzi mwotchuka kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri thupi mumachitidwe awa ndi kalasi ya Muscle Car zimayenderana.

Zojambula zolimba za Hardtop

Siyanitsani pakati pa zosankha ziwiri- ndi zinayi zitseko zopanda thupi. Njira yosavuta inali kutanthauzira lingalirolo muzitseko ziwiri, popeza chitseko sichinkafunika kupanga - ntchitoyi idachitidwa ndi gawo lolimba la thupi. Kuyambira pakati pa zaka za m'ma 50, mawonekedwe azitseko zinayi awonekera. Ndipo galimoto yoyamba yoyimira pamapangidweyi idatulutsidwa mu 1957.

Vuto lalikulu pamitundu yazitseko zinayi linali chitseko chakumbuyo. Kuti athe kutsegula, panalibe njira yochitira popanda kuyimilira. Poona izi, mitundu yambiri inali yopanda zovuta. Zitseko zakumbuyo zinali zomangika pachipilala choduladuka chomwe chimathera pamwamba pachitseko.

8 Zitseko 4 Zolimba (1)

Yankho loyambirira kwambiri linali kukhazikitsa chitseko cha chipilala cha C kuti zitseko za woyendetsa komanso zonyamula anthu zitseguke mbali zosiyanasiyana - wina kutsogolo ndi wina kumbuyo. Popita nthawi, phiri lakumbuyo lakumbuyo lidalandira dzina loopsa "Khomo Lodzipha" kapena "Khomo Lodzipha" (mwachangu kwambiri, chimphepo chamkuntho chimatha kutsegula chitseko chosatsekedwa bwino, chomwe sichinali chitetezo kwa okwera). Njirayi yapeza kuti ikugwiritsidwa ntchito mgalimoto zamakono, mwachitsanzo:

  • Lykan Hypersport ndiye malo oyendetsa ndege zankhondo zaku Arabia zoyambilira kutchuka mu The Fast and the Furious. (Werengani zambiri za magalimoto ena ozizira mu chilolezo apa);
9Lykan Hypersport (1)
  • Mazda RX-8 - mawonekedwe opanda thupi;
10Mazda-RX-8 (1)
  • Honda Element ndi nthumwi ina yamagalimoto amakono opanda zingwe, omwe adapangidwa kuyambira 2003 mpaka 2011.
11Honda Element (1)

Vuto lina lopangira ma hardtops linali losindikiza magalasi. Vuto lofananalo lilipo mumagalimoto omwe alibe mafelemu. Zosankha zamagalimoto okhala ndi bajeti zinali ndi mawindo osunthika kumbuyo.

M'makina amakono opanda mtengo, okwera pazenera amakweza galasi ndi cholumikizira pang'ono, chomwe chimalola kuti azitseka molimba kwambiri. Kukhazikika kwadongosolo kotereku kumatsimikiziridwa ndi chisindikizo chokhazikika m'mbali zam'mbali zam'mbuyo.

Zifukwa za kutchuka

Kuphatikiza kwabwino kwa kusintha kwa hardtop ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yopanga mphamvu zopangitsa magalimoto aku America kukhala apadera m'njira zawo. Opanga ena aku Europe ayeseranso kutsatira malingaliro ofanana m'mapangidwe awo. M'modzi mwa oyimirawa ndi French Facel-Vega FV (1955). Komabe, magalimoto aku America amadziwika kuti ndiotchuka kwambiri.

12Facel-Vega FV 1955 (1)
Felina-Vega FV 1955

Chifukwa chachikulu cha kutchuka kwa kusinthaku ndi mtengo wake. Popeza kapangidwe ka denga silinatanthauze kupezeka kwa njira zovuta kuzilola kuti zizichotsedwa mu thunthu, wopanga amatha kusiya mtengo wademokalase pazogulitsa zake.

Chifukwa chachiwiri chotchuka chotere ndi zokongoletsa zamagalimoto. Ngakhale mitundu yosasangalatsa yama pontoon imawoneka yokongola kwambiri kuposa anzawo pambuyo pa nkhondo. Mwakutero, kasitomala adalandira galimoto yomwe ikufanana ndi yotembenuka, koma yokhala ndi thupi lodalirika.

Mwa magalimoto otchuka amasinthidwe awa ndi awa:

  • Chevrolet Chevelle Malibu SS 396 (1965г.);
13Chevrolet Chevelle Malibu SS 396 (1)
  • Ford Fairlane 500 Hardtop Coupe 427 R-code (1966г.);
14Ford Fairlane 500 Hardtop Coupe 427 R-code (1)
  • Buick Skylark GS 400 Hardtop Coupe (1967г.);
15Buick Skylark GS 400 Hardtop Coupe (1)
  • Chevrolet Impala Hardtop Coupe (1967);
16Chevrolet Impala Hardtop Coupe (1)
  • Dodge Dart GTS 440 (1969);
17Dodge Dart GTS 440 (1)
  • Dodge Chaja 383 (1966г.)
18Dodge Chaja 383 (1)

Kuphatikiza pa magalimoto othamanga kwambiri, kusinthidwa kwa hardtop nthawi zambiri kunkagwiritsidwa ntchito mgulu lina lamagalimoto - mu "yolts land" yayikulu komanso yosagwedezeka. Nazi njira zingapo pamakina awa:

  • Dodge Custom 880 (1963) - 5,45 mita-mita zinayi sedan;
19Dodge Mwambo 880 (1)
  • Ford LTD (1970) - sedani ina yokhala ndi thupi lokwanira pafupifupi mita 5,5;
20Ford LTD (1)
  • Mbadwo woyamba Buick Riviera ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro za mawonekedwe apamwamba aku America.
21Buick Riviera1965 (1)

Mtundu wina woyambirira wolimbikira ndi Mercury Commuter 2-khomo Hardtop Station Wagon.

22Mercury Commuter 2-khomo Hardtop Station Wagon (1)

Pomwe mavuto amafuta adayamba, magalimoto amphamvu adalowa "mumthunzi", ndipo anali ndi ma hardtops oyambira. Makhalidwe achitetezo akhazikika, zomwe zakakamiza opanga kuti asiye kusiya mapangidwe odziwika.

Nthawi zina ndimayesapo kutsanzira kalembedwe ka hardtop, koma awa anali ma sedan apamwamba okhala ndi denga losiyana kapena mawindo opanda mawindo. Chitsanzo cha galimoto yotere ndi Ford LTD Pillared Hardtop Sedan.

23Ford LTD Pillared Hardtop Sedan (1)

Wopanga waku Japan adayesetsanso kuchita chidwi ndi ogula ake momwe magalimoto awo amagwirira ntchito koyambirira. Chifukwa chake, mu 1991, Toyota Corona Exiv adalowa mndandanda.

24Toyota Corona Exiv 1991 (1)

Mosiyana ndi oyendetsa magalimoto ku United States, omvera aku Europe ndi ku Asia sanali okonzeka kuvomereza lingaliro ili - nthawi zambiri amasankha kuyendetsa ndi chitetezo cha magalimoto.

Ubwino ndi zovuta za hardtop thupi

Zina mwazabwino zakusinthidwa kotere ndi:

  • Kuwonekera koyambirira kwa galimotoyo. Ngakhale galimoto wamba yokhala ndi thupi lotsogola kwambiri idawoneka yokongola kwambiri kuposa anzawo. Kukula kwa zitseko zokhala ndi zotchingira kumbuyo kumagwiritsidwabe ntchito ndi opanga magalimoto ena, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malonda awo azionekera kumbuyo kwa anzawo ena.
25 Hardtop Dostoinstva (1)
  • Kufanana ndi wotembenuka. Galimoto sanali kunja kokha ofanana ndi analogue ndi pamwamba mpandadenga. Mawindo onse akatsika akuyendetsa, mpweya wabwino umakhala wofanana ndi wa wotembenuka. Chifukwa cha ichi, magalimoto otere anali odziwika kwambiri kumayiko otentha.
  • Kuwonekera bwino. Popanda chipilala cha B, dalaivala anali ndi malo ochepa akhungu, ndipo mkati mwake momwemo mumawoneka ngati wamkulu.

Ngakhale ochita molimba mtima komanso choyambirira, ma automaker amayenera kusiya kusintha kwa hardtop. Zifukwa zake zinali izi:

  • Chifukwa chosowa chipilala chapakati, thupi lamagalimoto silinakhazikike. Chifukwa choyendetsa mabampu, nyumbayo inayamba kufooka, zomwe nthawi zambiri zinkapangitsa kuti zitseko zisagwire bwino ntchito. Patatha zaka zingapo akuyendetsa mosasamala, galimotoyo idakhala "yopepuka" mwakuti ngakhale zosayenerera zazing'ono panjira zimaphatikizidwa ndi ziwombankhanga zowopsa m'ng'anjo yonse.
  • Kuphwanya mfundo zachitetezo. Vuto lina lokhala ndi zolimba linali kumangiriza malamba. Popeza panalibe mzati wapakati, lamba nthawi zambiri amakhala atakhazikika padenga, lomwe nthawi zambiri silinalole kuti lingaliro la galimoto yopanda malire likwaniritsidwe (chomangiracho chidachotsedwa kotero kuti palibe chomwe chingasokoneze malingaliro, ndipo lamba woyimitsidwa adawononga chithunzi chonse).
26 Hardtop Nedostatki (1)
  • Pakachitika ngozi, ma hardtops anali otsika kwambiri pachitetezo poyerekeza ndi ma sedans akale kapena ma coupes.
  • Pakubwera makina opangira mpweya, kufunika kokhala ndi mpweya wabwino wa kanyumba kwatha.
  • Kutsitsa mawindo m'galimoto zotere kumakhudza kuwononga kayendedwe ka galimotoyo, ndikuchepetsa kuthamanga kwake.

Kwa nthawi yopitilira zaka 20, msika wamagalimoto udadzaza ndi ma hardtops kotero kuti kusinthaku kudasiya mwachangu chidwi. Komabe, magalimoto odziwika a nthawi imeneyo amakopeka ndi anthu okonda magalimoto apamwamba.

Kuwonjezera ndemanga