Kodi magalimoto amagetsi ndi hybrid adzalowa m'malo mwa magalimoto wamba amafuta?
Mukukumbukira Melex wabwino yemwe ogwira ntchito oyang'anira adagwiritsa ntchito kukonza bomba lomwe likutuluka? Ndili mwana, nthawi zonse ndimadabwa chifukwa chake Fiat wamkulu wa abambo anga amasuta komanso amapanga phokoso, koma Melex wa plumber wanu amayendetsa mwakachetechete.
Ine ndi anzanga sitinamvetse chifukwa chomwe galimoto ya abambo anga sinayikidwe ndipo Melex sanapite kokwerera mafuta. Ndani akudziwa, mwina zaka 15-20, ana sadzakhalanso ndi vutoli. Adzakhala chete, akusewera ndi akasupe, m'malo motsanzira phokoso la injini.
Magalimoto awiri
Zaka makumi awiri zapitazo, ukadaulo wosakanizidwa unkawoneka ngati wosatheka. Kuyesera mwamantha kumanga magalimoto osakanikirana sikunabweretse zotsatira zomwe zinkayembekezeredwa. Kukwera mtengo kwamakina oyendetsa galimoto sikunapangitse kuyendetsa bwino, ndipo ma prototypes odzaza ndi zamagetsi nthawi zambiri amawonongeka.
Kupambana kunali Toyota Prius, galimoto yoyamba yosakanizidwa yopangidwa ndi anthu ambiri. The hatchback zisanu zitseko zochokera chitsanzo Echo (American Yaris) analandira 1,5-lita mafuta injini ndi 58 HP. Anthu aku Japan adachilumikiza kugawo lamagetsi la 40-horsepower. Ku Europe ndi North America, galimotoyo idagulitsidwa mu 2000, koma idasinthidwa kale. Mphamvu ya injini ya mafuta yawonjezeka kufika 72 hp, ndipo yamagetsi mpaka 44 hp. Galimoto yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mafuta okwana malita 5 pa zana lililonse mumzindawo inali chenjezo lalikulu kwa opikisana nawo omwe ma subcompacts awo amafunikira mafuta ochulukirapo kuwirikiza kawiri.
M'zaka khumi ndi ziwiri, kupanga magalimoto osakanizidwa sikunalowe m'malo mwa magalimoto oyaka oyaka mkati, koma kupita patsogolo kukuwonetsa kuti posachedwa izi zikuwoneka ngati zenizeni. Chitsanzo? Toyota Yaris yatsopano, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mafuta okwana malita 3,1 okha m'tawuni, ndipo chifukwa cha kuchulukana kwa magalimoto, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kumakhala kochepa. Kodi izi zingatheke bwanji? Dongosololi limagwiritsa ntchito mota yamagetsi yokha panthawi yoimika magalimoto kapena kupanikizana kwa magalimoto. Galimoto imatha kuyendetsa pa iyo mosalekeza kwa mtunda wa makilomita awiri. Panthawi imeneyi, sagwiritsa ntchito dontho la petulo. Pokhapokha mabatire akatulutsidwa m'pamene injini yoyatsira mkati imayamba.
Mabatire opanda kukonza amangolipitsidwa basi. Mphamvu zomwe amafunikira zimabwezeretsedwanso panthawi yoyenda, mwachitsanzo, poyendetsa. Injini yoyatsira mkati imayima ndipo mota yamagetsi imayamba kulipira.
Kodi kuyendetsa galimoto yoteroyo? Kwa wogwiritsa ntchito wamba, chokumana nachocho chingakhale chododometsa. Chifukwa chiyani? Choyamba, galimoto ilibe kiyi. Yambitsani injini ndi batani la buluu m'malo mwa chosinthira choyatsira. Komabe, mutatha kukanikiza, zizindikiro zokha zimayatsa, kotero dalaivala mwachibadwa amayambiranso poyamba. Popanda chosowa. Galimotoyo, ngakhale ilibe phokoso, yakonzeka kuyenda. Sichimapanga phokoso, chifukwa mukasindikiza batani, galimoto yamagetsi yokha imayamba. Kuti mugunde msewu, ingosunthani kufala kwa "D" ndikumasula chopondapo.
Zochita chimodzimodzi
Pambuyo pake, ntchito ya dalaivala ndikungoyang'anira chiwongolero, gasi ndi ma brake pedals. Kugwira ntchito kwa hybrid drive kumawonetsedwa pachiwonetsero chachikulu chamtundu pakatikati pakatikati. Mutha kuyang'ana injini yomwe ikuyenda pakali pano ndikusintha kayendedwe kanu kuti kakhale kowotcha mafuta momwe mungathere. Tilinso ndi chizindikiro cholipiritsa komanso chokwera kapena champhamvu choyendetsa pafupi ndi Speedometer pagawo la zida. Mutha kusinthira kumagalimoto amagetsi podina batani pafupi ndi chowongolera chamanja.
Kugwiritsa ntchito hybrid drive sikuchepetsa ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku zagalimoto. Injini yowonjezera imayikidwa pansi pa hood, ndipo mabatire amabisika pansi pa mpando wakumbuyo. Danga pakati ndi mu thunthu ndi chimodzimodzi ndi galimoto ndi tingachipeze powerenga injini mafuta.
Kuipa kwa hybrid Toyota ndi, choyamba, kupezeka kochepa kwa ntchitoyi. Osati makaniko onse adzakonza galimoto yosakanizidwa, kotero ngati itasokonekera, ulendo wopita kuntchito yovomerezeka nthawi zambiri umasiyidwa. Mitengo yamagalimoto otere nawonso akadali okwera. Mwachitsanzo, hybrid ya Toyota Yaris mu mtundu wotsika mtengo kwambiri imawononga PLN 65, pomwe mtundu woyambira wamtunduwu ndi injini yamafuta umawononga PLN 100.
Toyota Yaris yokhala ndi zida zomwezo ngati hybrid, yokhala ndi zodziwikiratu ndi injini yamafuta 1,3 yokhala ndi mphamvu yofananira ndi wosakanizidwa, imawononga PLN 56500, yomwe ndi PLN 8 600 yotsika mtengo.
Ndikoyenera kulipira zambiri pagalimoto yobiriwira? Malinga ndi wopanga magalimoto, ndithudi inde. Akatswiri a Toyota awerengera kuti pamtunda wa makilomita 100, ndi mtengo wamafuta a PLN 000, wosakanizidwa adzapulumutsa PLN 5,9. Popeza palibe jenereta, zoyambira ndi ma V-malamba mwina, ndipo ma brake pads amatha pang'onopang'ono, mutha kuponya zambiri mu banki ya nkhumba.
Eco-ochezeka koma ndi moto
Koma kusunga sizinthu zonse. Monga chitsanzo cha Honda chikuwonetsa, galimoto yosakanizidwa ikhoza kukhala yosangalatsa kuyendetsa ngati galimoto yamasewera. Chodetsa nkhaŵa china chachikulu cha ku Japan chimapereka chitsanzo cha mipando inayi ya CR-Z.
Galimotoyo ili ndi 3-mode drive system yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wosankha mitundu itatu yoyendetsa. Iliyonse imagwiritsa ntchito makonzedwe osiyanasiyana a throttle, chiwongolero, zoziziritsira mpweya, nthawi yotseka injini yoyaka, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi. Chifukwa chake, dalaivala amatha kusankha ngati akufuna kuyenda mwachuma kwambiri kapena kusangalala ndi masewera.
Peugeot 508 RXH - kuyesa Regiomoto.pl
Mafuta otsika kwambiri a malita 4,4 pa zana amapezeka mumayendedwe a ECON. Mchitidwe wa NORMAL ndikusagwirizana pakati pa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake ndi chuma. Pazochitika zonsezi, tachometer imawunikiridwa mu buluu, koma pamene dalaivala akuyendetsa ndalama, amasanduka wobiriwira. Choncho, timadziwa kuyendetsa galimoto kuti tigwiritse ntchito mafuta ochepa momwe tingathere. Mu SPORT mode, tachometer imawunikiridwa mumoto wofiira. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuyankha kwa throttle kumakhala kofulumira komanso koopsa, dongosolo la IMA hybrid limapereka mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu, ndipo chiwongolero chimagwira ntchito ndi kukana kwambiri.
Chosakanizidwa cha Honda CR-Z chimayendetsedwa ndi injini yamafuta ya 1,5-lita mothandizidwa ndi IMA yamagetsi yamagetsi. Mphamvu ndi torque yayikulu ya awiriwa ndi 124 hp. ndi 174nm. Makhalidwe apamwamba amapezeka kuyambira 1500 rpm, monga pamagalimoto apawiri amafuta a compressor kapena injini za turbodiesel. Ndi ntchito chimodzimodzi monga 1,8 petulo Honda Civic, koma wosakanizidwa zimatulutsa kwambiri zochepa CO2.. Komanso, injini ya Civic iyenera kutsitsimutsidwa kwambiri.
Citroen DS5 - wosakanizidwa watsopano kuchokera pamwamba pa alumali
Mu Honda CR-Z, kufala ntchito pang'ono mosiyana. Galimoto yamagetsi ingayerekezedwe ndi turbocharger yomwe imathandizira kugwira ntchito kwa gawo la petulo. Kuyendetsa kwamagetsi sikutheka pano. Kusiyana kwina ndi sporty Buku HIV (ambiri hybrids ntchito HIV basi).
Mafuta a socket
Akatswiri amsika wamagalimoto amaneneratu kuti m'zaka 20-30 magalimoto osakanizidwa amakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a msika wamagalimoto. Opanga adzagwiritsa ntchito mtundu uwu wagalimoto chifukwa chokulitsa milingo yotulutsa utsi. N'zotheka kuti magalimoto opangidwa ndi haidrojeni kapena magetsi adzakhalanso osewera kwambiri pamsika. Mafuta oyamba amtundu wa Honda FCX Clarity akugwiritsidwa ntchito kale ku US. Malonda a magalimoto amagetsi akukula mofulumira kwambiri.
Poland ikhoza kuyambitsa zothandizira magalimoto osakanizidwa
Galimoto yoyamba yopangidwa ndi anthu ambiri yokhala ndi galimoto yotereyi ndi Mitsubishi i-MiEV, yomwe inayambitsidwa chaka chatha ku Poland. Ndi mapangidwe, galimotoyo imachokera ku "i" chitsanzo - galimoto yaing'ono ya mumzinda. Galimoto yamagetsi, chosinthira, mabatire ndi zina zoyendetsa zachilengedwe zimayikidwa kumbuyo ndi pakati pa ma axles. Batire yanthawi imodzi imakulolani kuyendetsa pafupifupi 150 km. Batire ya lithiamu-ion ili pansi.
Mitsubishi i-MiEV akhoza kulipiritsa m'njira zingapo. Kunyumba, socket ya 100 kapena 200 V imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa izi. Nthawi yolipira kuchokera pa socket ya 200V ndi maola 6, ndipo kulipira mwachangu kumatenga theka la ola lokha.
Kuyendetsa kwatsopano ndi chinthu chokhacho chomwe chimasiyanitsa Mitsubishi yamagetsi ndi magalimoto apamwamba. Monga iwo, iMiEV imatha kutenga akuluakulu anayi kukwera. Ili ndi zitseko zinayi zotsegula, ndipo chipinda chonyamula katundu chimakhala ndi malita 227 a katundu. Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2013, dziko la Poland lidzakhala ndi makina okwana 300 omwe ali m'magulu akuluakulu 14 a ku Poland.
Governorate Bartosz
chithunzi ndi Bartosz Guberna
