Mawiri awiri (awiri-misa) flywheel - mfundo, kapangidwe, mndandanda

Pama slang akuti kuwuluka kwamitundu iwiri kapena iwiri, pali chida chomwe chimatchedwa flywheel wapawiri-misa. Chipangizochi chimalola kupititsa kwa torque kuchokera ku injini kupita pagalimoto ndikupitilira mawilo amgalimoto. Mbalameyi imakopa chidwi cha anthu chifukwa chokhala ndi moyo nthawi zambiri. Kusinthanitsa sikumangokhala kotopetsa, komanso kumafunikira ndalama, chifukwa chikwama chimakhala ndi mazana angapo mpaka masauzande chikwi. Mwa oyendetsa galimoto, nthawi zambiri mumamva funso loti magalimoto amatailo awiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji, pomwe kale panali zovuta zamagalimoto.

Zolingalira pang'ono ndi mbiriyakale

Injini yoyatsira mkati yobwereranso ndi makina ovuta kwambiri, omwe ntchito yake imasokonekera mu gawo. Pachifukwa ichi, flywheel imalumikizidwa ndi crankshaft, yomwe ntchito yake ndikudziunjikira mphamvu zokwanira za kinetic kuti zigonjetse kukana kwapang'onopang'ono panthawi yoponderezedwa (osagwira ntchito). Izi zimakwaniritsa, mwa zina, kufanana kofunikira kwa injini. Injini imayenda bwino kwambiri ngati injiniyo imakhala ndi masilinda ambiri kapena mawilo akulu akulu (olemera). Komabe, ntchentche yolemera kwambiri imachepetsa kupulumuka kwa injini ndikuchepetsa kukonzeka kwake kuti izungulira mwachangu. Chodabwitsa ichi chikhoza kuwonedwa, mwachitsanzo, ndi injini ya 1,4 TDi kapena 1,2 HTP. Ndi mawilo owuluka amphamvu kwambiri, ma injini a silinda atatuwa amayenda pang'onopang'ono komanso pang'onopang'ono. Kuipa kwa khalidweli, mwachitsanzo, kusintha kwa gear pang'onopang'ono. Kukula kwa flywheel kumakhudzidwanso ndi mapangidwe a masilindala (mumzere, mphanda kapena boxer). Injini yotsutsa-wodzigudubuza yotsutsa-yodzigudubuza ndiyodalirika kwambiri kuposa, mwachitsanzo, injini yapaintaneti ya ma silinda anayi. Chifukwa chake, ilinso ndi gudumu laling'ono laling'ono kuposa injini yofananira ndi ma silinda anayi. Kukula kwa flywheel kumakhudzanso mfundo ya kuyaka, mwachitsanzo, injini za dizilo zamakono nthawi zonse zimafunikira flywheel. Poyerekeza ndi ma injini a petulo, ma injini a dizilo amakhala ndi chiŵerengero chapamwamba kwambiri cha kuponderezana, pamwamba pake amawononga ntchito yochulukirapo - mphamvu ya kinetic ya gudumu lozungulira.

Mphamvu zakuthupi za Ek zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi flywheel yozungulira zimawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotsatirazi:

Ec = 1/2·J ω2

(kuti J ndi mphindi ya inertia ya thupi pafupi ndi mzere wozungulira, ω ndi liwiro la angular la kuzungulira kwa thupi).

Mizere yosanjikiza imathandizanso kuthana ndi magwiridwe antchito, koma imafuna ntchito inayake kuti iwongolere. Kuphatikiza pakuphatikizika, kubwereza kwakanthawi kwamadongosolo anayi kumathandizanso kugwedezeka kwamphamvu, komwe kumakhudza kuyendetsa komanso kufalikira. Unertial unyinji wabwinobwino wa injini yoyaka yamkati imakhala ndi matenthedwe azigawo zazomwe zimayendetsa bwino (shafts shafts), flywheel ndi clutch. Komabe, sikokwanira kuthetsa kugwedezeka kosafunikira ngati kuli ma injini a dizilo amphamvu kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kufalitsa ndi makina oyendetsa amayenera kutetezedwa ku zotsatirazi, chifukwa kumveka kwambiri kumatha kuchitika pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kupsinjika kwakukulu pa crankshaft ndi kufalitsa, kugwedeza thupi kosasangalatsa, komanso phokoso la mkati mwagalimoto. Izi zitha kuwonetsedwa pachithunzipa chili pansipa, chomwe chikuwonetsa matalikidwe azinjini za injini ndikutumiza ndi mawilo amtundu wamba komanso apawiri. Vibrations ya crankshaft potuluka mu injini ndi ma oscillation pakhomo la kufalikira amakhala ndimatalikidwe ofanana komanso pafupipafupi. Pafupipafupi, kusinthasintha uku kumachulukana, komwe kumabweretsa zoopsa ndi mawonetseredwe.

Ndizodziwika bwino kuti injini za dizilo ndi zamphamvu kwambiri kuposa injini zamafuta, kotero kuti zigawo zawo ndi zolemera (makina opangira, ndodo zolumikizira, etc.). Kukula ndi kugwirizanitsa injini yotereyi ndi vuto lovuta kwambiri, lomwe liri ndi mndandanda wazinthu zofunikira komanso zotumphukira. Mwachidule, injini yoyaka mkati imapangidwa ndi zigawo zingapo, iliyonse ili ndi kulemera kwake ndi kuuma kwake, zomwe pamodzi zimapanga dongosolo la akasupe a torsion. Dongosolo lotere la matupi akuthupi, lolumikizidwa ndi akasupe, limakonda kusuntha mosiyanasiyana pakugwira ntchito (pansi pa katundu). Gulu loyamba lofunikira la ma oscillation ma frequency ali mumitundu ya 2-10 Hz. Kuchuluka kumeneku kumatha kuonedwa ngati kwachilengedwe ndipo sikudziwika ndi munthu. Gulu lachiwiri la ma frequency ali mumtundu wa 40-80 Hz, ndipo timawona kugwedezeka uku ngati kugwedezeka, ndi phokoso ngati mkokomo. Ntchito ya okonza ndi kuthetsa kumveka uku (40-80 Hz), zomwe zimatanthauza kusamukira kumalo kumene munthu sakhala wosasangalatsa (pafupifupi 10-15 Hz).

Galimotoyo ili ndi njira zingapo zomwe zimachotsa kugwedezeka kosasangalatsa ndi phokoso (zotchinga chete, zopukutira, zotsekereza phokoso), ndipo pachimake ndi chowotcha chodziwika bwino cha disc friction clutch. Kuphatikiza pa kutumiza torque, ntchito yake ndikuchepetsanso kugwedezeka kwa ma torsional. Lili ndi akasupe omwe, pakakhala kugwedezeka kosafunika, amapondereza ndi kuyamwa mphamvu zake zambiri. Pankhani ya injini zambiri za petulo, mphamvu yoyamwitsa ya clutch imodzi ndiyokwanira. Lamulo lofananalo limagwiritsidwa ntchito pamainjini a dizilo mpaka pakati pa zaka za m'ma 90, pomwe 1,9 TDi yodziwika bwino yokhala ndi pampu yozungulira ya Bosch VP inali yokwanira ndi clutch wamba komanso chowulungika chamtundu umodzi.

Komabe, popita nthawi, injini za dizilo zinayamba kupereka mphamvu zochulukirapo chifukwa chocheperako (kuchuluka kwa ma cylinders), chikhalidwe cha momwe amagwirira ntchito chinawonekera, ndipo chomaliza, kukakamizidwa kwa "saw flywheel "idakonzedwanso mozama kwambiri pankhani zachilengedwe. Mwambiri, kuchepetsedwa kwa kugwedezeka kwamphamvu sikungathenso kuperekedwa ndi ukadaulo wakale, chifukwa chake kufunika kwa flywheel yamagulu awiri kunakhala chofunikira. Kampani yoyamba kukhazikitsa ZMS (Zweimassenschwungrad) yapawiri-mbalameyi inali LuK. Kupanga kwake kambiri kunayamba mu 1985, ndipo BMW yaku Germany inali yoyamba kupanga zida yosonyeza chidwi ndi chipangizocho. Flywheel yapawiri-kawiri yakhala ikusintha zingapo kuyambira pamenepo, ndipo sitima yapamadzi yamagetsi ya ZF-Sachs yomwe pano ikuwerengedwa kuti ndiyotsogola kwambiri.

Dual mass flywheel - kapangidwe ndi ntchito

Ntchentche yamtundu wapawiri imagwira ntchito ngati ntchentche wamba, yomwe imagwiranso ntchito yochepetsera kugwedezeka kwa torsional ndipo motero imathetsa kugwedezeka kosafunikira ndi phokoso. Ntchentche zapawiri-zambiri zimasiyana ndi zachikale chifukwa gawo lake lalikulu - flywheel - limalumikizidwa mosavuta ndi crankshaft. Chifukwa chake, mu gawo lofunikira (mpaka pachimake cha kupsinjika) zimalola kutsika kwa crankshaft, ndiyeno (panthawi yokulitsa) kuthamangitsa kwina. Komabe, liwiro la flywheel palokha amakhalabe nthawi zonse, kotero liwiro pa linanena bungwe gearbox amakhalabe nthawi zonse ndipo popanda kugwedera. Wapawiri misa flywheel amasamutsa mphamvu zake za kinetic molunjika ku crankshaft, mphamvu zomwe zimagwira pa injiniyo zimakhala zosalala, ndipo nsonga za mphamvuzi ndizotsika kwambiri, motero injiniyo imagwedezeka ndikugwedeza injini yonseyo. thupi. Kugawanika kukhala inertia yoyamba kumbali ya galimoto ndi inertia yachiwiri kumbali ya gearbox kumawonjezera nthawi ya inertia ya magawo ozungulira a gearbox. Izi zimachititsa kuti ma resonant azitha kuyenda pang'onopang'ono (rpm) kusiyana ndi liwiro lachabechabe ndipo amachoka pa liwiro la injini. Mwanjira iyi, kugwedezeka kwamphamvu komwe kumapangidwa ndi injini kumasiyanitsidwa ndi kufalikira, ndipo phokoso lopatsirana ndi kubangula kwa thupi sizichitikanso. Chifukwa chakuti zigawo zoyambirira ndi zachiwiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi torsional vibration damper, ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito clutch disc popanda kuyimitsidwa kwa torsional.

Dual-mass flywheel imagwiranso ntchito yotchedwa shock absorber. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zimathandiza kuchepetsa kugunda kwa ma clutch panthawi yosintha magiya (pamene liwiro la injini liyenera kukhala logwirizana ndi liwiro la gudumu) komanso kumathandizira kuyambitsa bwino. Komabe, zinthu zolimba (akasupe) zomwe zili pawiri-zambiri zowuluka nthawi zonse zimatopa ndikupangitsa kuti gudumu la ndege liziyenda mokulirapo komanso losavuta poyerekeza ndi crankshaft. Vuto limabwera pamene atopa kale - amatulutsidwa kwathunthu. Kuphatikiza pa kutambasula akasupe, kuvala kwa flywheel kumatanthauzanso kutulutsa mabowo pazitsulo zokhoma. Choncho, flywheel sikuti dapens oscillations (oscillations), koma, m'malo mwake, amalenga iwo. Kuyima pamalire owopsa a kuzungulira kwa flywheel kumayamba kuwoneka, nthawi zambiri ngati tokhala posuntha magiya, kuyambira, nthawi zonse pomwe clutch ikugwira ntchito kapena kutsekedwa, kapena kusintha liwiro. Zovala zidzawonekeranso ngati zoyambira movutikira, kugwedezeka kwakukulu ndi phokoso lozungulira 2000 rpm, kapena kugwedezeka kopitilira muyeso popanda ntchito. Nthawi zambiri, ma gudumu amtundu wapawiri amakumana ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu m'mainjini ocheperako (monga masilinda atatu/anayi) pomwe kusagwirizana kuli kwakukulu kuposa injini zisanu ndi imodzi.

Kapangidwe kake, cholumikizira chophatikizira chophatikizira chimakhala ndi flywheel yoyamba, flywheel yachiwiri, chodetsa mkati komanso chosakira chakunja.

Momwe Mungakhudzire / Kutalikitsa Moyo Womodzi Wapakati Flywheel?

Moyo wa Flywheel umakhudzidwa ndi kapangidwe kake komanso mawonekedwe a injini momwe adayikiramo. Fluwheel yomweyi yochokera kwa wopanga yemweyo imayendetsa 300 km pamakina ena, ndipo kwa ena imangotenga gawo limodzi lokha. Cholinga choyambirira chinali kupanga ma flywheels awiri omwe adzapulumuke mpaka zaka zomwezo ngati galimoto yonse. Tsoka ilo, zowonadi, nthawi zonse pamafunika kuti ndege yolowera pamahatchi isinthidwe kale, nthawi zambiri chimbale chisanachitike. Kuphatikiza pa kapangidwe ka injini ndi mawilo awiri apawokha, kondakitala amakhudza kwambiri moyo wake wantchito. Zochitika zonse zomwe zimabweretsa kufalikira kwa nkhonya mbali imodzi zimachepetsa moyo wake wantchito.

Pofuna kutalikitsa moyo wa wapawiri Misa Flywheel, si bwino kuyendetsa injini understeer (makamaka m'munsimu 1500 rpm), kukhumudwitsa zowalamulira (makamaka popanda kusuntha pamene kusintha magiya), osati downshift injini (i.e. ananyema). injini). pa liwiro loyenera). Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti pa liwiro la 80 Km / h inu musayatse zida yachiwiri, koma lachitatu kapena lachinayi ndi kusintha pang'onopang'ono giya m'munsi). Opanga ena amavomereza (pankhaniyi VW) kuti ngati galimotoyo yayimitsidwa ndi galimoto yoyima pa banki yofatsa, choyamba pakhale brake yamanja ndiyeno giya (yobwerera kapena giya XNUMX) iyenera kulumikizidwa. Kupanda kutero, galimotoyo idzasuntha pang'ono ndipo flywheel yawiri-misala idzalowa mu zomwe zimatchedwa chinkhoswe chokhazikika, zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonezeka (kutambasula kwa akasupe). Choncho, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti musagwiritse ntchito liwiro la phiri, ndipo ngati ndi choncho, pokhapokha mutayendetsa galimoto ndi brake yamanja, kuti musapangitse kuyenda pang'ono ndi katundu wotsatira wautali - kutseka njira yotumizira, i.e. flywheel . Kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa clutch disc kumagwirizananso mwachindunji ndi kuchepetsa moyo wa flywheel wapawiri-misa. Clutch imatentha kwambiri, makamaka pokoka ngolo yolemera kapena galimoto ina, kuyendetsa galimoto, ndi zina zotero. Clutch idzatsegula yokha ngakhale injini itasweka. Dziwani kuti kutentha kowala kuchokera pa clutch disc kumabweretsa kutenthedwa kwa magawo osiyanasiyana a flywheel (makamaka ngati kutayikira kwamafuta), komwe kumakhudzanso moyo wautumiki.

Kukonza - m'malo mwa dual-mass flywheel ndikusintha ndi flywheel wamba

Palibe chinthu chonga kukonza gudumu lomwe latha kwambiri. Kukonza kumaphatikizapo kusintha ntchentche pamodzi ndi gulu la clutch (lamellae, compression spring, bearings). kukonza lonse ndi yotopetsa (pafupifupi maola 8-10), pamene m'pofunika dismantle gearbox, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale injini. Inde, sitiyenera kuiwala za ndalama, kumene ndege zotsika mtengo zimagulitsidwa pafupifupi ma euro 400, okwera mtengo kwambiri - oposa 2000 euro. Bwanji musinthe clutch disc yomwe idakali bwino? Koma kungoti potumikira clutch disc, ndi nthawi yokhayo kuti ichoke, ndipo njira yowononga nthawi iyi, yomwe imakhala yokwera mtengo kangapo kuposa clutch disc, iyenera kubwerezedwa. Mukasintha ntchentche, ndibwino kuwona ngati pali mtundu wotsogola kwambiri womwe ungathe kunyamula mailosi ochulukirapo - mothandizidwa ndikuvomerezedwa ndi wopanga magalimoto, inde.

Nthawi zambiri mumatha kudziwa zambiri za kusintha kwa flywheel yayikulu ndi yayikulu, momwe ma lamellas okhala ndi tampion damper amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Monga tanenera kale m'mbuyomu, mawilo awiri, kuwonjezera pa ntchito zake zosavuta, amagwiranso ntchito yolumikizira torsional, yomwe imakhudza momwe magawo oyendera injini (crankshaft) kapena gearbox amagwirira ntchito. Kumlingo wina, kutetemera kwa kugwedera kumathanso kuthetsedwa ndi mbale yomwe imatuluka, koma siyingagwire ntchito mofananamo ndi flywheel yamphamvu kwambiri komanso yovuta kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, zikadakhala zosavuta, zikadakhala zikuchitidwa ndi opanga magalimoto ndi omwe amakhala ndi ndalama, omwe amangogwira ntchito kuti achepetse ndalama. Chifukwa chake, sikulimbikitsidwa kuti m'malo mwa ma flywheel apawiri akhale ndi felewheel imodzi.

Osanyalanyaza m'malo mwa tsamba lowuluka

Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse kusintha kwa flywheel yowonongeka kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pa mawonetseredwe omwe ali pamwambapa, pali chiopsezo chomasula (kupatukana) kwa gawo lililonse la flywheel. Kuphatikiza pa kuwononga flywheel palokha, injini kapena kufalikira kumathanso kuwonongeka. Kuvala kozizira kwambiri kumakhudzanso magwiridwe antchito a injini yothamanga kwambiri. Zinthu zakumapeto zikayamba kutha pang'onopang'ono, mbali ziwiri zamagudumu zimachoka mowirikiza mpaka zikagwera kunja kwa kulolerana komwe kumayang'aniridwa. Nthawi zina izi zimabweretsa uthenga wolakwika, ndipo nthawi zina, m'malo mwake, oyang'anira amayesa kusintha ndikuwongolera injini potengera zolakwika. Izi zimabweretsa kusachita bwino ndipo, poyipa kwambiri, mavuto oyambitsa. Vutoli ndilofala makamaka ndi injini zakale pomwe chojambulira cha crankshaft chimazindikira kuyenda mbali yotulutsira ya flywheel yapawiri-misa. Opanga achotsa vutoli posintha makina oyikira, chifukwa chake mu injini zatsopano zimazindikira liwiro la crankshaft panjira yolowera ndege.