Galimoto yamagetsi dzulo, lero ndi mawa: gawo 2

Mapulatifomu oyimirira kapena mayankho osinthidwa a magalimoto amagetsi

Kodi kukhazikitsidwa ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mapulatifomu athunthu amagetsi ndikotheka? Yankho: zimatengera. Kubwerera mchaka cha 2010, Chevrolet Volt (Opel Ampera) idawonetsa kuti pali njira zosinthira bwino mtengo wamagetsi kuti zitheke mwa kuphatikiza phukusi la batri mkatikati mwa nsanja ya Delta II pomwe dongosolo la utsi lilipo . ) ndi pansi pampando wakumbuyo wagalimoto. Komabe, malinga ndi malingaliro amakono, Volt ndi mtundu wosakanizidwa (ngakhale ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wofanana ndi womwe umapezeka mu Toyota Prius) wokhala ndi batire ya 16 kWh ndi injini yoyaka mkati. Zaka khumi zapitazo, kampaniyo idamupempha kuti ikhale ngati galimoto yamagetsi yothamanga kwambiri, ndipo izi zikuwonetsa njira yomwe mtundu wamgalimoto wayendera mzaka khumi izi.

Kwa Volkswagen ndi magawo ake, omwe zolinga zawo zokhumba zimaphatikizira kupanga magalimoto amagetsi miliyoni imodzi pachaka, pofika 2025 kupangidwa kwa nsanja zopangidwira magalimoto amagetsi ndikoyenera. Komabe, kwa opanga monga BMW, nkhaniyi ndi yovuta kwambiri. Pambuyo pa scalded i3, yomwe inali kutsogolo koma idapangidwa nthawi yosiyana, choncho sichinayambe kukhala yotheka pazachuma, zifukwa zomwe kampani ya Bavarian inaganiza kuti okonza mapulani ayenera kuyang'ana njira yopangira nsanja zosinthika zomwe zingathe kukulitsa luso la onse awiri. mitundu yamagalimoto. Tsoka ilo, nsanja zamagetsi zomwe zimasinthidwa mwamwambo ndizogwirizana kwambiri - ma cell amayikidwa m'mapaketi osiyana ndikuyikidwa pomwe pali malo, ndipo m'mapangidwe atsopano amaperekedwa kuti agwirizane.

Komabe, malowa sagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera monga momwe amagwiritsira ntchito maselo omangidwa pansi, ndipo zinthuzo zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zingwe, zomwe zimawonjezera kulemera ndi kukana. Mitundu yamakono yamagetsi yamakampani ambiri, monga e-Golf ndi Mercedes 'electric B-class, ndizomwezo. Chifukwa chake, BMW idzagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yokonzedwa bwino ya nsanja ya CLAR pomwe iX3 ndi i4 zomwe zikubwera zidzakhazikitsidwa. Mercedes adzakhala ndi njira yofananira m'zaka zikubwerazi, pogwiritsa ntchito matembenuzidwe osinthidwa a mapulaneti ake amakono asanayambe (pafupi zaka ziwiri) EVA II wodzipatulira. Pamitundu yake yoyamba yamagetsi, makamaka e-Tron, Audi idagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wosinthidwa wa MLB Evo yake yomwe idasintha wheelbase yonse kuti iphatikize paketi yonse ya batri. Komabe, Porsche ndi Audi pakali pano akupanga Premium Platform Electric (PPE) yopangidwira makamaka kuyendetsa magetsi yomwe idzagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi Bentley. Komabe, ngakhale mbadwo watsopano wa nsanja zodzipatulira za EV sudzafunafuna njira ya avant-garde ya i3, yomwe makamaka idzagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo ndi aluminiyamu pazifukwa izi.

Ndipo aliyense akuyang'ana njira yatsopano m'nkhalango posachedwa. Fiat idagulitsa mtundu wamagetsi wa Panda zaka 30 zapitazo, koma FiatChrysler tsopano ikungotsalira izi. Mtundu wa Fiat 500e ndi pulogalamu yolowetsa ya Chrysler Pacifica ikugulitsidwa ku United States. Dongosolo lakampaniyo limafuna kuti pakhale ndalama zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi pofika chaka cha 9, ndipo ziyamba kupanga magalimoto amagetsi 2022 ku Europe pogwiritsa ntchito nsanja yatsopano yamagetsi. Maserati ndi Alfa Romeo alinso ndi mitundu yamagetsi.

Pofika chaka cha 2022, Ford ikuyambitsa magalimoto amagetsi a 16 pa nsanja ya MEB ku Ulaya; Honda adzagwiritsa ntchito powertrains electrified kubweretsa magawo awiri pa atatu a zitsanzo zake ku Ulaya ndi 2025; Hyundai yakhala ikugulitsa makina amagetsi a Kona ndi Ioniq bwino, koma tsopano ali okonzeka ndi nsanja ya EV yatsopano. Toyota idzakhazikitsa zitsanzo zake zamtsogolo zamagetsi pa e-TNGA yomangidwa makamaka kwa magalimoto amagetsi, omwe adzagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi Mazda, ndipo pamene dzinali ndi lofanana ndi mayankho angapo a TNGA, ndilokhazikika. Toyota ili ndi zochitika zambiri ndi magalimoto amagetsi ndi kayendetsedwe ka mphamvu, koma osati ndi mabatire a lithiamu-ion chifukwa, m'dzina la kudalirika, wagwiritsa ntchito mabatire a nickel-metal hydride mpaka kumapeto. Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi ikugwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe omwe alipo pamitundu yambiri yamagetsi, koma posachedwa adzakhazikitsa nsanja yatsopano yamagetsi, CMF-EV. Dzina la CMF lisakunyengeni - monga Toyota ndi TNGA, CMF-EV ilibe kanthu kochita ndi CMF. Mitundu ya PSA idzagwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya CMP ndi EMP2. Pulatifomu ya m'modzi mwa omwe adayambitsa kuyendetsa kwamagetsi kwatsopano Jaguar I-Pace ilinso ndi magetsi.

Kupanga kudzachitika bwanji

Kusonkhanitsa galimoto pafakitole kumakhala ndi 15% yazinthu zonse zomwe amapanga. 85% yotsala imakhudzana ndikupanga gawo limodzi la magawo opitilira zikwi khumi ndi kusonkhanitsanso kwawo mgawo la magawo 100 ofunikira, omwe amatumizidwa kumalo opangira. Magalimoto masiku ano ndi ovuta kwambiri, ndipo mawonekedwe azinthu zawo sawalola kuti azipangidwa kwathunthu ndi kampani yamagalimoto. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito kwa opanga monga Daimler omwe ali ndi digirii yayikulu yophatikiza komanso kudzipangira pazokha monga ma gearbox. Masiku omwe kampaniyo idalemba mpaka zazing'ono kwambiri ngati Ford Model T adapita kale. Mwina chifukwa palibe zambiri mwatsatanetsatane T ...

Komabe, kulimba mtima pakupanga magalimoto amagetsi m'zaka zaposachedwa kwabweretsa zovuta zatsopano kwa opanga magalimoto wamba. Zosinthasintha monga momwe makina opanga amapangira, makamaka amaphatikiza mitundu yamachitidwe amisonkhano ndi matupi ochiritsira, ma powertrains, ndi ma powertrains. Izi zikuphatikiza mitundu ya plug-in ya haibridi, yomwe siyimasiyana kwambiri pakapangidwe kupatula kowonjezera batire ndi zamagetsi zamagetsi pamalo abwino pagalimoto. Izi ndizowona ngakhale pamagalimoto amagetsi potengera mapangidwe achikhalidwe.

Kupanga magalimoto, kuphatikiza magetsi, kumachitika nthawi imodzi ndi kapangidwe kake, momwe makampani amgalimoto iliyonse amasankhira njira yochitira. Sitikunena za Tesla, yemwe kupanga kwake kumangidwa pafupifupi kuyambira pachiyambi pamaziko a magalimoto amagetsi, koma za opanga odziwika, omwe, kutengera zosowa zawo, ayenera kuphatikiza kupanga magalimoto ndi magetsi wamba komanso magetsi. Ndipo popeza palibe amene akudziwa bwino zomwe zichitike posachedwa, zonse ziyenera kukhala zosinthika mokwanira.

Makina atsopano opanga ...

Kwa opanga ambiri, yankho ndikusintha mizere yawo yopangira kuti igwirizane ndi magalimoto amagetsi. Mwachitsanzo, GM imapanga ma volt osakanikirana ndi magetsi pamagetsi omwe alipo kale. Anzake akale PSA ati apanga magalimoto awo kuti atenge njira yomweyo.

Ntchito ya Daimler pakupanga magalimoto amagetsi pansi pa mtundu watsopano wa EQ ndikusintha mafakitore kutengera kuyerekezera kwa 15 mpaka 25% yamalonda a Mercedes-Benz pofika 2025. Kukhala okonzekera izi Ndi chitukuko cha msika, kuphatikiza kuneneratu uku, kampani ikukulitsa chomera ku Sindelfingen ndi chomera chotchedwa Factory 56. Mercedes amatanthauzira chomera ichi ngati "chomera choyamba chamtsogolo" ndipo ziphatikiza mayankho onse aukadaulo ... Enya ndi machitidwe amatchedwa. Makampani 4.0. Monga chomera cha PSA ku Tremeri, chomera ichi ndi chomera cha Daimler Full-Flex ku Kecskemét chitha kupanga magalimoto amagetsi limodzi ndi wamba. Kupanga kumasinthanso ku Toyota, yomwe ipanga magalimoto ake amagetsi ku Motomachi, Toyota City. Kwa zaka makumi ambiri, kampaniyo yakweza kugwiritsa ntchito bwino gulu lotsatila, koma kwakanthawi kochepa ilibe zolinga zopikisana nawo komanso VW pamagalimoto amagetsi oyera.

... Kapena mafakitale atsopano

Osati opanga onse amatenga njira yosinthayi. Mwachitsanzo, Volkswagen ikupereka ndalama zokwana mayuro biliyoni m'munda wake wa Zwickau, ndikupanga kungopanga magalimoto amagetsi. Kampaniyo ikukonzekera angapo, kuphatikiza mitundu yazinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zikukhudzidwa, zomwe zakhazikitsidwa ndi kapangidwe katsopano ka MEB (Modularer E-Antriebs-Baukasten). Malo opangira omwe VW ikukonzekera azitha kusamalira mabuku ambiri, ndipo mapulani akulu amakampani ndi omwe ali pachimake pachisankho ichi.

Kuyenda pang'onopang'ono kumbali iyi kuli ndi kufotokozera kwake komveka - opanga magalimoto okhazikika amatsatira njira zokhazikika, zokhazikika zamamangidwe agalimoto ndi njira zopangira. Kukula kuyenera kukhala kokhazikika, popanda kuwonongeka, monga Tesla. Kuonjezera apo, njira zapamwamba zimafuna njira zambiri ndipo izi zimatenga nthawi. Kuyenda kwamagetsi ndi mwayi kwa makampani aku China kuti akule m'misika yapadziko lonse lapansi, koma amayeneranso kuyamba kupanga magalimoto odalirika komanso otetezeka poyamba.

M'malo mwake, kumanga nsanja ndikukonzekera njira zopangira sizovuta kwa opanga ma automaker. Pachifukwa ichi, ali ndi chidziwitso chochuluka kuposa Tesla. Kupanga ndi kupanga nsanja yoyendetsedwa ndi magetsi sizovuta kwambiri kuposa magalimoto oyendetsedwa mwachizolowezi - mwachitsanzo, mawonekedwe otsika amtunduwu amakhala ndi zopindika zambiri komanso zolumikizira zomwe zimafunikira njira yopangira zovuta komanso zodula. Makampani ali ndi chidziwitso chochuluka pakusintha zinthu zoterezi ndipo izi sizidzakhala zovuta kwa iwo, makamaka popeza apeza zambiri ndi zomangamanga zambiri. Ndizowona kuti kusintha kwa njira kumatenga nthawi, koma mizere yopangira zamakono imakhala yosinthika kwambiri pankhaniyi. Vuto lalikulu la magalimoto amagetsi ndi njira yosungira mphamvu, ndiye kuti, batire.