Musatalikirane: Mfuti Zisanu ndi chimodzi Zosasunthika Kwambiri Zam'madzi

Bokosi la gear ndi gawo lachiwiri lofunika kwambiri komanso lokwera mtengo kwambiri m'galimoto pambuyo pa injini. Kudalirika kwake kumatsimikizira momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito galimoto yanu momasuka, komanso momwe mungagulitsire nthawi ikadzafika. Masiku ano, anthu ochulukirachulukira akutsamira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makina opangira makina - ndiosavuta komanso osatopetsa. Koma amakhalanso okwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo amatha kuwonongeka.

Kuphatikiza apo, makinawa ndiosayerekezeka pakupirira. Zachidziwikire, chiwongolero ndichofunikira kwambiri m'moyo wawo, ndipo njira yabwino kwambiri yoyendetsera galimoto silingalimbane ndi kuyenda kwamatope pafupipafupi kapena koyambira pamayendedwe amtunda ngati kuti muli ku Monaco Grand Prix. Chifukwa chake, kuyerekezera kwotsatira kwa makina osalimba kwambiri kuyenera kuganiziridwabe: ndizotheka kuti mayunitsi awa azikhala opanda nkhawa kwazaka zambiri ndikugwira ntchito moyenera ndi kukonza.

Maulendo asanu ndi amodzi ovuta kwambiri:

PowerShift DPS6 ndi Ford

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka khumi zapitazi, Ford idasankha kutsatira zomwe zikuchitika ndikuwonetsa makina awiriwa, opangira zida zapamwamba kwambiri. Pogwirizana ndi Getrag ndi Luk, anthu aku America adapanga PowerShift DPS6, yomwe inali ndi cholumikizira chimodzi ngakhale chimodzi chachilendo. Mosiyana ndi ena opanga mayunitsi ofanana, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ndodo "zonyowa" (zodzazidwa ndi ma hydraulic fluid omwe amawadzozetsa), bokosi lamagalimoto la Ford linali louma. Izi sizinangotchipa kupanga, komanso kuwonjezeka kwachangu kudzera pakupatsira kwabwino komanso kupulumutsa mphamvu zomwe zikadayendetsa pampu yamafuta.

PowerShift DPS6 ndi Ford

Komabe, zinamupangitsanso kukhala wosalimba kwambiri. Ngakhale panthawi yoyesera, akatswiri ogwirizana a Getrag adalembera oyang'anira kuti sangagwiritse ntchito pulogalamuyo kuti abwezere kusadziŵika kwa bokosilo, komanso kuti iyenera "kukonzedwa bwino" isanayambe kupanga. Lingaliro la oyang'anira linali loti ayambe kupanga nthawi yomweyo popanda kuyambitsa nkhaniyi (ambiri amakumbukira zachisoni chazaka za m'ma 70 pomwe wowerengera ndalama ku Ford adaganiza kuti kunali kopindulitsa kulipira chipukuta misozi cha imfa yomwe ingachitike chifukwa cha zolakwika mu mtundu wa Pinto kuposa kukonza zolakwika). DPS6 imayikidwa makamaka mu Fiesta (2011-2016) ndi Focus (2012-2016), komanso ku Mondeo, C-max, Kuga ndi Ecosport. Mitundu yambiri yogulitsidwa ku EU imakhala ndi bokosi lonyowa, koma palinso vuto ndi clutch youma.

PowerShift DPS6 ndi Ford

Madandaulo adayamba poyambira kwa gearbox: kusintha kwamagalimoto kovuta kwambiri, kugundana kosayembekezereka komwe kumabweretsa ziphuphu zambiri pamalo oimikapo magalimoto, kapena kusunthira mbali pamsewu waukulu, nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kugundana kumbuyo kwa galimoto yoimitsidwa. Mikangano imatenthedwa nthawi zonse ndipo imatha msanga. A Ford adayamba kufotokozera milanduyi ngati mavuto amtundu wa mapulogalamu, kenako nkumanena kuti ndizoyipa (zopangidwa ndi LUK), koma pamapeto pake adakakamizidwa kuvomereza kuti panali zovuta zingapo. Kutsatira milandu yamakalasi, kampaniyo idavomereza kupititsa patsogolo chitsimikizo cha makina olakwika ndikubisa $ 20 kuti akonzedwe.

Hydromechanical zodziwikiratu kuchokera kwa Renault ndi Peugeot

Osewera ena amati ndi bokosi ili, lodziwika pansi pa ma DP0 ndi DP2, aku France adabwezera Europe yonse ku Waterloo. Kuyambira chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, zakhala zophatikizana zamagulu a Renault ndi PSA Peugeot-Citroen ndipo zakhala zikupezeka pafupifupi mwa mitundu yawo mzaka makumi angapo zapitazi, kuyambira Renault Megane II ndi III mpaka Dacia Sandero ndi Logan, komanso kuchokera ku Citroen C4 ndi C5.kufika kwa Peugeot 306, 307, 308 ngakhale 408.

Mu 2009, othamanga anayiwo adakwezedwa ndikulandila nambala yatsopano DP2, komanso magalimoto okhala ndi 4 × 4 drive, mtundu wa DP8 udapangidwa, wokhala ndi bokosi lamagalimoto, lomwe limatumiza makokedwe kumbuyo kwa mawilo kudzera pa shaft propeller.

Ma gearbox a DP0 ndi otchuka chifukwa cha mapangidwe awo osadalirika a torque converter komanso zida zochepa zama valve ndi ma hydraulic unit solenoids. Zolumikizana zoyipa nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kutulutsa. Makhalidwe a galimoto yokhala ndi gearbox iyi ndi yosadziwikiratu - imasokoneza magiya, imasinthasintha ... Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha magiya ang'onoang'ono, kugwiritsa ntchito kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa magalimoto okhala ndi zida zamakina. Pakuchulukirachulukira kuchokera pakuthamangitsidwa pafupipafupi kapena kugwedezeka, chipangizocho chimalephera kwathunthu, ndipo m'malo mwa mikangano ndi tchire zitha kufunikira.

Ngati kukonzanso kungapangidwe popanda kugwetsa gawo lonse, mtengo wake siwokwera kwambiri - pafupifupi 150-200 leva. Koma kukonzanso kale kumawononga pafupifupi chikwi. Ndipo izi ndizopanda pake, chifukwa ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri kugula kachilombo katsopano kuchokera kwa wopanga yemwe ali ndi chilolezo.

7-liwiro DSG kuchokera ku Volkswagen

Chovuta kwambiri pamayendedwe onse a VW ndi ma 7-speed dual-clutch robotic transmission, codenamed DQ200. Izo zinaonekera mu 2006 ndipo m'gulu zitsanzo zosiyanasiyana za nkhawa - VW, Skoda, Mpando ngakhale Audi. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka ku Gofu, Passat, Octavia, Leon.

Zowuma zowuma DSG7 siziyenera kusokonezedwa ndi DSG6 yodalirika, yomwe ili ndi zowalamulira konyowa. Pachiyambi choyamba, madandaulo okhudza kusintha kosavuta komanso kosalala kwa magiya, kugwedeza kosasangalatsa komanso kuvala mwachangu ma disc a clutch adayamba posachedwa. Mavutowa anali ovuta kwambiri m'mbuyomu bokosi ili, lopangidwa chaka cha 2014 chisanachitike.

7-liwiro DSG kuchokera ku Volkswagen

Mapangidwe a bokosi la robotiki ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa makina, koma osavuta kuposa makina enieni okhala ndi torque converter. Ili ndi ma shaft awiri olowera, iliyonse ili ndi clutch yake. Chimodzi chimaphatikizapo magiya 1-3-5-7, china - 2-4-6. Kusintha kudzera pa mechatronics.

Ubwino wa dera lino ndikuti umalola kusintha kwamagalimoto kwakanthawi ndipo osataya mphamvu. Chifukwa chake, mtengo wake ndi wotsika kwambiri.

Vuto ndiloti bokosi lotere limapangidwa kuti liziyenda bwino ndipo sililekerera zoyambira mwadzidzidzi ndikuyimilira pagalimoto.

Okonza adayesetsa kumuphunzitsa kuti azolowere kutengera woyendetsa winawake. Koma nthawi zambiri "kalembedwe" kameneka kamadalira misewu. Ndipo ngati galimoto imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi oyendetsa awiri, zamagetsi zasokonezeka kwathunthu.

Mavuto ndi matembenuzidwe akale a DSG nthawi zambiri amayamba kuchokera ku 60-80 zikwi. Mabokosi ochepa kwambiri amatha kupirira mpaka 100000 km osakonzedwa. Zomwe zimafala kwambiri ndimavala azida komanso kuwonongeka kwa makina (chithunzi), zomwe zimawononga pafupifupi BGN 1000. Kukonzanso kwathunthu kumatha kutenga ndalama zikwi ziwiri kapena kupitilira apo.

Kutumiza kwa Jatco kosiyanasiyana kuthamanga JF011E

JATCO ndi kampani yaku Japan yopangira makina omwe ali ndi Nissan monga omwe amagawana nawo, komanso Mitsubishi ndi Suzuki.

Mwina chinthu chodziwika kwambiri pakampaniyo ndi JF011E CVT kapena kufalitsa kosalekeza. Itha kupezeka paliponse - ku Nissan, Mitsubishi ndi Suzuki (mwanzeru), komanso ku Renault, Peugeot, Citroen, Jeep komanso anthu aku America ochokera ku Dodge.

Mtsutso wokhudzana ndi kusiyanasiyana kwawo udakhala zaka zambiri popanda umodzi wachipani. Omwe akuwalimbikitsa amaumirira kuti agwire bwino ntchito chifukwa posintha magiya achikhalidwe ndi makina ochapira bevel, nthawi zonse amakhala ndi gawo labwino kwambiri lamagalimoto. Ndipo palibe kutayika kwa makokedwe mukamasuntha, chifukwa palibe kusunthika, koma kusintha kosalala kwamagalimoto.

Adani awo amati kuchita bwino kumeneku kumadza chifukwa cha mphamvu ndipo kumatsagana ndi phokoso losasangalatsa.

Koma vuto lalikulu kwambiri ndi CVTs ndi chingwe chachitsulo pakati pa cones. Ndikokwanira kuti alowe pakati pa ma washer kuti azikanda pamwamba pake kapena kuwononga mbale zake. Kapena onse. Ndipo kutsetsereka kotereku kumachitika mosavuta - pomwe chosinthira chosatenthetsera chadzaza kwambiri, poyendetsa mwachangu kwambiri kapena pampu sikugwira ntchito bwino. Zotsirizirazi zimachitika kawirikawiri chifukwa cha zonyansa zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa mumadzimadzi ogwira ntchito. Choncho, tikukulangizani kusintha mafuta variator kwa munthu pazipita 60 Km, ndi zosefera.

Kukonzanso kwamtunduwu ndikokwera mtengo kwambiri - kuyambira 1600 mpaka 2000 leva.

Hydra-matic ochokera ku General Motors

Hydra-matic GM 6T30 / 6T40 ndi lingaliro lamakono la 6-speed hydromechanical automatic, koma mwatsoka silodalirika kwambiri. Amapezeka mum'badwo J Opel Astra, mu Opel Mokka woyamba, ku Antara, komanso m'mitundu ina ya Chevrolet - Captiva, Aveo, Cruze.

Chokwiyitsa kwambiri, bokosi ili limayambitsa mavuto mosasamala kanthu za kayendetsedwe ka galimoto - ndipo kwa madalaivala odekha, zimayambitsa mavuto omwewo.

Zizindikiro zoyamba kuti sizabwino zonse zitha kuwoneka patatha pafupifupi 30 km. Seweroli limachokera makamaka kuzinthu zosadalirika zomwe zimayang'anira madzi othamanga. Kuwonongeka kwa ma hydraulic unit sikachilendo.

Choyamba, kutenthedwa kwakukulu kumachitika, chosinthira ma torque chimasweka, kapena ma discs olimbana ayenera kusinthidwa. Pali zowonongeka zokwanira za bokosi lonse - ngakhale ndi ming'alu pamlanduwo. Chifukwa cha chizolowezi chowotcha, eni ena amayika radiator yowonjezera. Nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti kukonza sikokwera mtengo kwambiri - pafupifupi 400-500 leva yokhala ndi zowonjezera.

Mwa mitundu yokha pambuyo pa 2014, zovuta zambiri m'bokosizo zakonzedwa. Ngati mumagula galimoto nayo, ndibwino kuti makina omwe ali ndi akatswiri azipeza.

AMT kuchokera ku VAZ

Zomwe zikuyenera kukhala zopangidwa ndiukadaulo waku Russia, chitukuko cha "automation" ya VAZ idatenga zaka zambiri, ndipo miyezi ingapo inali yokwanira kuti iwonongeke.

Zolemba mu "zodziwikiratu" sizongochitika mwangozi - kwenikweni, AMT ndi bokosi lamanja lamanja lomwe kusuntha kwa zida kumachitika ndi ma drive amagetsi. Mabokosi amtunduwu amatchedwa "manned" kapena "robotic".

AMT imayikidwa pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya VAZ, kuphatikiza Lada Vesta.

Komabe, makasitomala oyamba adadabwitsidwa ndi zomwe amachita: kuthamangitsidwa kochedwetsa, kusintha kwa magiya mochedwa, makamaka mukamachepetsa liwiro ... Zonsezi ndizovuta ndi mapulogalamu komanso masensa osakwanira operekera chidziwitso kwa iye. Koma ogula mwina amakhululuka izi ngati bokosilo linali lolimba.

Koma sizinali choncho. Disiki yoyendetsa mwadongosolo idatenthedwa kwambiri ndikutha pakuthamanga, pambuyo pake kusuntha kwaphokoso kokulirakulira komanso kosafanana kudayamba, limodzi ndi kugwedezeka ndi kuphulika kwakukulu. Mpaka, potsiriza, dongosolo linalephera kwathunthu. Kutumiza kumeneku sikunali kokwanira makilomita 40, ndipo nthawi zambiri kunkafunika kukonzanso zina 000 20. Chokhachokha pankhaniyi chinali chakuti kukonzanso kunali kotchipa - kuchokera 000 mpaka 200 leva. Pomaliza, VAZ yapanga bokosi latsopano la AMT 300, lomwe limagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri.