Mphamvu chiwongolero. Ntchito ndi zolakwika

Galimoto yamakono silingaganizidwe popanda makina omwe amathandizira kuyenda bwino. Machitidwewa akuphatikiza kuwongolera mphamvu.

Ganizirani cholinga cha makinawa, momwe amagwirira ntchito komanso zovuta zina.

Ntchito ndi cholinga chowongolera mphamvu

Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, chiwongolero chamagetsi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazowongolera zamagalimoto. Kuwongolera mphamvu kumathandizira zomwe dalaivala amachita pakuyendetsa makina. Makina oterewa amaikidwa mgalimoto kuti dalaivala azitha kuyendetsa chiwongolero, ndipo galimoto yonyamula ili ndi makinawa kuti iwonjezere chitonthozo.

Kuphatikiza pa kuyatsa poyendetsa, ma hydraulic booster amakulolani kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa magudumu kuti mukwaniritse malo oyenera a mawilo akutsogolo. Makina opanda makina oterewa amakhala ndi chiwongolero chokhala ndi mano ambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kwa woyendetsa, koma nthawi yomweyo kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa kutembenuka kwathunthu kwa chiwongolero.

Cholinga china chowongolera magetsi ndikuchotsa kapena kuchepetsa zovuta zomwe zimabwera kuchokera pagudumu loyendetsa kupita pagudumu pomwe galimoto ikuyenda mumsewu wopanda bwino kapena kugundana ndi chopinga. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika mukakhala mgalimoto yopanda dongosolo lothandizira ili, poyendetsa, chiwongolero chimangotulutsidwa m'manja mwa driver pomwe magudumu adagundana kwambiri. Izi zimachitika, mwachitsanzo, nthawi yozizira mukamayendetsa kwambiri.

Mfundo ntchito mphamvu chiwongolero

Chifukwa chake, chiwongolero chamagetsi chimafunika kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti woyendetsa aziyendetsa galimoto. Umu ndi momwe makinawo amagwirira ntchito.

Injini yagalimoto ikuyenda, koma sikupita kulikonse, mpopu umapopa madzi kuchokera posungira kupita kukagawira ndikubwerera mozungulira. Dalaivala akangoyamba kutembenuza chiwongolero, njira imatsegulira ogawira ofanana ndi chiwongolero chomwe chikuzungulira.

Madzi amayamba kulowa mchombo cha ma hydraulic silinda. Kumbuyo kwa chidebechi, madzi oyendetsa magetsi amapita mu thankiyo. Kuyenda kwa chiwongolero kumathandizidwa ndikuyenda kwa ndodo yolumikizidwa ndi pisitoni.

Chofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera galimoto ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ma wheel oyendetsa abwerera pamalo pomwe adayendetsa pambuyo pomwe woyendetsa amatulutsa chiwongolero. Ngati mugwirizira chiwongolero mozungulira, chiwongolero chimasandutsa spool. Imagwirizana ndi camshaft drive shaft.

Popeza mphamvu zina sizikugwiritsidwanso ntchito, valavuyo imagwirizana ndikusiya kugwira ntchito pisitoniyo. Njirayo imakhazikika ndipo imayamba kugwira ntchito, ngati kuti mawilo anali owongoka. Mafuta oyendetsa magetsi amayenda mosadodometsedwa pamseu waukulu.

Gudumu likakhala kumanzere kwambiri kapena kumanja (njira yonse), mpope umadzaza ndi katundu wambiri, chifukwa woperekayo salinso pamalo abwino. Zikatere, madzi amayamba kufalikira pamphuno. Woyendetsa akhoza kumva kuti pampu ikugwira ntchito modzikongoletsa ndi mawonekedwe. Kuti dongosololi likhale losavuta kugwira ntchito, ingoletsani chiwongolero pang'ono. Kenako kutsimikizika kwa kuyenda kwamadzimadzi kudzera m'matope kumatsimikizika.

Kanema wotsatira akufotokozera momwe chiwongolero chamagetsi chimagwirira ntchito:

Kuwongolera mphamvu - chipangizocho ndi mfundo zoyendetsera kayendedwe ka mphamvu pazitsanzo za Lego!

Mphamvu chiwongolero chipangizo

Makina oyendetsa magetsi adapangidwa kuti ngakhale italephera kwathunthu, galimoto imathabe kuyendabe bwino. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi mtundu uliwonse wa chiwongolero. Kugwiritsa ntchito kofala kwambiri kumalandiridwa ndi makina oyeserera.

Poterepa, gur ili ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Mosungira (wofanana ndi thanki yokulitsa ya dongosolo lozizira kapena mabuleki);
• Mphamvu chiwongolero mpope;
• Wogulitsa mphamvu;
• Zonenepa hayidiroliki;
• Mkulu ndi otsika kuthamanga polumikiza hoses.

Bachok GUR

Mosungira ndi mosungira momwe mafuta amayamwitsidwa ndi pampu kuti agwiritse ntchito makinawo. Chidebecho chili ndi fyuluta. Ndikofunikira kuchotsa tchipisi ndi tinthu tina tating'onoting'ono tomwe timagwira ntchito, zomwe zingasokoneze kugwira ntchito kwa zinthu zina za makinawo.

Pofuna kuteteza mafuta kuti asatsike pamtengo wofunikira (kapena kutsika), dziwe lili ndi bowo lonyamulira. Ma hydraulic booster fluid amadzazidwa ndi mafuta. Chifukwa cha ichi, kuwonjezera pa mzere wofunikira wa kuthamanga, zinthu zonse za makina zimakonzedwa.

Nthawi zina thankiyo imapangidwa ndi pulasitiki wowonekera komanso wolimba. Poterepa, dipstick siyofunika, ndipo sikelo yokhala ndi mafuta ochulukirapo komanso osachepera idzagwiritsidwa ntchito pakhoma la thankiyo. Njira zina zimafunikira dongosolo lalifupi (kapena mawilo angapo oyendetsa kumanja / kumanzere) kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwake.

Sitimayo, kapena pakalibe imodzi, thankiyo yokha, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi sikelo ziwiri. Mbali imodzi, zizindikiro za injini yozizira zikuwonetsedwa, ndipo chachiwiri ndikotentha.

Mphamvu mpope chiwongolero

Ntchito ya pampu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mafuta akuyenda pamizere ndikupanga kukakamiza kuti pisitoni isunthike. Nthawi zambiri, opanga amakonzekeretsa magalimoto okhala ndi kusintha kwa pampu ya vane. Amakhala pamiyala yamphamvu. Lamba wa nthawi kapena lamba wapayekha woyendetsa amayikidwa pa pulley ya chipangizocho. Galimoto ikangoyamba kuthamanga, chotumphukiranso chimayamba kuzungulira.

Kupanikizika m'dongosolo kumapangidwa ndi kuthamanga kwa mota. Kuchulukitsa kwawo, kukakamizidwa kwambiri kumapangidwanso mu hydraulic booster. Pofuna kupewa kupanikizika kwambiri m'dongosolo, pampu imakhala ndi valavu yothandizira.

Pali zosintha ziwiri zamapampu oyendetsa magetsi:

• Chosinthika. Kusinthaku kumakhala ndi kukhazikika pamzere chifukwa cha kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito a chipangizocho;
• Zosalamulidwa. Zosinthazi zimakhala ndi valavu yochepetsera kuthamanga yomwe imakhala yolimba pamzere.

Mapampu amakono okhala ndi zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zomwe zimatumiza chizindikiritso ku ECU kuti atsegule valavu mopanikizika kwambiri.

Wogulitsa mphamvu

Wogawira akhoza kuikidwa kaya pa shaft kapena pamagudumu oyendetsa. Imayendetsa madzi ogwirira ntchito kumalo oyenera a hayidiroliki yamphamvu.

Wogulitsa amakhala ndi:

• Torsion - ndodo yomwe imagwirira ntchito kupotoza. M'mphepete mwake mumalowetsedwa mu shaft shaft, ndipo inayo imakhazikika mkati mwa spool.
• Shaft ndichinthu chopanda pake. Ili ndi njira zoyendera mafuta. Zimagwirizana ndi shaft yoyendetsa makina oyendetsa;
• Spool yolumikizidwa ndi shaft yamagetsi. Pamapeto ena, imalumikizidwa ndi zida zogwirira ntchito.

Pali ofananira ndi makina vavu zosintha. Kachiwiri, spool imagwiritsa ntchito mano oyendetsera chiwongolero chifukwa cha kuzungulira mozungulira shaft.

Hayidiroliki yamphamvu ndi hoses polumikiza

Cylinder hayidiroliki yokha ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwira ntchito kukakamiza kwamadzimadzi ogwirira ntchito. Zimasunthiranso chiwongolero chowongolera m'njira yoyenera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dalaivala azichita mosavuta.

Mkati yamphamvu yama hydraulic pali pisitoni yokhala ndi ndodo. Pamene dalaivala ayamba kutembenuza chiwongolero, kupsyinjika kopitilira muyeso kumapangidwa mu hayidiroliki yamphamvu (pafupifupi 100-150 bar), chifukwa chake pisitoni imayamba kusuntha, kukankhira ndodo mbali yomweyo.

Kuchokera pampu kupita kwa wogawira ndi hayidiroliki yamphamvu, madzimadzi amayenda kudzera payipi yayikulu. Nthawi zambiri chubu chachitsulo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo modalirika kwambiri. Nthawi yamafuta osagwira (thanki yogawa-thanki) mafuta amayenda kudzera pa payipi yotsika.

Mitundu yamagetsi

Kusintha kwa chiwongolero champhamvu kumadalira magwiridwe antchito ndi mawonekedwe ake aukadaulo komanso zazikulu. Pali mitundu yoyendetsa magetsi:

• Mtundu wa Spool - umagwira bwino ntchito, umagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto oyang'anira ndi mitundu yapakatikati;
• Njira ya nozzle / damper - pakati pa zovuta ndizocheperako ndipo imafunikira mphamvu zambiri katundu akachuluka. Chifukwa cha izi, kugwiritsa ntchito kusinthaku kwa chiwongolero champhamvu, katundu wamagetsi amakula. Amakhala ndi chidwi chachikulu, chifukwa chake amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pama hydraulic hydraulic;
• Mtundu wa jet ulibe mphamvu yotsutsana mu valavu, komanso imagwiritsa ntchito mosavuta komanso kulimba. Zowonjezera zotere sizomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafutawo akhale abwino;
• Njira yamagetsi ndi ukadaulo wamakono womwe umagwira ntchito ngakhale injini ikazimitsidwa. Amayikidwa makamaka pamagalimoto amasewera ndi magalimoto oyambira.

Machitidwe ena amakono owongolera magetsi amaphatikizapo radiator kuti iziziritsa madzi akugwira ntchito.

Kusungirako

Ma chiwongolero ndi ma hydraulic booster ndi njira zodalirika mgalimoto. Pachifukwa ichi, safuna kukonzanso pafupipafupi komanso mtengo wake. Chofunikira kwambiri ndikutsatira malamulo osintha mafuta m'dongosolo, omwe amatsimikizidwa ndi wopanga.

 Monga ntchito yothandizira mphamvu, m'pofunika kuti nthawi ndi nthawi muwone kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi posungira. Ngati mulingo utsika kwambiri mutawonjezera gawo lotsatiralo lamadzimadzi, yang'anani kutuluka kwa mafuta pamalumikizidwe a payipi kapena pa pampu yamafuta.

Kusinthasintha kwakanthawi kwamadzimadzi pamawongolero amagetsi

Mwachidziwitso, ma hydraulic booster fluid samakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutentha, monga injini kapena gearbox. Madalaivala ena saganiza zakusintha kwakanthawi mafuta m'dongosolo lino, pokhapokha ngati makinawo akukonzedwa.

Ngakhale zili choncho, opanga amalimbikitsa kuti nthawi ndi nthawi azisintha mafuta owongolera. Zachidziwikire, palibe malire ovuta, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi mafuta a injini, koma lamuloli limadalira mphamvu ya makinawo.

Ngati galimoto ikuyendetsa pafupifupi makilomita zikwi makumi awiri pachaka, ndiye kuti madziwo sangasinthidwe kamodzi kamodzi zaka zitatu. Zifukwa zosinthira madzi pafupipafupi ndi izi:

• Kutentha pang'ono, komabe mafuta amatenthedwa pamizere;
• Kukalamba kwachilengedwe kwa malonda;
• Maonekedwe a tinthu tina chifukwa chakukula komwe kumadza chifukwa cha mikangano yazitsulo (vuto limabwera ngati makinawo amapangidwa ndi zinthu zotsika kwambiri).

Ngati, poyang'ana mulingo wamafuta mu thanki, mwiniwake wamgalimoto amva kununkhira kwa mafuta opsereza, ndiye kuti ndi akale kale ndipo akuyenera kusinthidwa.

Nayi kanema wamfupi momwe ntchitoyi imagwirira ntchito molondola:

Momwe mungasinthire madzi oyendetsa magetsi

Malfunctions oyambira ndi njira zothetsera

Nthawi zambiri, kukonza chiwongolero chamagetsi kumawira m'malo m'malo mwa zisindikizo. Ntchitoyi ikhoza kuchitika pogula chida chowongolera magetsi. Kulephera kwa ma hydraulic booster ndikosowa kwambiri ndipo makamaka chifukwa cha kutuluka kwamadzimadzi. Izi zikuwonetsedwa poti chiwongolero chikuyenda mwamphamvu. Koma ngakhale mkuzamawu wokha walephera, chiwongolero chikupitirizabe kugwira ntchito.

Nayi tebulo la zolakwika zazikulu ndi mayankho ake:

Wonongeka	Chifukwa chikuwuka	Njira yothetsera
Mukamayendetsa, zodumphira zomwe sizinafanane zimatumizidwa ku chiwongolero	Mavuto osauka kapena kuvala pa lamba woyendetsa pampu	Sinthanitsani kapena kumangitsa lamba
Chiongolero kutembenukira zolimba	Vuto lomwelo ndi lamba; Mulingo wadzimadzi wogwirira ntchito uli pansipa kapena pafupi ndi mtengo wocheperako; Chiwerengero chochepa chakusintha kwa crankshaft panthawi yopanda ntchito; Fyuluta yosungira idatsekeka; Pampu imapangitsa kupsyinjika kofooka; Makulitsidwe akuwuluka.	Sinthani kapena kumitsani lamba; Bweretsani voliyumu yamadzi; Wonjezerani liwiro la injini (sinthani); Sinthani fyuluta; Bwezeretsani pampu kapena m'malo mwake; Limbikitsani kulumikizana kwa payipi.
Muyenera kuyesetsa kutembenuza chiwongolero pakati chapakati	Mawotchi mpope kulephera	Sinthani chidindo cha mafuta, konzani mpope kapena m'malo mwake
Kutembenuza chiwongolero mbali imodzi kumafunikira kuyesetsa kwambiri	Pump zosalongosoka	Konzani pampu kapena m'malo mwa chidindo cha mafuta
Pamafunika khama kuti mutembenuzire chiwongolero mwachangu	Osavuta pagalimoto mavuto lamba; Low injini liwiro; Air dongosolo; Broken mpope.	Sinthani lamba woyendetsa; Sinthani liwiro la injini; Chotsani kutayikira kwa mpweya ndikuchotsani pulagi pamzere; Konzani mpope; Dziwani zoyendetsa.
Kuchepetsa kuyankha	Mulingo wamadzimadzi watsika; Kuwongolera kayendetsedwe ka mphamvu; Mawotchi kulephera kwa chiwongolero, tayala kapena magawo ena; Zigawo zowongolera zatha (osati vuto ndi chiwongolero chamagetsi).	Chotsani kutayikira, lembani kuchepa kwa mafuta; Chotsani zotchinga mpweya ndikukhazikitsa kulumikizana kuti pasakhale mpweya woyamwa; Kuzindikira ndi kukonza makina owongolera.
Chowonjezera cha hayidiroliki chimalira panthawi yogwira ntchito	Mulingo wamafuta mu thanki watsika; Valavu yothandizira yothandizira yatsegulidwa (chiwongolero chatsegulidwa njira yonse).	Fufuzani kutayikira, chotsani ndikubwezeretsanso voliyumu; Chotsani thovu la mpweya; Onani kuti pampu ikugwira bwino ntchito; Fufuzani ngati pampu ikukakamizidwa mokwanira; Musatembenuzire chiwongolero njira yonse.

Ngati galimoto ili ndi chowonjezera chamagetsi, ndiye ngati pali ma alamu aliwonse, muyenera kulumikizana ndi katswiri nthawi yomweyo. Zamagetsi zimayesedwa pazida zoyenera, chifukwa chake popanda maluso ofunikira ndibwino kuti musayesere kukonza zina zamagetsi.

Ubwino ndi Kuipa kwa Kuwongolera Mphamvu

Popeza machitidwe amakono achitetezo adapangidwa kuti azithandiza kuyendetsa galimoto ndikuyendetsa ulendo wautali wosangalatsa, zabwino zonse zadongosolo lino ndizokhudzana ndi izi:

• Imathandizira kuyenda pamagawo ang'onoang'ono amisewu kapena poyimika galimoto;
• Woyendetsa samatopa kwenikweni pamaulendo ataliatali;
• Imafewetsa zilonda ndi kugwedera komwe kumachitika mukamayendetsa m'misewu yosagwirizana;
• Amapereka chitetezo chokwanira chifukwa choyankha bwino ngakhale mutathamanga kwambiri (makamaka mukamayang'ana pakona).

Njira iliyonse yowonjezera imakhala ndi zovuta zake. Kuwongolera kwamphamvu kuli ndi:

• Kuchepa kwamphamvu yamagalimoto, popeza kuyendetsa pampu kumayenda nthawi zonse;
• Nthawi ndi nthawi, ngakhale samakonda, dongosololi limafunikira kukonza.

Mulimonsemo, cholimbikitsira hayidiroliki zimapangitsa ntchito ya ziziyenda ano mosavuta. Makamaka ngati galimotoyo ndi galimoto.

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi chiwongolero cha magetsi chimagwira ntchito bwanji? Pamene injini ikuyenda, madzimadzi amazungulira kuzungulira dera. Panthawi yomwe chiwongolero chikuzungulira, valavu ya imodzi mwazitsulo zowongolera mphamvu imatsegulidwa (malingana ndi kutembenuka). Mafuta amapondereza pisitoni ndi ndodo yowongolera.

Momwe mungazindikire kusokonekera kwa mphamvu? Kuwonongeka kwa chiwongolero champhamvu kumatsagana ndi: kugogoda ndi kubwereranso kwa chiwongolero, kusintha kuyesetsa kutembenuka, "kuluma" chiwongolero, malo osakhala achilengedwe a chiwongolero chokhudzana ndi mawilo.