The chipangizo ndi mfundo ntchito ya crankshaft malo kachipangizo

Pofuna kukonza magwiridwe antchito, chuma komanso kusamalira zachilengedwe kwamayendedwe amakono, opanga magalimoto akukonzekeretsa magalimoto ndi zida zowonjezera zamagetsi. Cholinga chake ndikuti zida zamagetsi zomwe zimayang'anira, mwachitsanzo, pakupanga ma sapula, omwe anali ndi magalimoto akale, anali odziwika chifukwa chokhazikika. Ngakhale kutsekemera pang'ono kwa olumikizana kumatha kubweretsa kuti galimoto imangoyima, ngakhale popanda chifukwa.

Kuphatikiza pa zovuta izi, zida zamakina sizimalola kukonza kwa magetsi. Chitsanzo cha izi ndi njira yolumikizirana, yomwe imafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane. apa... Chofunikira kwambiri mmenemo chidali chowongolera makina (werengani za chida chogawa kubwereza kwina). Ngakhale pokonza moyenera komanso nthawi yoyenera kuyatsa, makinawa adathandizira kuti mapulagi atheke, osagwiranso ntchito moyenera.

Monga kusintha kwabwino, akatswiri apanga contactless dongosolo poyatsira, momwe wogulitsa yemweyo amagwiritsidwira ntchito, kokha sensa yolowetsa yomwe idayikidwamo m'malo mochotseka. Chifukwa cha izi, zinali zotheka kukwaniritsa kukhazikika kwamphamvu yamagetsi, koma zovuta zotsalira za SZ sizinathetsedwe, popeza wogulitsa makina anali akugwiritsidwabe ntchito.

Pofuna kuthana ndi zovuta zonse zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zinthu zamakina, makina amakono oyatsira adapangidwa - zamagetsi (za kapangidwe kake ndi mfundo zake apa). Chofunikira mu dongosolo lotere ndi chojambulira cha crankshaft.

Tiyeni tiwone chomwe chiri, mfundo yake yogwirira ntchito ndiyotani, ili ndi udindo wanji, momwe tingadziwire kusokonekera kwake, ndi zomwe zawonongeka chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwake.

DPKV ndi chiyani

Chojambulira cha crankshaft chimayikidwa mu injini iliyonse ya jekeseni yoyendera mafuta kapena gasi. Ma injini amakono a dizilo amakhalanso ndi chinthu chomwecho. Pokhapokha, pamazizindikiro ake, nthawi ya jekeseni wamafuta imatsimikizika, osati kuthetheka, popeza injini ya dizilo imagwira ntchito mosiyana (kuyerekezera mitundu iwiri yamagalimoto iyi apa).

Chojambulira ichi chimalemba kuti ndi liti pomwe ma pistoni oyambira ndi achinayi azikhala pamalo oyenera (pamwamba ndi pansi pakufa). Zimapanga zokopa zomwe zimapita ku gawo loyang'anira zamagetsi. Kuchokera pazizindikirozi, microprocessor imazindikira kuti crankshaft imazungulira pa liwiro liti.

Izi zimafunika ndi ECU kuti akonze SPL. Monga mukudziwa, kutengera momwe injini ikugwirira ntchito, pamafunika kuyatsa mafuta osakaniza ndi mpweya nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Polumikizana ndi osayanjana nawo, ntchitoyi idachitidwa ndi oyang'anira ma centrifugal ndi vacuum. M'dongosolo lamagetsi, njirayi imagwiridwa ndi ma algorithms amagetsi oyang'anira malinga ndi firmware yoyikidwayo ndi wopanga.

Ponena za injini ya dizilo, zikwangwani zochokera ku DPKV zimathandiza ECU kuyendetsa jekeseni wa mafuta a dizilo mu silinda iliyonse. Ngati makina ogawira gasi ali ndi gawo losunthira, ndiye pamaziko a ma sensa, zamagetsi zimasintha kuzungulira kwa makinawo kusintha kwa nthawi ya valve... Zizindikirozi ndizofunikanso kukonza magwiridwe antchito a adsorber (mwatsatanetsatane za dongosololi likufotokozedwa apa).

Kutengera mtundu wamagalimoto komanso mtundu wama board, zamagetsi zimatha kuwongolera kaphatikizidwe ka mafuta osakaniza ndi mpweya. Izi zimapangitsa injini kuyendetsa bwino ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochepa.

Makina oyaka amkati amakono sangagwire ntchito, popeza DPKV ndi yomwe imayang'anira ziwonetserozo, popanda zomwe zamagetsi sizingadziwe nthawi yobwezera jekeseni wa mafuta oyaka kapena dizilo. Ponena za magetsi a carburetor, sipafunikira sensa iyi. Cholinga chake ndikuti njira yopanga VTS imayendetsedwa ndi carburetor yomwe (werengani zakusiyana pakati pa jakisoni ndi ma carburetor motors payokha). Kuphatikiza apo, kapangidwe ka MTC sikudalira njira zoyendetsera unit. Zamagetsi zimakuthandizani kuti musinthe kuchuluka kwakukula kwa chisakanizo kutengera katundu pa injini yoyaka yamkati.

Oyendetsa ena amakhulupirira kuti DPKV ndi sensa yomwe ili pafupi ndi camshaft ndi zida zofanana. M'malo mwake, izi sizili choncho. Chida choyamba chimakonza malo a crankshaft, ndipo chachiwiri - camshaft. Kachiwiri, sensa imazindikira mawonekedwe a camshaft kuti zamagetsi zizigwira bwino ntchito jakisoni wamafuta ndi poyatsira. Onse masensa ntchito limodzi, koma popanda kachipangizo crankshaft, injini sadzayamba.

Crankshaft udindo kachipangizo kachipangizo

Mapangidwe amagetsi amatha kusiyanasiyana pagalimoto kupita pagalimoto, koma zinthu zazikuluzikulu ndizofanana. DPKV ili ndi:

• Permanent maginito;
• Nyumba;
• Maginito pachimake;
• Mu atomu kumulowetsa.

Kotero kuti kulumikizana pakati pa mawaya ndi zinthu zamagetsi sikuzimiririka, zonse zimapezeka mkati mwa mulanduyo, womwe umadzazidwa ndi utomoni wamagulu. Chipangizocho chimalumikizidwa ndi bolodi kudzera pa cholumikizira chachikazi / chachimuna. Pali matumba m'thupi la chipangizocho kuti mukonze pamalo ogwirira ntchito.

Chojambuliracho chimagwira ntchito chimodzimodzi nthawi zonse, ngakhale sichiphatikizidwe pakupanga kwake. Ichi ndi pulley yamano. Pali kusiyana kochepa pakati pa maginito ndi mano opangira.

Ali ndi kachipangizo crankshaft

Popeza sensa iyi imazindikira komwe kuli crankshaft, iyenera kukhala pafupi ndi gawo ili la injini. Pulley yamanoyi imayikidwa pa shaft yokha kapena flywheel (kuphatikiza apo, za chifukwa chake flywheel imafunikira, ndi zosintha ziti, akufotokozedwa payokha).

Chojambuliracho chimayendetsedwa osayenda pamiyala yamphamvu pogwiritsa ntchito bulaketi yapadera. Palibe malo ena a sensa iyi. Kupanda kutero, silingathe kuthana ndi ntchito yake. Tsopano tiyeni tiwone ntchito zazikulu za sensa.

Kodi ntchito ya crankshaft sensor ndi yotani?

Monga tanenera kale, masensa amtundu wa crankshaft amatha kusiyanasiyana, koma ntchito yayikulu ya onsewo ndiyofanana - kudziwa nthawi yomwe kuyatsira ndi jekeseni kuyenera kuyambitsidwa.

Mfundo yogwirira ntchito idzasiyana pang'ono kutengera mtundu wama sensa. Kusintha kofala kwambiri kumakhala kopatsa mphamvu kapena maginito. Chipangizocho chimagwira motere.

Buku la disk (lotchedwa pulothed pulley) lili ndi mano 60. Komabe, gawo limodzi la gawolo, zinthu ziwiri zikusowa. Ndi mphako iyi ndiye malo omwe amalemba pomwe kusintha kwina kwathunthu kwa crankshaft kudalembedwa. Pakazungulira kwa pulley, mano ake amapita mosiyana ndi maginito a sensa. Mwamsanga pamene malo olowa opanda mano akudutsa m'derali, zimapangika mkati mwake, zomwe zimadyetsedwa kudzera pamawaya oyang'anira.

Microprocessor ya board board idakonzedweratu kuti iwonetsetse izi, malinga ndi momwe ma algorithms omwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito amayendetsedwa, ndipo zamagetsi zimathandizira dongosolo lomwe likufunidwa kapena limakonza magwiridwe ake.

Palinso zosintha zina zama disc, kuchuluka kwa mano omwe angakhale osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, pa injini zina za dizilo, pulogalamu ya master yomwe ili ndi mano awiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mitundu yama sensa

Ngati tigawa masensa onse m'magulu, padzakhala atatu mwa iwo. Mtundu uliwonse wa sensa uli ndi mfundo zake zogwirira ntchito:

• Zowonjezera kapena maginito masensa... Mwina ndiye kusinthidwa kosavuta. Ntchito yake sikutanthauza kulumikizidwa ndi magetsi, chifukwa imadzipangira yokha chifukwa cha kupatsidwa mphamvu kwamaginito. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kosavuta komanso chida chachikulu chogwirira ntchito, DPKV yotere imawononga ndalama zochepa. Zina mwazovuta zakusinthidwa kotereku, ziyenera kutchula kuti chipangizocho chimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi dothi lamkati. Pasapezeke tinthu tachilendo, monga kanema wamafuta, pakati pa maginito ndi mano. Komanso, kuti mapangidwe amagetsi opanga magetsi azigwira bwino ntchito, pamafunika kuti pulley izizungulira mwachangu.
• Masensa a m'holo... Ngakhale chida chovuta kwambiri, ma DPKV ngati amenewa ndi odalirika komanso ali ndi chida chachikulu. Zambiri pazida ndi momwe imagwirira ntchito zafotokozedwa m'nkhani ina... Mwa njira, masensa angapo atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mgalimoto yomwe imagwira ntchitoyi, ndipo adzakhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana. Kuti sensa igwire ntchito, iyenera kuyendetsedwa. Kusinthaku sikugwiritsidwenso ntchito potseka malo osokonekera.
• Kuwala sensa... Kusinthidwa ili ndi gwero kuwala ndi wolandila. Chipangizochi ndi motere. Mano opangira amathamanga pakati pa LED ndi photodiode. Mukamazungulira pakuyenda kwa diski, nyalayi imalowa kapena kusokoneza kuyika kwake ku chowunikira. Mu photodiode, nyemba zimapangidwa kutengera kuwala, komwe kumaperekedwa ku ECU. Chifukwa cha zovuta za chipangizocho komanso kusatetezeka kwake, kusinthaku sikumayikidwanso pamakina.

Zizindikiro

Zida zina zamagetsi za injini kapena makina olumikizana nazo zikalephera, chipangizocho chimayamba kugwira ntchito molakwika. Mwachitsanzo, imatha Troit (kuti mumve zambiri chifukwa chake izi zikuwoneka, werengani apa), ndiyosakhazikika kuti izichita ulesi, kuyamba movutikira kwambiri, ndi zina zambiri. Koma ngati DPKV sichigwira ntchito, injini yoyaka mkati siyiyamba konse.

Chojambuliracho sichikhala ndi zovuta zilizonse. Mwina imagwira ntchito kapena ayi. Pokhapokha pomwe chipangizocho chingayambiranso kugwira ntchito ndikulumikizana ndi okosijeni. Pachifukwa ichi, chizindikirocho chimapangidwa mu sensa, koma zotsatira zake sizichitika chifukwa choti magetsi asweka. Nthawi zina, sensa yolakwika imangokhala ndi chizindikiro chimodzi chokha - mota imangoyima ndipo siyayamba.

Ngati chojambulira cha crankshaft sichigwira ntchito, zida zamagetsi sizilemba chikwangwani, ndipo chithunzi cha injini kapena cholembedwa kuti "Check Engine" chiziwoneka pazenera. Kuwonongeka kwa sensa kumadziwika pakazungulira kwa crankshaft. Microprocessor imasiya kujambula zokopa ku sensa, chifukwa chake sizimvetsetsa kuti ndi nthawi yanji yomwe muyenera kupereka lamulo kwa ma jakisoni ndi ma coil oyatsira.

Pali zifukwa zingapo zakusokonekera kwa sensa. Nazi zina mwa izo:

1. Kuwonongeka kwa kapangidwe kake panthawi yamafuta otentha komanso kunjenjemera kosalekeza;
2. Kuyendetsa galimoto kumadera onyowa kapena kugonjetsedwa kwapafupipafupi kwa mayendedwe;
3. Kusintha kwakuthwa kwa kayendedwe ka kutentha kwa chipangizocho (makamaka m'nyengo yozizira, pomwe kusiyana kwakutentha kumakhala kwakukulu).

Zowonongeka kwambiri za sensa sizigwirizananso ndi izo, koma ndi zingwe zake. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwachizolowezi, chingwecho chimatha, chomwe chingayambitse kutaya kwa magetsi.

Muyenera kumvetsera DPKV pankhani yotsatirayi:

• Galimoto siyimayambira, ndipo izi zimatha kutero kaya injini yatenthedwa kapena ayi;
• Liwiro la crankshaft limatsika mwamphamvu, ndipo galimoto imayenda, ngati mafuta atha (mafuta samalowa m'mipiringi, popeza ECU ikudikirira chidwi kuchokera ku sensa, ndipo pano palibe makandulo, komanso chifukwa cha kusowa kwakukakamiza kuchokera ku DPKV);
• Kuthamangitsa (izi zimachitika makamaka osati chifukwa chophwanyika kwa sensa, koma chifukwa chakukhazikika kwake kwa injini, komwe kukudziwitsani nthawi yomweyo za lolingana kachipangizo;
• Galimoto imakhazikika nthawi zonse (izi zitha kuchitika ngati pali vuto ndi waya, ndipo chizindikiritso cha sensa chikuwonekera ndikutha).

Mafunde oyandama, kuchepa kwamphamvu ndi zizindikilo zina zofananira ndizizindikiro zakulephera kwamagalimoto ena. Ponena za sensa, ngati chizindikirocho chizimiririka, microprocessor idikirira mpaka kugunda uku kuwonekere. Poterepa, omwe ali pa bolodi "amaganiza" kuti crankshaft sikuzungulira, chifukwa chake sipangakhale kuthetheka, kapena kupopera mafuta muzitsulo.

Kuti mudziwe chifukwa chake mota waleka kugwira ntchito mosakhazikika, m'pofunika kuchita makina owunikira makompyuta. Momwe zimachitikira ndi nkhani yosiyana.

Momwe mungayang'anire chojambulira cha crankshaft

Pali njira zingapo zowunika DPKV. Chinthu choyamba kuchita ndikuwona mawonekedwe. Choyamba muyenera kuyang'ana pamtengo wabwino. Chifukwa cha phokoso lakumva kwa sensa, mtunda wochokera kumaginito mpaka pamazinyo umasinthasintha. Izi zitha kubweretsa kufalitsa kwachinyengo. Pachifukwa ichi, zamagetsi zimatha kutumiza molakwika ma adapter. Poterepa, ntchito yamagalimoto imatha kutsagana ndi zochitika zopanda tanthauzo: kuphulika, kuwonjezeka / kuchepa kwachangu, ndi zina zambiri.

Ngati chipangizocho chili bwino pamalo ake, palibe chifukwa choganizira zomwe mungachite pambuyo pake. Gawo lotsatira lakuwunika ndikuwunika momwe zingwe zamagetsi zikuyendera. Nthawi zambiri, ndipamene pomwe kupezeka kwa sensa kumatha, ndipo chipangizocho chimagwirabe ntchito moyenera. Njira yotsimikizika kwambiri ndikukhazikitsa analog yodziwika bwino. Ngati magetsi ayamba kugwira ntchito moyenera komanso mosasunthika, ndiye kuti timataya chojambulira chakale.

Muzovuta kwambiri, kumulowetsa maginito kumalephera. Kuwonongeka uku kudzakuthandizani kuzindikira multimeter. Chipangizocho chakhazikitsidwa pamachitidwe oyeserera. Ma probes amalumikizidwa ndi sensa kutengera pinout. Nthawi zambiri, chizindikiro ichi chikuyenera kukhala pakati pa 550 mpaka 750 Ohm.

Kuti musawononge ndalama pofufuza zida zanu, ndizothandiza kuchita zodzitetezera nthawi zonse. Chimodzi mwazida zomwe zingathandize kuzindikira zovuta zobisika pazida zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi ndi oscilloscope. Momwe chipangizochi chimagwirira ntchito zafotokozedwa apa.

Chifukwa chake, ngati sensa ina m'galimotoyo yalephera, ndiye kuti zamagetsi ziziyenda modzidzimutsa ndipo sizigwira ntchito moyenera, koma munjira imeneyi zitha kufikira ku station yapafupi. Koma ngati crankshaft position sensor itha, chipangizocho sichingagwire ntchito popanda icho. Pachifukwa ichi, ndibwino kuti nthawi zonse muzikhala ndi analog yomwe ilipo.

Kuphatikiza apo, yang'anani kanema wamfupi momwe DPKV imagwirira ntchito, komanso DPRV:

Crankshaft ndi camshaft sensors: magwiridwe antchito, zovuta ndi njira zowunikira. Gawo 11

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani sensor ya crankshaft ikalephera? Chizindikiro chochokera ku sensa ya crankshaft chikasowa, wolamulirayo amasiya kutulutsa phokoso la spark. Chifukwa cha ichi, kuyatsa kumasiya kugwira ntchito.

Kodi mungamvetse bwanji kuti sensa ya crankshaft yafa? Ngati sensa ya crankshaft ili kunja kwa dongosolo, galimotoyo siyiyamba kapena kuyimitsidwa. Chifukwa chake ndikuti gawo lowongolera silingadziwe nthawi yomwe ingapangire chikoka kuti chipange spark.

Chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati sensa ya crankshaft sikugwira ntchito?  Chizindikiro chochokera ku sensa ya crankshaft ndiyofunikira kuti mugwirizanitse ntchito ya ma jekeseni amafuta (injini ya dizilo) ndi makina oyatsira (mu injini zamafuta). Ikasweka, galimoto siyamba.

Kodi sensa ya crankshaft ili kuti? Kwenikweni, sensa iyi imamangiriridwa mwachindunji ku block ya silinda. Mu zitsanzo zina, imayima pafupi ndi pulley ya crankshaft komanso ngakhale nyumba ya gearbox.