Torque converter, CVT, clutch wapawiri kapena single clutch cars, pali kusiyana kotani?

Audiophiles amadandaula m'badwo wa digito ndi kusowa kwake kwa kutentha kwa vinyl; olimbikitsa cricket amayesa Twenty20 ngati ziro zonenepa, komabe mitundu yonse iwiri ya kunyozera si kanthu poyerekeza ndi kunyansidwa ndi okonda kuyendetsa galimoto omwe amawoneka ngati akupitilira kuwongolera ma transmissions.

Ziribe kanthu kuti madalaivala a Formula 1 amatani ndi ma pedals awiri ndi ma paddle shifters, oyendetsa galimoto amatsutsa kuti moyo ulibe tanthauzo popanda zingwe ndi kuvina.

Chowonadi ndi chakuti ambiri ogula magalimoto ali okondwa kuyika ma gearbox awo mu D ya Do Small, motero zosinthira zodziwikiratu zafika ponseponse, pomwe bungwe la Federal Chamber of the Automotive Industry (FCAI) limati 70 peresenti ya magalimoto atsopano ogulitsidwa ku Australia.

Kunena zoona, n’zosadabwitsa kuti nambalayi siili yokulirapo mukaganizira kuti magalimoto ochepera 4% ogulitsidwa ku US ali ndi kufala kwamanja.

Simungathe ngakhale kugula Ferrari yatsopano, Lamborghini kapena Nissan GT-R ndi kufala kwamanja.

Izi sizongochitika chifukwa cha ulesi, komanso chifukwa chakumayambiriro kwa zaka chikwi, zotengera zodziwikiratu zidakhala zangwiro komanso zotsika mtengo, ndikusiya njira yopangira ma purists ndi osauka.

Ndipo kutsutsana kuti simungatenge nawo mbali pagalimoto popanda chosinthira kumachepa tsiku lililonse mukaganiza kuti simungathe kugula Ferrari yatsopano, Lamborghini kapena Nissan GT-R ndi kufala kwamanja (komanso mitundu yodziwika bwino ya Porsche). osakupatsani mwayi).

Ndiye zidakhala bwanji kuti magalimoto adzisankha okha ndipo ndi chiyani chomwe chimawapangitsa kukhala okopa kwambiri kotero kuti anthu ali okonzeka kuwalipirira zambiri?

Torque Converter

Iyi ndiye njira yodziwika bwino yomwe imapezeka pamndandanda wotchuka wa Mazda, komanso mtundu wodula kwambiri waku Japan Lexus.

M'malo mogwiritsa ntchito clutch kuyatsa ndi kuyimitsa torque ya injini kuchokera ku gearbox, m'magalimoto achikhalidwe njira yotumizira imalumikizidwa kwamuyaya pogwiritsa ntchito chosinthira ma torque.

Chosinthira torque chodziwikiratu chimakhala ndi mwayi wosiyana ndi ma torque apamwamba pama rev otsika.

Izi pang'ono zovuta uinjiniya njira amakankhira madzi mozungulira losindikizidwa nyumba mothandizidwa ndi otchedwa "impeller". Madzimadzi amayendetsa turbine kumbali ina ya nyumbayo, yomwe imasamutsa galimoto kupita ku gearbox.

Chosinthira ma torque chodziwikiratu chimakhala ndi mwayi wosiyana ndi ma torque ambiri pama revs otsika, omwe ndi abwino kuthamangitsa kuchokera pakuyima ndikupitilira. Kuthamanga kuchokera pakuyima kumakhala kosalala, monganso kusintha kwa magiya, zomwe sizinali choncho nthawi zonse ndi magalimoto amtundu wa 80s oyambirira.

Ndiye mumasintha bwanji magiya?

Mwinamwake munamvapo mawu akuti "magiya a mapulaneti" kumeneko, omwe amamveka ngati aakulu, koma makamaka amatanthauza magiya omwe amakonzedwa mozungulira, monga momwe mwezi umazungulira dziko lapansi. Posintha magiya omwe amazungulira poyerekeza ndi ena, kompyuta yotumizira imatha kusintha magiya ndikuwonetsa magiya omwe ali oyenera kuthamanga kapena kuyenda.

Limodzi mwazovuta zachikhalidwe zosinthira ma torque ndilakuti sizothandiza kwenikweni chifukwa chosowa kulumikizana kwachindunji pakati pa zolowetsa ndi zotulutsa.

Zosinthira zamakono za "lock-up" zimaphatikizanso cholumikizira chamakina kuti chikhale chogwira bwino kwambiri.

Onjezani zida zosinthira zopalasa ku chiwongolero ndipo zosinthira zamakono zimatha kusangalatsa ngakhale abale awo okhala ndi clutch.

Single clutch gearbox

Chotsatira chachikulu chaumisiri chotsatira chotengera chodziwikiratu chinali kachipangizo kamodzi ka clutch, chomwe chili ngati kufala kwamanja komwe kumakhala ndi ma pedals awiri okha.

Kompyutayo imatenga ulamuliro wa clutch ndikusintha liwiro la injini kuti zisinthe zida zosalala.

Kapenanso linali lingalirolo, chifukwa m'mabuku odzipangira okhawa amatha kutenga nthawi kuti achotse clutch, kusintha zida ndi kubwezeretsanso, kuwapangitsa kukhala onjenjemera komanso okwiyitsa, ngati woyendetsa wophunzira kapena kangaroo kubisala pansi pa hood yanu. . .

Nthawi zambiri zasinthidwa ndipo ziyenera kupewedwa pogula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

BMW SMG (sequential manual transmission) inali mpainiya pa ntchitoyi, koma pamene akuluakulu a luso ankakonda, anthu ambiri adapenga chifukwa cha kusazindikira kwake.

Magalimoto ena amalimbanabe ndi kachitidwe kamodzi ka clutch, monga Fiat's Dualogic transmission, koma nthawi zambiri asinthidwa ndipo ayenera kupewedwa pogula magalimoto ogwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kutumiza kwapawiri Clutch (DCT)

Dongosolo la clutch lapawiri limamveka ngati liyenera kukhala labwino kawiri, ndipo litero.

Ma gearbox apamwamba awa, omwe mwina amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi Volkswagen ndi DSG (Direkt-Schalt-Getriebe kapena Direct Shift Gearbox), amagwiritsa ntchito magiya awiri osiyana, iliyonse ili ndi clutch yake.

Galimoto yamakono yomwe ili ndi DCT imatha kusintha magiya mu ma milliseconds okha.

M'mayendedwe asanu ndi awiri othamanga, 1-3-5-7 ingakhale pa ulalo umodzi ndi 2-4-6 pa imzake. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati mukuthamanga mu giya lachitatu, zida zachinayi zitha kusankhidwa kale, kotero ikafika nthawi yosuntha, kompyuta imangotulutsa kachipangizo kamodzi ndikuyika inayo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha kosavuta. Galimoto yamakono yomwe ili ndi DCT imatha kusintha magiya mu ma milliseconds okha.

Dongosolo la VW ndi lachangu, koma mabokosi amtundu wapawiri-clutch omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto ngati Nissan GT-R, McLaren 650S ndi Ferrari 488 GTB amapereka nthawi zosintha mwachangu komanso pafupifupi palibe kutayika kwa torque pakati.

Ngakhale zimakhala zovuta kuti purist imeze, imapangitsanso kuti ikhale yofulumira komanso yosavuta kuyendetsa kuposa buku lililonse.

Kutumiza Kosiyanasiyana (CVT)

Izi zitha kumveka ngati njira yabwino yodziwikiratu, koma CVT ikhoza kukhala yosasangalatsa kwa anthu ena.

CVT imachita ndendende zomwe ikunena palemba. M'malo mosinthana pakati pa chiwerengero cha magiya omwe adakonzedweratu, CVT ikhoza kusintha chiŵerengero cha zida pa ntchentche pafupifupi kosatha.

Tangoganizani kachingwe kamene kamakwera mu ekisilo, yokhala ndi ekseli yachiwiri yopanda kanthu yofanana ndi yoyamba. Tsopano ikani zotanuka pa nkhwangwa ndi chulucho.

Ma CVT amatha kupangitsa injini kuti igwire ntchito bwino kwambiri

Mukasuntha mphira mmwamba ndi pansi pamsewu, musintha kangati ekseli yopanda kanthu iyenera kuzungulira kuti mumalize kuzungulira kumodzi kwa koniyo. Mwa kusuntha kapamwamba ndi pansi, mumasintha chiŵerengero cha gear.

Popeza chiŵerengero cha magiya chingasinthidwe popanda kusintha magiya, ma CVT amatha kupangitsa injiniyo kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri.

Pochita izi, izi zikutanthauza kuti mukamathamanga m'galimoto ndi CVT, imapanga phokoso lokhazikika m'malo mwa chikhalidwe chokwera ndi chotsika.

Ndi ndalama kwambiri, koma sizikumveka zosangalatsa monga injini ayenera. Apanso, awa ndi malingaliro a purist ndipo anthu ena samawona kusiyana konse kupatula pampu yamafuta.

Ndiye choti musankhe?

Zodziwikiratu zamakono zimapereka mafuta abwinoko kuposa ma manual chifukwa cha kusankha kwakukulu kwa magiya. kufala ambiri Buku ndi magiya asanu kutsogolo, ngakhale Porsche 911 amapereka asanu.

Makina amakono apawiri-clutch amagwiritsa ntchito magiya asanu ndi awiri, magalimoto osinthira ma torque mpaka asanu ndi anayi, ndipo ma CVT amatha kupanga pafupifupi magiya osawerengeka, kutanthauza kuti amapereka mafuta abwino kwambiri.

Ndi liwiro losinthira lomwe limasokoneza dalaivala wachangu kwambiri, wodziwikiratu amathanso kuthamanga mwachangu.

Sikuti kachitidwe kopitilira muyeso wapawiri-clutch; ZF yosinthira ma torque asanu ndi anayi imapereka ma gearshift omwe amanenedwa kuti ali "pansi pa khomo la kuzindikira".

Opanga ma automaker ambiri akuchoka pamapazi amanja.

Zili ngati makatani a utsogoleri wodzichepetsa; yomwe yakhala njira yochepetsetsa, yaludzu, komanso yowononga phazi lakumanzere.

Ma automakers ambiri akusiya kutumizira kwathunthu, kotero si njira yachitsanzo yosungira ndalama zochepa.

Ndizovuta kukhulupirira, koma kuyendetsa pamanja pamanja kungawoneke ngati retro kwa zidzukulu zanu monga momwe ma vinyl amachitira masiku ano.

Kodi mungakonde bwanji kutumiza? Kodi mukuyendetsabe makanika? Tiuzeni zomwe mukuganiza mu ndemanga pansipa.