PSA injini - Ford 1,6 HDi / TDCi 8V (DV6)

Mu theka lachiwiri la 2010, PSA / Ford Gulu idakhazikitsa injini ya 1,6 HDi / TDCi yomwe idakonzedwanso pamsika. Poyerekeza ndi omwe adalipo kale, ili ndi magawo 50% obwezerezedwanso. Kutsata miyezo yotulutsa ya Euro 5 ya injiniyi sikungopepuka.

Itangoyamba kumene pamsika, gawo loyambalo lidakhala lotchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha magwiridwe antchito. Izi zidapatsa galimoto mphamvu zokwanira, mphamvu zochepa za turbo, mafuta abwino, magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, ndikofunikira, chifukwa cha kulemera kwake, komanso mphamvu zochepa za injini pazoyendetsa zamagalimoto. Kugwiritsa ntchito injini iyi m'galimoto zosiyanasiyana kumatsimikiziranso kutchuka kwake. Amapezeka, mwachitsanzo, ku Ford Focus, Fiesta, C-Max, Peugeot 207, 307, 308, 407, Citroën C3, C4, C5, Mazda 3 komanso premium Volvo S40 / V50. Ngakhale maubwino omwe atchulidwa, injini ili ndi "ntchentche" zake, zomwe zimachotsedwa ndi mbadwo wamakono.

Mapangidwe a injini oyambira asintha ziwiri zazikulu. Yoyamba ndikusintha kuchoka ku DOHC ya 16-valve kupita ku 8-valve OHC "yokha" yogawa. Pokhala ndi mabowo ochepa a valve, mutu uwu umakhalanso ndi mphamvu zapamwamba ndi kulemera kochepa. Njira yamadzi kumtunda kwa chipikacho imalumikizidwa ndi mutu woziziritsa ndi kusintha kwazing'ono kwa asymmetrically. Kuphatikiza pa kutsika kwamitengo yopangira komanso mphamvu zazikulu, kapangidwe kameneka kamakhala koyeneranso kugwedezeka ndi kuyaka kotsatira kwa chisakanizo choyaka moto. Zomwe zimatchedwa symmetrical filling of the cylinders zachepetsa kugwedezeka kosafunikira kwa chisakanizo choyaka ndi 10 peresenti, motero kukhudzana kochepa ndi makoma a chipindacho ndipo motero pafupifupi 10% kutaya kutentha pang'ono pamakoma a silinda. Kuchepetsa kwa swirl kumeneku kumakhala kodabwitsa, chifukwa mpaka posachedwapa kugwedezeka kunayambika mwadala chifukwa chotseka imodzi mwa njira zoyamwa, zomwe zimatchedwa swirl flaps, chifukwa cha kusakaniza bwino ndi kuyaka kotsatira kwa moto wosakaniza. Komabe, masiku ano zinthu ndi zosiyana, popeza majekeseniwa amapereka mafuta a dizilo pamtengo wapamwamba kwambiri wokhala ndi mabowo ambiri, choncho palibe chifukwa chothandizira kuti atomize mwamsanga pozungulira mpweya. Monga tanenera kale, kuwonjezereka kwa mpweya kumaphatikizapo, kuwonjezera pa kuziziritsa mpweya woponderezedwa pamakoma a silinda, komanso kutayika kwakukulu kwa kupopera (chifukwa cha gawo laling'ono la mtanda) ndi kuyaka pang'onopang'ono kwa kusakaniza koyaka.

Kusintha kwachiwiri kwakukulu ndikusintha kwa cholembera chamkati chachitsulo, chomwe chimayikidwa mu zotengera za aluminium. Pomwe pansi pake padakali cholimba mu zotayidwa, pamwamba ndikutseguka. Mwanjira iyi, masilindala amodzimodzi amaphatikizana ndikupanga zomwe zimatchedwa zolowetsa (zotseguka zotseguka). Chifukwa chake, kuzizilitsa kwa gawo ili kumalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi njira yozizira pamutu wamphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuziziritsa kokwanira kwa malo oyaka. Injini yoyambayo idayika zida zachitsulo zoponyedwa kwathunthu muzitsulo (zotsekedwa).

Zigawo zina za injini zasinthidwanso. Mutu watsopano, zochulukira zolowetsa, mbali yojambulira yosiyana ndi mawonekedwe a pistoni zidapangitsa kutuluka kosiyanasiyana koyatsa kotero kuti kuyaka. Majekeseniwo adasinthidwanso, omwe adalandira dzenje limodzi (tsopano 7), komanso chiwerengero cha kuponderezedwa, chomwe chinachepetsedwa kuchokera ku 18: 1 mpaka 16,0: 1. Pochepetsa chiwerengero cha kuponderezedwa, wopanga adapeza kutentha kwapansi, kumene, chifukwa chifukwa utsi wozungulira recirculation mpweya, zomwe zimabweretsa kuchepetsa utsi wa nkomwe decomposable nitrogen oxides. Ulamuliro wa EGR wasinthidwanso kuti uchepetse mpweya ndipo tsopano ndiwolondola. Valve ya EGR imalumikizidwa ndi choziziritsira madzi. Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wopangidwanso ndi kuzizira kwawo kumayendetsedwa ndi maginito. Kutsegula kwake ndi liwiro zimayendetsedwa ndi unit control unit. Makina a crank adachepetsanso kulemera ndi kukangana: ndodo zolumikizira zimadulidwa mzigawo ndikugawanika. Pistoni ili ndi jeti yosavuta yapansi yamafuta yopanda njira yozungulira. Kubowola kwakukulu pansi pa pisitoni, komanso kutalika kwa chipinda choyaka moto, kumathandizira kuti pakhale chiŵerengero chochepa cha kuponderezana. Pachifukwa ichi, zotsalira za valve sizikuphatikizidwa. The crankcase ventilation ikuchitika kumtunda kwa chotchinga-chophimba cha nthawi yoyendetsa. Chida cha aluminiyamu cha masilinda chimagawika motsatira mbali ya crankshaft. Chimango chapansi cha crankcase chimapangidwanso ndi aloyi wopepuka. Chiwaya chophikira mafuta amathiridwapo. Pampu yamadzi yochotsamo imathandizanso kuchepetsa kukana kwamakina komanso kutentha kwa injini pambuyo poyambira. Choncho, pampu imagwira ntchito m'njira ziwiri, yolumikizidwa kapena yosagwirizana, pamene imayendetsedwa ndi pulley yosunthika, yomwe imayendetsedwa motsatira malangizo a unit control unit. Ngati ndi kotheka, pulley iyi imakulitsidwa kuti ipangitse kufalikira kwa mikangano ndi lamba. Zosintha izi zidakhudza mitundu yonse iwiri (68 ndi 82 kW), zomwe zimasiyana ndi VGT turbocharger (82 kW) - ntchito yowonjezereka komanso jekeseni wosiyana. Kuti asangalale, Ford sanagwiritse ntchito guluu pampopi yamadzi yochotseka ndikusiya mpope wamadzi wolumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi lamba wa V. Ziyeneranso kuwonjezeredwa kuti pampu yamadzi imakhala ndi pulasitiki.

Mtundu wocheperako umagwiritsa ntchito makina a Bosch okhala ndi majekeseni a solenoid komanso kuthamanga kwa jekeseni wa 1600 bar. Mtundu wamphamvu kwambiri ukuphatikiza Continental yokhala ndi ma jakisoni a piezoelectric omwe amagwira ntchito pa 1700 bar jekeseni. Majekeseniwa amachita mpaka oyendetsa awiri ndi jekeseni imodzi yaikulu pamene akuyendetsa galimoto iliyonse, ena awiri panthawi yokonzanso FAP fyuluta. Pankhani ya zida za jekeseni, ndizosangalatsanso kuteteza chilengedwe. Kuphatikiza pa kutsika kwa zowononga zowononga mpweya wotulutsa mpweya, muyezo wa Euro 5 wotulutsa umafuna kuti wopanga azitsimikizira kuchuluka kwa mpweya wofunikira mpaka ma kilomita 160. Ndi injini yofooka, lingaliro ili limakwaniritsidwa ngakhale popanda magetsi owonjezera, chifukwa kumwa ndi kuvala kwa jekeseni kumakhala kochepa chifukwa cha mphamvu yotsika komanso kutsika kwa jekeseni. Pankhani ya kusinthika kwamphamvu kwambiri, dongosolo la Continental liyenera kukhala ndi zida zomwe zimatchedwa auto-adaptive electronics, zomwe zimazindikira zopatuka pazigawo zoyatsira zomwe zimafunikira poyendetsa ndikusintha. Dongosolo ndi calibrated pansi mabuleki injini, pamene pali pafupifupi imperceptible kuwonjezeka liwiro. Zamagetsi ndiye zimazindikira momwe liwirolo lidakulira komanso kuchuluka kwamafuta komwe kumafunikira. Kuti muzitha kuyendetsa bwino galimoto, m'pofunika kunyamula galimoto nthawi ndi nthawi, mwachitsanzo, potsetsereka, kuti pakhale injini yotalikirapo. Kupanda kutero, ngati izi sizichitika mkati mwa nthawi yotchulidwa ndi wopanga, zamagetsi zimatha kuwonetsa uthenga wolakwika ndipo kuyendera malo ogwirira ntchito kudzafunika.

Masiku ano, chilengedwe cha kayendetsedwe ka galimoto ndichofunika kwambiri, choncho ngakhale pamtundu wa 1,6 HDi wokwezedwa, wopanga sanasiye chilichonse mwangozi. Zaka zoposa 12 zapitazo, gulu la PSA lidayambitsa zosefera zamtundu wake wa Peugeot 607, wokhala ndi zowonjezera zapadera kuti zithandizire kuthetsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Gululo ndilokhalo lomwe lasunga dongosololi mpaka lero, mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera mafuta ku thanki isanayambe kuyaka kwenikweni. Pang'onopang'ono zowonjezera zidapangidwa kutengera rhodium ndi cerium, masiku ano zotsatira zofananira zimapezedwa ndi chitsulo chotsika mtengo. Mtundu uwu wa kuyeretsa gasi wa flue unagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwa nthawi ndithu ndi mlongo Ford, koma ndi injini za Euro 1,6 zogwirizana ndi 2,0 ndi 4. Yoyamba ndi njira yosavuta, i.e. pamene injini ikugwira ntchito ndi katundu wapamwamba (mwachitsanzo, poyendetsa mofulumira pamsewu waukulu). Ndiye palibe chifukwa chonyamulira dizilo yosatenthedwa yobayidwa mu silinda kupita ku sefa komwe ingakongoletse ndi kusungunula mafuta. Mpweya wakuda wa carbon wopangidwa panthawi ya kuyaka kwa chowonjezera cholemera cha naphtha amatha kuyatsa ngakhale pa 450 ° C. Pazifukwa izi, ndikwanira kuchedwetsa gawo lomaliza la jekeseni, mafuta (ngakhale ndi mwaye) amawotcha mwachindunji mu silinda ndi sizikuyika pachiwopsezo kudzazidwa kwamafuta chifukwa cha dilution-condensation yamafuta a dizilo mu fyuluta ya DPF (FAP). Njira yachiwiri ndiyomwe imatchedwa kubwezeretsedwa kothandizidwa, komwe, kumapeto kwa chiwombankhanga, mafuta a dizilo amalowetsedwa mu mpweya wa flue kupyolera mu chitoliro chotha. Mipweya ya flue imanyamula mafuta a dizilo ophwanyika kupita ku chothandizira okosijeni. Dizilo imayaka mmenemo ndipo mwaye woikidwa mu fyulutayo umayaka. Inde, chirichonse chimayang'aniridwa ndi magetsi olamulira, omwe amawerengera kuchuluka kwa fyuluta kutsekeka malinga ndi katundu pa injini. ECU imayang'anira zolowetsa jekeseni ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso kuchokera ku sensa ya okosijeni ndi kutentha / kusiyana kwa mphamvu yamagetsi monga ndemanga. Kutengera ndi deta, ECU imatsimikizira mkhalidwe weniweni wa fyuluta ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, imafotokoza kufunika koyendera utumiki.

Mosiyana ndi PSA, Ford ikutenga njira ina yosavuta. Sigwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera zamafuta kuchotsa zinthu. Kusintha kumachitika monganso magalimoto ena onse. Izi zikutanthauza, choyamba, kukonzeratu fyuluta mpaka 450 ° C powonjezera kuchuluka kwa injini ndikusintha nthawi ya jekeseni womaliza. Pambuyo pake, naphtha yodyetsa chothandizira cha okosijeni m'malo osayaka ayatsidwa.

Panalinso kusintha kwina kwa injini. Mwachitsanzo. Fyuluta yamafuta yasinthidwa kwathunthu ndi nyumba yachitsulo yomangidwa pamwamba pomwe pampu yamanja, mpweya ndi sensa yamadzi ochulukirapo ilipo. Mtundu woyambira wa 68 kW ulibe mawilo owuluka awiri, koma flywheel yokhazikika yokhala ndi chimbale chodzaza masika. Sensa yothamanga (Hall sensor) ili pa pulley ya nthawi. Giya ili ndi mano a 22 + 2 ndipo sensa imakhala ndi bipolar kuti izindikire kusinthasintha kwa shaft pambuyo pozimitsa injini ndikubweretsa imodzi mwa pistoni mu gawo loponderezedwa. Ntchitoyi ikufunika kuti muyambitsenso dongosolo loyimitsa. Pampu ya jakisoni imayendetsedwa ndi lamba wanthawi. Pankhani ya 68 kW version, mtundu wa Bosch CP 4.1 single-piston umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi pampu yophatikizira yodyetsa. Kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa jakisoni kwachepetsedwa kuchoka pa 1700 bar mpaka 1600 bar. Camshaft imayikidwa mu chivundikiro cha valve. Pampu ya vacuum imayendetsedwa ndi camshaft, yomwe imapanga chopukutira cha brake booster, komanso kuwongolera turbocharger ndi njira yodutsa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya. Tanki yamafuta opanikizidwa imakhala ndi sensor yokakamiza kumapeto kumanja. Pa chizindikiro chake, gawo lolamulira limayang'anira kupanikizika mwa kusintha mpope ndikusefukira ma nozzles. Ubwino wa yankho ili ndi kusowa kwa chowongolera chowongolera chosiyana. Kusinthako ndikonso kusakhalapo kwa njira zambiri zodyera, pamene mzere wa pulasitiki umatsegula mwachindunji mu throttle ndipo umayikidwa mwachindunji pa cholowera kumutu. Nyumba ya pulasitiki kumanzere ili ndi valavu yoziziritsira yoyendetsedwa ndi magetsi. Pakachitika vuto, zimasinthidwa kwathunthu. Kukula kwakung'ono kwa turbocharger kwasintha nthawi yake yoyankhira ndikupeza liwiro lalikulu pomwe ma bere ake ndi madzi atakhazikika. Mu mtundu wa 68 kW, malamulo amaperekedwa ndi njira yosavuta yodutsa, pamtundu wamphamvu kwambiri, malamulo amaperekedwa ndi geometry yosinthika ya masamba a stator. Fyuluta yamafuta imapangidwira mu chowotcha chamadzi, choyikapo chokhacho chasinthidwa. Mutu wa gasket uli ndi zigawo zingapo za kompositi ndi pepala zitsulo. Ma notche omwe ali m'mphepete mwapamwamba amawonetsa mtundu ndi makulidwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Vavu yagulugufe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyamwa mbali ya mpweya wa flue kuchokera kudera la EGR pa liwiro lotsika kwambiri. Imagwiritsanso ntchito DPF panthawi yokonzanso ndikutseka mpweya kuti muchepetse kugwedezeka injini ikazimitsidwa.

Pomaliza, magawo aukadaulo a injini zofotokozedwazo.

Mtundu wamphamvu kwambiri wa injini yamagetsi ya 1560 cc ya ma cylinder anayi umapereka makokedwe apamwamba a 270 Nm (kale 250 Nm) pa 1750 rpm. Ngakhale pa 1500 rpm, imafikira 242 Nm. Mphamvu yayikulu ya 82 kW (80 kW) imafika pa 3600 rpm. Mtundu wofookawo umakhala ndi makokedwe apamwamba a 230 Nm (215 Nm) pa 1750 rpm ndi mphamvu yayikulu ya 68 kW (66 kW) pa 4000 rpm.

Ford ndi Volvo akuti akuwonetsa mphamvu 70 ndi 85 kW zamagalimoto awo. Ngakhale pali magwiridwe antchito pang'ono, injini ndizofanana, kusiyana kokha ndiko kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa DPF yopanda zowonjezera pankhani ya Ford ndi Volvo.

* Monga momwe tawonetsera, injini ndiyodalirika kwambiri kuposa yomwe idapangidwiratu. Ma nozzles amalumikizidwa bwino ndipo kulibe kuyeretsa, turbocharger imakhalanso ndi moyo wautali komanso kupatula carob. Komabe, poto wamafuta wopangidwa mosasunthika amakhalabe, womwe pansi pazinthu zabwinobwino (m'malo mwake) salola kusintha kwamafuta apamwamba. Mpweya wa kaboni ndi zonyansa zina zomwe zimayikidwa pansi pa katiriji zimawononga mafuta atsopanowo, omwe amakhudza moyo wa injini ndi zida zake. Injini imafunikira kukonza pafupipafupi komanso kokwera mtengo kuwonjezera moyo wake. Mukamagula galimoto yomwe idagwirapo ntchito, ndibwino kuti muzilekanitsa ndi kuyeretsa poto wamafuta. Pambuyo pake, pakusintha mafuta, tikulimbikitsidwa kuthira injini ndi mafuta atsopano, motsatana. ndikuchotsa ndikutsuka poto wamafuta osachepera 100 km.