Engine hammer yamadzi - ndichiyani? Zotsatira ndi yankho lavutoli

Palibe galimoto imodzi yomwe imatetezedwa ku nyundo yamadzi. Izi zikachitika, nthawi zambiri galimotoyo imafunikira kukonzanso mtengo kwambiri. Koma nthawi zambiri izi sizomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha nyundo yamadzi yokha, koma zomwe oyendetsa amayesa kuchita akakumana ndi zodabwitsazi.

Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tiganizire mwatsatanetsatane mitu yayikulu yokhudzana ndi nyundo yamadzi.

Kodi hammer yamadzi ndi chiyani?

Ichi ndi chodabwitsa pamene madzi alowa mu injini yamphamvu pamodzi ndi mpweya ndi mafuta. Izi zimachitika pokha pokha pokhapokha - malo okhawo otseguka kuti azitha kupeza zinthu zakunja mu injini.

Madzi amatha kulowa mu injini yoyaka mkati m'njira ziwiri:

• Galimoto yomwe ili pa liwiro imagwera pachithaphwi chakuya. Kuphatikiza pa aquaplaning (chodabwitsa ichi chafotokozedwa m'nkhani yapadera) madzi ena amatha kulowa mu fyuluta yamlengalenga;
• Galimotoyo yayimikidwa pamunsi pamalo oyimikapo mobisa, osefukira. Zinthu zofananazi zimachitika m'malo otsika a madera osefukira.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiani madzi akamalowa mosiyanasiyana? Woyendetsa mosayembekezera amayesa kuyambitsa galimoto. Sitata imatsegula mawilo, makina opunthira amayambitsidwa limodzi ndi nthawi yanthawi. Mavavu olowa pamutu wamphamvu amatseguka mosiyanasiyana. Kudzera mu dzenjelo, madzi amalowa mu silinda.

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi kuchuluka kwake, pisitoniyo imatha kumaliza kuponderezana mpaka kumapeto. Koma pamene crankshaft ikupitilizabe kusintha, madzimadzi omwe anali mchipinda choyakacho amapitilizabe kupanikizika. Ma valve atsekedwa panthawiyi. Madzi alibe kopita, ndipo akuyang'ana malo opanda mphamvu. Popeza njirayi imachitika mwachangu, kandulo imatsanulidwa ndipo silinda ndi madzi mkati mwake amaundana, koma crankshaft ikupitiliza kuyesa kubweretsa pisitoni m'mimbamo mpaka kumapeto kwa kuponderezana.

Ichi ndi nyundo yamadzi, osati kungomangika bwino. Chifukwa chakuthwa, ziwalo zamagalimoto zimalephera. Apa zonse zimatengera zomwe zimafooka: chipika cha injini, ndodo yolumikizira, pisitoni kapena crankshaft yokha.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za nyundo yamadzi

Umu ndi momwe mungadziwire ngati galimoto yakhala ndi nyundo yamadzi. Choyamba, kuchuluka kwa madzi nthawi zonse kumakhala mnzake pazomwe zimachitika. Awa akhoza kukhala malo oimikapo magalimoto osefukira kapena kuyendetsa pachitsime chakuya. Madalaivala ena, powona momwe mabasi kutsogolo akugonjetsera doko, amaganiza kuti: "Ndimasamala," koma funde lomwe lili patsogolo pa hood silimaganizira zofuna za eni galimoto.

Imeneyi, udindo wa chitoliro cha mpweya fyuluta gawo amathandiza. Omvera oyenda panjira kuti athetse mavutowa, amaika mpweya wonse padenga.

Ngati galimoto ikulowa mchithaphwi chachikulu, ndipo madzi afika kumapeto kwenikweni kwa rediyeta, ndiye kuti zinthu zotsatirazi ndi zizindikiro zomveka za nyundo yamadzi:

• Chosefera cha mpweya ndichonyowa;
• Madzi modula modukizadukiza;
• Ntchito yamagalimoto idatsagana ndi kusokonekera kwamphamvu komanso kunjenjemera kwamphamvu.

Zoyenera kuchita ngati nyundo yamadzi ichitika

Ngati zinthu zonsezi zikakumana, muyenera kuchita izi:

• Timapanikizana mgalimoto. Simungathe kupitirira apo. Nthawi zina, gawo lomwe lakhala ndi nyundo yamadzi silimayima, koma lipitilizabe kugwira ntchito, kuwononga zinthu zambiri;
• Timakweza hood, tiwone ngati mulibe madzi mu fyuluta yamlengalenga. Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti pazosefera palibenso madontho, koma amapunduka. Izi amathanso kukhala chizindikiro cha nyundo yamadzi;
• Chotsani fyuluta ndikuyang'ana ngalande. Ngati pali madontho pamakoma ake, ndiye kuti pali kuthekera kwakukulu kuti ntchito yosakhazikika ya chipindacho imagwirizanitsidwa ndi nyundo yamadzi;
• Ngati chinyezi chilipo, chikuyenera kuchotsedwa. Ndikwabwino kutero ndi zida zogwiritsira ntchito kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, nsalu ya thonje kapena nsalu youma;
• Chotsatira ndicho kumasula makandulo ndikuyesera kuyambitsa injini. Ngati sitata ikuyendetsa crankshaft moyenera, izi ndi zabwino - injini ya injini siinachitike;
• Panjira, njira zowonjezerazo sizingachitike, chifukwa chake timayitanitsa galimoto yokoka kapena kukokera galimotoyo kumalo operekera chithandizo kapena ku garaja yathu.

Pamsonkhano, timasokoneza kapepala kake ka chakudya ndikuuma. Ngati izi sizingachitike, ndiye kuti m'mawa mwake madontho onse adzasonkhanitsidwa pamalo amodzi ndipo injini ikayamba adzakokedwa ndi mpweya wolowera. Kuchokera apa, nthawi zina, ngakhale poyang'ana koyamba, nyundo yamadzi imapangidwa mwadzidzidzi mgawo logwira ntchito komanso louma.

Poganizira pamwambapa, ngati makina adamwa madzi, ndibwino kukaonana ndi katswiri.

Zotsatira za nyundo yamadzi ya injini: momwe zimawopsezera

Zotsatira za nyundo yamadzi zimadalira kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amalowa mgalimoto. Mtundu wamagetsi ulinso wofunikira. Chifukwa chake, injini ya dizilo imagwira ntchito mopanikizika kwambiri ndi mpweya, chifukwa chake, zotsatira zake zimakhala zowononga kwambiri, ngakhale ndi madzi ochepa.

Ndikofunikira munjira yomwe unit imagwirira ntchito madzi akalowamo. Chifukwa chake, injini ikangokhala ulesi, imangodumphadumpha, chifukwa crankshaft imakumana ndi kukana kwambiri kuzungulira. Ngati galimotoyo idagonjetsa foloko yakuya kuthamanga kwambiri, ndiye kuti ndodo zolumikizira zosweka kapena kuwonongeka kwa mphete ndizotsimikizika.

Zikatero, mota sungayime. Poterepa, ngati mupitiliza kuyenda, gawo lophwanyalo limatha kuboola pomwe njirayo ingopanikizana.

Zotsatira zochepa kwambiri za nyundo yamadzi ndizokonzanso kwakukulu pamgalimoto. Zikakhala zovuta kwambiri, m'malo mwake. Ndipo ngati galimoto ndi yokwera mtengo, ndiye kuti njirayi ikufanana ndi kugula galimoto yatsopano.

Crankshaft kuwonongeka

Chovalacho chimapangidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zitha kupilira zovuta zazikulu. Pachifukwa ichi, gawo ili silimaswa ndi nyundo yamadzi.

Ngati, mutatha kusungunula injini yoyaka yamkati, mawonekedwe a elementi adapezeka, ndiye kuti izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri chifukwa chogwira ntchito ndi zida zosweka za gulu la silinda-pisitoni. Mphero ya crankshaft imachitika pamene injini ikutentha kwambiri ndipo ziwalo zake zimapunduka chifukwa chokwera kwambiri.

Pakati pa "capital" ya injini, minder idzakuwuzani chifukwa chake crankshaft ili jamm.

Kukonza injini pambuyo pa nyundo yamadzi

Galimoto yomwe yasambitsidwa iyenera kusokonezedwa pang'ono. Mutu umachotsedwa ndipo momwe KShM ikuyendera imayang'aniridwa. Zitsulo zama injini zimayendera ngati zilibe. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti mutatsitsa mutu, muyenera kusintha gasket (momwe mungachitire izi, werengani apa). Ngati dalaivala adalowa mchithaphwi chakuya ndikuyesera kukakamiza galimoto kuti ipite patsogolo, ndiye kuti, kukonzanso kwakukulu kwa injini yoyaka mkati kudzafunika.

Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti injini idakumana ndi nyundo yamadzi, koma woyendetsa sanachite chilichonse. Paulendo, panali phokoso lakunja, koma sanamvere. Chotsatira chake, magawo osweka a makina ophwanyika anawononga zinthu zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, ndipo injini inayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kodi mungapewe bwanji nyundo yamadzi?

Pamagalimoto opepuka nthawi zonse, chinthu chabwino ndikuchepetsa momwe mungathere patsogolo pa dziwe. Izi sizingoteteza nyundo yamadzi, komanso kupewa kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zamagalimoto zamagalimoto. Sizachabe kuti anthu akuti: "Ngati simukudziwa ford, musalowe m'madzi."

Ngati galimotoyo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi zovuta zonse zapanjira, kuphatikiza ma dambo akuya, ndiye kuti pankhaniyi, okonda ambiri panjira yakunyumba amangoyambitsa snorkel. Ichi ndi cholowa cha pulasitiki kapena chachitsulo chomwe chimakoka mpweya padenga.

Ngati palibe njira yodikira nyengo yoipa, ndipo muyenera kuyendetsa galimoto mumisewu yonyowa, ndiye kuti pali lamulo limodzi lofunikira. Chithaphwi chikakhala chachikulu kwambiri kwakuti ndizosatheka kuti tizizungulire, timasankha "osaya" kwambiri ndikuyendetsa mwachangu. Galimoto ikamayenda pang'onopang'ono, ndibwino - palibe funde lomwe limapangidwe patsogolo pa nyumbayo. Vutolo litagonjetsedwa, ndibwino kuyimitsa ngati njira yodzitetezera ndikuwunika momwe zosefera zilili.

Chifukwa chake, monga tikuwonera, nyundo yamadzi siyiyanjinga ina yamayendedwe, koma ngozi yowopsa yomwe ingapewe.

Ndipo potsiriza - kuyesa kanema momwe nyundo yamadzi imagwirira ntchito:

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Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati pali nyundo yamadzi mu injini? Zosefera mpweya wonyowa (si nthawi zonse zimasonyeza izi), kusokoneza ntchito injini, kugwedezeka, posachedwapa galimoto anamira mu chithaphwi chakuya (ngakhale hood anaphimba).

КZotsatira zake ndi chiyani pambuyo pa nyundo yamadzi ya injini? Pang'ono pang'ono, madzi amatsogolera ku ntchito yosakhazikika ya unit mpaka itachotsedwamo. Zochulukirapo, zimatha kuyambitsa kupindika kwa ndodo zolumikizira, komanso kuwonongeka kwa chipikacho.

Kodi zizindikiro za nyundo yamadzi ndi ziti? Pambuyo kwambiri "kusambira" injini anasiya ndipo sayamba, ndi kuyesa kuyamba izo limodzi ndi phokoso lochititsa mantha (kugogoda zitsulo - kulumikiza ndodo breakage kapena mapindikidwe ake).