Kodi kukula kwa injini kumatanthauza chiyani

Kuchuluka kwa injini yamoto

Posankha galimoto yatsopano, wogula amayang'ana magawo osiyanasiyana. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi kukula kwa injini. Ambiri amakhulupirira molakwika kuti ichi ndi chinthu chokha chomwe chimatsimikizira mphamvu ya galimoto. Tiye tiyese kudziwa chimene injini kusamutsidwa kumatanthauza, ndi magawo ena zimakhudza.

Kodi kukula kwa injini ndi chiyani

Voliyumu yogwiritsira ntchito injini yoyaka mkati ndi kuchuluka kwa zonenepa zonse za injini. Oyendetsa galimoto amayamba ndi chizindikirochi pokonzekera kugula galimoto. Chifukwa cha chiwerengerochi, mutha kudziwa kuti kudzaza mafuta kwotsatira kudzatha makilomita angati. M'mayiko ambiri, parameter iyi imayendetsedwa posankha msonkho womwe mwiniwake wagalimoto ayenera kulipira. Kodi voliyumu yogwira ntchito ndi yotani?

Voliyumu ya injini ndi kuchuluka kwa ma silinda onse, kapena kuchuluka kwa silinda imodzi kuchulukitsidwa ndi nambala yawo.

Choncho, injini zinayi yamphamvu ndi yamphamvu kusamutsidwa 500 cm³ ali pafupifupi malita 2,0. Komabe, injini ya 12-cylinder yokhala ndi 500cc yosamuka idzakhala ndi malo okwana malita 6,0, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zowala kwambiri.

Kodi kukula kwa injini kumatanthauza chiyani

M'magetsi oyaka mkati, mphamvu yamafuta amasandulika mphamvu yoyenda. Izi ndi izi.

Mpweya wosakanizika ndi mafuta zimalowa mchipinda choyaka moto kudzera pa valavu yolowera. Kuthetheka kuchokera kuthetheka pulagi kuyatsa mafuta. Zotsatira zake, kuphulika pang'ono kumapangika, komwe kumakankhira pisitoniyo pansi, motero kumazungulira. crankshaft.

Kuphulika kumeneku kudzakhala kwamphamvu kutengera kusamutsidwa kwa injini. M'magalimoto oyenda mwachilengedwe, mphamvu yamphamvu ndichofunikira pakudziwitsa mphamvu ya powertrain. Magalimoto amakono ali ndi zida zowonjezera zowonjezera komanso makina owonjezera magwiridwe antchito a injini. Chifukwa cha ichi, mphamvu sikuchulukirachulukira kuchokera kuchuluka kwa mafuta osakaniza, koma chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kuyaka, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse zomwe zatulutsidwa.

Kukula kwa injini ndi mphamvu

Ichi ndichifukwa chake kusunthika kwakung'ono kwa injini yamagetsi sikutanthauza kuti imathandizidwa. Chitsanzo cha izi ndikukula kwa mainjiniya a Ford - dongosolo la EcoBoost. Nayi tebulo lofananako lamphamvu zamitundu ina ya injini:

Mtundu wa injini:	Voliyumu, malita	Mphamvu, ndiyamphamvu
Wopondereza	1,6	75
Jekeseni	1,5	140
Duratec, jekeseni wambiri	1,6	125
EcoBoost	1,0	125

Monga mukuwonera, kuchuluka kwa kusamuka sikutanthauza mphamvu nthawi zonse. Zachidziwikire, momwe makina opangira mafuta amavutikira, injiniyo ndiyokwera mtengo kwambiri, koma ma injini oterewa amakhala osowa ndalama kwambiri ndipo amakwaniritsa zofunikira zachilengedwe.

Kusamuka kwa Injini - Kufotokozera

Kuchuluka kwa injini - kusuntha kwa injini

Mawonekedwe ake

Kodi mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito injini yoyaka mkati imawerengedwa bwanji? Pachifukwa ichi pali njira yosavuta: h (sitiroko ya piston) imachulukitsidwa ndi gawo lamphamvu la silinda (dera lozungulira - 3,14 * r²). Sitiroko ya pistoni ndikutalika kuchokera pansi pake pakufa mpaka pamwamba.

Fomula yowerengera kukula kwa injini

Mitengo yambiri yoyaka mkati yomwe imayikidwa mgalimoto imakhala ndi zonenepa zingapo, ndipo zonse ndizofanana, kotero chiwerengerochi chiyenera kuchulukitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zonenepa. Zotsatira zake ndi kusamutsidwa kwa mota.

Voliyumu yonse yamphamvu ndi kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe ake komanso mphamvu yanyumba yoyaka. Ndicho chifukwa chake pofotokozera mawonekedwe amgalimoto pakhoza kukhala chisonyezo: voliyumu ya injini ndi malita 1,6, ndipo buku logwira ntchito ndi 1594 cm³.

Mutha kuwerenga za momwe chiwonetsero ichi ndi chiwonetsero chazovuta zimakhudza chizindikiritso champhamvu cha injini yoyaka mkati. apa.

Momwe mungadziwire kuchuluka kwa injini yamphamvu

Monga kuchuluka kwa chidebe chilichonse, voliyumu yamphamvu imayesedwa kutengera kukula kwake. Nazi magawo omwe muyenera kudziwa kuti muwerenge mtengo uwu:

• Kutalika kwa mphako;
• Utali wozungulira yamphamvu;
• Mdulidwe (kupatula pomwe maziko ake ali ozungulira bwino).

Choyamba, dera lazungulira limawerengedwa. Njira iyi ndi yosavuta: S = P *R². П Ndiwosasinthika ndipo ndi wofanana ndi 3,14. R ndi utali wozungulira bwalo m'munsi mwa silinda. Ngati chidziwitso choyambirira sichikuwonetsa utali wozungulira, koma m'mimba mwake, ndiye kuti dera la bwalolo lidzakhala motere: S = P *D² ndipo zotsatira zake zagawidwa ndi 4.

Ngati kuli kovuta kupeza chidziwitso choyambirira cha utali wozungulira kapena m'mimba mwake, ndiye kuti malowo amatha kuwerengedwa pawokha, popeza kale anali atayeza chozungulira. Poterepa, malowa atsimikiziridwa ndi chilinganizo: P²/ 4P.

Pambuyo poyambira gawo lamphamvu, silindayo yawerengedwa. Pachifukwa ichi, kutalika kwa chidebe kumachulukitsidwa powerengetsera ndi S.

Momwe mungakulitsire kukula kwa injini

Momwe mungakulitsire mphamvu ya injini

Kwenikweni, funso ili limabwera kwa oyendetsa omwe akufuna kuwonjezera mphamvu ya injini. Momwe njirayi imakhudzira magwiridwe antchito amkati amkati amafotokozedwera nkhani yapadera... Kusamutsidwa kwa injini molunjika kumadalira kukula kwa silinda. Ndipo njira yoyamba yosinthira mawonekedwe amagetsi ndikunyamula zonenepa kuti zikhale zazikulu.

Njira yachiwiri, yomwe ingakuthandizeni kuwonjezera mphamvu yamahatchi pagalimoto, ndikukhazikitsa crankshaft yomwe siili yoyenera mu unit iyi. Powonjezera matalikidwe a kasinthasintha kakang'ono, mutha kusintha kusunthika kwa mota

Mukamakonzekera, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kuwonjezera mphamvu sikutanthauza mphamvu zambiri nthawi zonse. Koma ndikakweza koteroko, mwini galimoto adzafunika kugula magawo ena. Pachiyambi, awa adzakhala ma pistoni okhala ndi mulifupi mwake, ndipo chachiwiri, gulu lonse la pisitoni pamodzi ndi crankshaft.

Gulu lamagalimoto potengera kusamutsidwa kwa injini

Popeza palibe galimoto yomwe ingakwaniritse zosowa za onse oyendetsa galimoto, opanga amapanga ma mota okhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Aliyense malinga ndi zomwe amakonda, amasankha zosintha zina.

Ndi kusamutsidwa kwa injini, magalimoto onse amagawika m'magulu anayi:

• Minicar - magalimoto okhala ndi mota, omwe kuchuluka kwake sikupitilira malita 1,1. Mwachitsanzo, pagalimoto zotere Wachinyamata C1 и NYAMATA 500C.

Magalimoto a Subcompact - kukula kwa injini

• Subcompact - magalimoto, omwe ali ndi mphamvu yoyaka mkati yomwe imasiyana malita 1,2 mpaka 1,7. Makina oterewa ndi otchuka pakati pa iwo omwe amayesa mtengo wogwiritsa ntchito moyenera. Oyimira gulu ili ndi DAIHATSU COPEN 2002-2012 и LEMON BERLINGO VAN.

Subcompact - kukula kwa injini

• Wapakatikati - gawo lamagetsi mgalimoto zotere limakhala ndi malita 1,8 mpaka 3,5. Kalasiyi ili ndi mitundu monga GWIRITSANI UTHENGA WABWINO и LAND ROVER RANGE ROVER EVOQUE.

Kusamuka kwapakatikati - kukula kwa injini

• Zazikulu - mgalimoto zotere zoyaka zamkati zimakhala zoposa malita 3,5. Mwa oimira mkalasi iyi: ASTON MARTIN ANASINTHA FLYWHEEL 2013, 2018 CHEVROLET CAMARO и BENTLEY YOPHUNZITSIRA GT AMASINTHA.

Kusamuka kwakukulu kwa Aston Martin

Gulu Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito mayunitsi mafuta. Nthawi zambiri pofotokozera mawonekedwe, mutha kupeza cholemba chosiyanako:

• B - yaying'ono magalimoto ndi kusamuka kwa 1,0 - 1,6. Nthawi zambiri izi ndizosankha bajeti, monga SKODA FABIA.

Kukula kwa injini ya Skoda Fabia

• C - gululi limaphatikizapo mitundu yomwe imaphatikiza mtengo wapakati, magwiridwe antchito, magwiridwe antchito ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Ma mota mwa iwo azikhala kuchokera ku 1,4 mpaka 2,0 malita. Oyimira gulu ili ndi SKODA OCTAVIA 4.

gulu C - Skoda injini kukula

• D - nthawi zambiri magalimoto amenewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu amalonda ndi mabanja. Mu magalimoto injini adzakhala 1,6-2,5 malita. Mndandanda wa zitsanzo m'kalasili siufupi kuposa gawo lapitalo. Imodzi mwa magalimoto amenewa ndi VOLKSWAGEN PASSAT.

Gulu D - Kukula kwa injini VolksWagen

• E - magalimoto apabizinesi. Makina oyaka amkati amtundu wotere nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa malita 2,0. ndi zina zambiri. Chitsanzo cha magalimoto oterewa ndi AUDI A6 2019.

Gulu E - kukula kwa injini ya Audi

Kuphatikiza pa kusamutsidwa, gulu ili limaganizira magawo monga gawo lomwe likufunidwa (mtundu wa bajeti, mtengo wapakatikati kapena umafunika), kukula kwa thupi, zida zachitetezo. Nthawi zina opanga amapangira magalimoto apakatikati ndi apamwamba ndi injini zazing'ono, chifukwa chake sizinganenedwe kuti zolembedwazi zili ndi malire okhwima.

Mtundu wamagalimoto ukaima pakati pamagawo (mwachitsanzo, malingana ndi luso lawo, ndi kalasi C, ndipo machitidwe otonthoza amalola kuti magawidwe akhale gulu E), "+" imawonjezeredwa m'kalatayo.

Kuphatikiza pa mtundu womwe watchulidwa, pali zolemba zina:

• J - ma SUV ndi ma crossovers;
• M - minibasi ndi minibasi;
• S - zitsanzo zamasewera zamagalimoto.

Ma mota a magalimoto ngati awa amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana.

Kodi kukula kwa injini kumakhudza chiyani?

Choyamba, kuchuluka kwa ma silinda kumakhudza kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta (kuchepetsa chizindikiro ichi, mu injini za volumetric, mwachitsanzo, jekeseni wachindunji, turbocharging amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zosiyanasiyana). Mafuta omwe amawotcha kwambiri, mphamvu zambiri zimatulutsidwa pamtundu uliwonse wa sitiroko yamphamvu. Chotsatira cha izi ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu ya mphamvu ya mphamvu poyerekeza ndi injini yoyaka mkati yofanana ya voliyumu yaying'ono.

Koma ngakhale injini imagwiritsa ntchito njira yowonjezera yomwe imachepetsa "kuphulika" kwa injini, mu injini yoyatsira mkati yofanana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa voliyumu, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kumakhala kwakukulu. Mwachitsanzo, kumwa mafuta mu injini ya 1.5-lita mumayendedwe oyendetsa mzinda adzakhala pafupifupi malita 9 pa makilomita 100 (izi zimadalira kukula kwa galimoto, katundu wake ndi machitidwe omwe amagwiritsa ntchito). Ngati muwonjezera voliyumu ya injini yomweyi ndi malita 0.5 okha, munjira yomweyo "voracity" yake imakhala pafupifupi malita 12 pa zana.

Komano, injini yamphamvu imakulolani kuti musunthe mwachangu, zomwe zimachepetsa nthawi yogwira ntchito mopanda chuma. Komanso, mfundo yakuti "mphamvu zambiri zimafunikira mphamvu zambiri" zimangogwira ntchito pamagalimoto okwera. Pankhani yamagalimoto, sikuti nthawi zonse kukula kwa injini kumapangitsa kuti mphamvu zamahatchi ziwonjezeke. chifukwa chake ndi chakuti gawo lofunikira la injini yoyaka mkati yonyamula katundu ndi torque yayikulu pama liwiro osiyanasiyana a crankshaft.

Kukula kwa injini ndi mphamvu, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta,

Mwachitsanzo, thalakitala "KamAZ 54115" okonzeka ndi 10.85-lita mphamvu unit (magalimoto ena ang'onoang'ono okonzeka ndi injini, buku limene likufanana ndi buku la yamphamvu mu "KamAZ". Koma mphamvu ya unit iyi ndi 240 ndiyamphamvu. Poyerekeza, atatu lita BMW X5 injini akufotokozera 218 ndiyamphamvu.

M'magalimoto onyamula anthu, kuchuluka kwa injini zoyatsira mkati kumakhudza mwachindunji kayendedwe ka mayendedwe, makamaka pa liwiro lotsika komanso lapakati la crankshaft. Koma chizindikiro ichi sichimakhudzidwa kokha ndi kusamuka kwa injini, komanso ndi masanjidwe ake (omwe amafunikira makina kapena camshaft).

Kuchuluka kwa injini kumapangitsa kuti galimotoyo ikhale yolimba kwambiri, galimotoyo ndi kuyimitsidwa kwake ziyenera kukhala, chifukwa machitidwewa adzakhudzidwa kale ndi katundu wambiri. Mtengo wa magawo amenewa ndi okwera kwambiri, choncho mtengo wa galimoto yokhala ndi injini yaikulu ndi yokwera kwambiri.

Ganizirani za ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa voliyumu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, torque ndi gwero la injini.

Kukula kwa injini ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafuta

Mwachidziwitso, kusakaniza kwamafuta a mpweya kumalowa mu silinda pakudya sitiroko, mphamvu zambiri zimatulutsidwa panthawi ya injini. Mwachibadwa, izi mwachindunji molingana amakhudza "voracity" injini. Koma izi zili choncho pang'ono. Zomwezo zikhoza kunenedwa za injini zakale. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito ya carbureted injini kuyaka mkati zimadalira fizikiya (kukula kwa zobweza zambiri, kukula kwa zipinda mu carburetor, kukula kwa mabowo mu jets, ndi zina zotero).

Pamene dalaivala akukakamiza kwambiri petulo, m'pamenenso amagwiritsira ntchito mafuta. Zoona, ngati injini ya carburetor imayendera gasi (HBO yachiwiri ya m'badwo wachiwiri), izi sizikugwiranso ntchito, chifukwa mpweya umalowa mu carburetor, womwe umasinthidwa pamene bokosi la gear likukhazikitsidwa. Pankhaniyi, otaya nthawi zonse mu voliyumu yomweyo. Choncho, ngati galimoto ipita mofulumira, idzawotcha mafuta ochepa.

Ndi kuyambika kwa teknoloji yamakono, injini ya malita awiri a m'badwo waposachedwa ikhoza kukhala yotsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi injini yaing'ono yoyaka mkati yomwe inapangidwa m'zaka zapitazi. Zoonadi, voliyumu yokulirapo ikadali yofunika kwambiri kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito, koma tsopano "voracity" ya unityo imadalira osati pa izi.

Chitsanzo cha izi ndi mtundu womwewo wa injini yokhala ndi mavavu 8 ndi 16. Ndi voliyumu yofanana ya masilinda, valavu 16 idzakhala yamphamvu kwambiri komanso yocheperako. Chifukwa chake n'chakuti njira yoperekera mafuta osakaniza a mpweya wabwino ndikuchotsa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya ndi wabwino kwambiri.

Koma ngati tiyerekeza carburetor 16 vavu ICE ndi jekeseni analogue, ndiye yachiwiri adzakhala wamphamvu kwambiri ndi ndalama chifukwa cha gawo laling'ono la mafuta pa sitiroko iliyonse kudya. Ntchito ya nozzles imayendetsedwa ndi zamagetsi, osati ndi sayansi yokha, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi carburetor.

Ndipo pamene injini imagwiritsa ntchito gawo losinthira, makina opangira mafuta okonzedwa bwino, zoyatsira ndi machitidwe ena, galimotoyo siidzakhala yowonjezereka, komanso idzadya mafuta ochepa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo idzatsatira miyezo ya chilengedwe.

Zambiri pazokhudza ubale womwe umakhalapo pakumwa ndi kuchuluka kwa ma injini oyaka mkati amafotokozedwa muvidiyoyi:

Kodi mafuta ndi kusamutsidwa kwa injini kumagwirizana bwanji?

Kusuntha kwa injini ndi torque ya injini

Gawo lina lomwe limakhudzidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa voliyumu ndi torque. Mphamvu yayikulu imatha kupezedwa pozungulira crankshaft m'galimoto yaying'ono chifukwa cha turbine (injini ya Ford EcoBoost ndi chitsanzo). Koma mphamvu ya masilinda ikakhala yaying'ono, kukankhira kocheperako kumakula pang'onopang'ono.

Mwachitsanzo, poyerekeza ndi eco-boost ya lita imodzi, dizilo ya 2.0-lita idzakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa, koma pa XNUMX rpm idzakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri.

Pachifukwa ichi, ma subcompact ndi othandiza kwambiri pamagalimoto a gofu, chifukwa ndi opepuka. Koma kwa premium sedans, minivans kapena pickups, mayunitsi amenewa si oyenera, chifukwa ali ndi torque pang'ono pa liwiro otsika ndi sing'anga, amene ndi wofunika kwambiri kwa magalimoto olemera.

Kukula kwa injini ndi gwero

Ndipo gawo lina lomwe limadalira mwachindunji kukula kwa masilindala ndi moyo wogwira ntchito wagawo lamagetsi. Poyerekeza injini ndi voliyumu 1.3 ndi 2.0 malita ndi mphamvu 130 ndiyamphamvu, n'zoonekeratu kuti kuti akwaniritse cholinga anafuna, 1.3-lita injini kuyaka mkati ayenera kupota kwambiri (kapena anaika turbine). Injini yokulirapo imatha kuthana ndi ntchitoyi mosavuta.

Kukula kwa injini ndi moyo wa injini

Nthawi zambiri dalaivala "amafinya madzi" kuchokera mugalimoto, momwemonso chipangizocho chimatha. Pachifukwa ichi, injini zamakono zoyaka mkati zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta ochepa komanso mphamvu zapamwamba kwambiri za voliyumu yawo zimakhala ndi vuto lalikulu - moyo wochepa wogwira ntchito. Ngakhale zili choncho, opanga ma automaker ambiri akupitiliza kupanga ma injini ang'onoang'ono, amphamvu kwambiri oyaka mkati. Nthawi zambiri, izi zimachitika kuti zikondweretse makampani omwe amayang'anira kutsatiridwa ndi miyezo ya chilengedwe.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa ICE ndi voliyumu yayikulu ndi yaying'ono

Oyendetsa galimoto ambiri, kusankha galimoto yatsopano, amatsogoleredwa osati ndi mapangidwe a galimoto ndi zipangizo zake, komanso kukula kwa injini. Winawake samayika malingaliro ambiri mu gawoli - nambala ndiyofunikira kwa iwo, mwachitsanzo, 3.0. Ena amamvetsetsa bwino kuchuluka kwa voliyumu mu injini yagalimoto yawo, komanso chifukwa chake.

Posankha izi, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti magalimoto ang'onoang'ono ndi magalimoto okhala ndi injini yoyaka mkati mwa volumetric ali ndi ma pluses ndi minuses. Choncho, kukula kwa ma silinda, mphamvu yaikulu ya unityo imakhala yaikulu. Izi zimawonjezera mphamvu yagalimoto, yomwe ndi kuphatikiza kosatsutsika, poyambira komanso podutsa. Galimoto yotereyi ikamayenda mumzinda, mphamvu yake siyenera kuzunguliridwa nthawi zonse kuti iyambe kuyenda pamene nyali zagalimoto zimasanduka zobiriwira. Komanso m'galimoto yotere, mutha kuyatsa choziziritsa mpweya bwinobwino popanda kuwonongeka kowonekera kwa idling.

Ma motors a Volumetric amakhala ndi moyo wautali wogwira ntchito poyerekeza ndi anzawo ang'onoang'ono. Chifukwa chake ndikuti dalaivala nthawi zambiri samabweretsa liwiro lalikulu (pali madera ochepa pomwe mphamvu yonse ya injini yoyaka moto ingagwiritsidwe ntchito). Galimoto yaying'ono, m'malo mwake, nthawi zambiri imagwira ntchito mothamanga kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, poyambira kapena posunthira ku zida zina. Kuti injini zoyatsira zamkati zocheperako zizitha kupangitsa kuti galimotoyo ikhale ndi mphamvu zabwino, opanga amawapangira ma turbocharger, omwe amachepetsanso moyo wawo wogwira ntchito.

Komabe, ma motors akulu samangowononga ndalama zambiri kuposa mayunitsi wamba. Kuipa kwina kwa injini zoyatsira zamkati zotere ndikuchulukirachulukira kwamafuta ndi antifreeze, komanso kukonza ndi kukonza kwawo ndikokwera mtengo. Pogula galimoto yokhala ndi injini yayikulu, woyendetsa galimoto ayenera kulipira msonkho wokwera kwambiri, ndipo pofunsira inshuwaransi, kuchuluka kwa zoperekazo kumagwirizananso mwachindunji ndi kuchuluka kwa unit.

Pachifukwa ichi, musanasankhe gulu lamphamvu kwambiri, muyenera kuganizira kuti panthawi yonseyi, woyendetsa galimoto amatha kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri kuposa mwiniwake wa injini yaing'ono yoyaka mkati, yomwe yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kale kukonzanso kwakukulu. cha motere.

Ubwino wa makina oyaka amkati amkati:

• mtengo wotsika mtengo ndikukonza magawo ena, mwachitsanzo, mabokosi ndi chisiki;
• kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta mwachuma;
• mtundu wa turbocharged umaphatikiza magwiridwe antchito apamwamba ndi katundu wochepa komanso voliyumu yaying'ono yogwira ntchito.

Kusamuka kwakukulu kwa injini - zabwino ndi zoyipa

Zoyipa zama injini okhala ndi kusuntha pang'ono:

• mphamvu ofooka, chifukwa chomwe galimoto ili ndi mphamvu zochepa;
• mphamvu zosakwanira;
• gwero la injini yotsika chifukwa choyendetsa pafupipafupi kwambiri;
• mtundu wa turbocharged ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri kusamalira.

Ubwino wama Motors abwino osunthira:

• mphamvu ndiyokwera kuposa anzawo azachuma;
• zowonjezera zida (injini imayenda mwachangu kwambiri pafupipafupi, motero imatenga nthawi yayitali);
• mphamvu zabwino (kuchita mopitirira nthawi zambiri muyenera kusinthana liwiro lotsika);
• kutentha msanga m'nyengo yozizira;
• zosintha mumlengalenga sizomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta azikhala abwino.

Zoyipa zama volumetric magetsi mayunitsi:

• kukonza ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa ndalama za analogue (muyenera kudzaza mafuta ambiri ndi ozizira, kukhazikitsa bokosi labwino, kuyimitsidwa ndi mabuleki);
• misonkho yayikulu pakulembetsanso (kugula kumsika wachiwiri) ndi chilolezo cha miyambo;
• kuchuluka mafuta.

Monga mukuwonera, kuchuluka kwa injini kumayenderana kwambiri ndi zinyalala zowonjezerapo, pamagalimoto ang'onoang'ono komanso ndi anzawo omwe ndi "osusuka". Poganizira izi, posankha kusinthidwa kwa galimoto potengera kusamutsidwa, woyendetsa aliyense ayenera kupitilira momwe galimoto ikuyendera.

Momwe mungasankhire galimoto - onani kanemayu:

Momwe mungasankhire galimoto, ndi injini iti yomwe ili yabwino?

Mbali ntchito magalimoto akuluakulu

Poyerekeza ndi magalimoto omwe ali ndi mphamvu yaying'ono komanso yaying'ono yosinthira magetsi, ndiye kuti injini zazikuluzikulu zimagwira ntchito bwino, komanso sizivutika ndi mtundu wa zovala zomwe ndizachilengedwe zazinjini zazing'ono zosunthira. Cholinga chake ndikuti gawo lamagetsi lotere siliyenera kupita kuthamanga kwambiri kuti likwaniritse mphamvu zofunika.

Mphamvu yamagetsi imakumana ndi katundu wambiri pokhapokha ngati galimotoyo yatenga nawo mbali pamipikisano yamasewera, mwachitsanzo, kulowerera (kuti mumve zambiri za njira iyi ya motorsport, werengani kubwereza kwina). Mutha kuwerenga za mpikisano wina wamasewera ndi magalimoto amphamvu apa.

Mphamvu yama volumetric ikagwiritsidwa ntchito munthawi zonse, imakhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe nthawi zonse imakhala yosagwiritsidwa ntchito pakagwa vuto ladzidzidzi. Zachidziwikire, "mbali yakuda" ya injini yayikulu yosunthira ndi mafuta ake ambiri. Komabe, kuti mugwiritse ntchito mafuta mopanda mafuta, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito molondola kutumizirana pamanja ngati pali kufalitsa koteroko m'galimoto, kapena sankhani njira yoyenera ngati loboti kapena makina othamanga. Ndemanga yapadera taphunzira maupangiri asanu ndi limodzi ogwiritsa ntchito makina.

Ngakhale kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, mota, yomwe sigwiritsa ntchito kuthekera kwake konse, imasamalira kilomita miliyoni kapena kupitilira popanda kukonza kwakukulu. Poyerekeza ndi injini zing'onozing'ono, izi ndizopulumutsa ndalama - ndikokwanira kukonza galimoto munthawi yake.

Chifukwa chiyani mawonekedwe amakono samangirizidwa ndi kusunthika kwa injini

M'mbuyomu, posankha mtundu wamagalimoto, titha kutsogozedwa ndi mayina amatebulo, mtundu womwe uyenera kuyang'aniridwa, chifukwa mbale iyi idawonetsa kusunthika kwa injini. Mwachitsanzo, mndandanda wachisanu wa BMW wokhala ndi mphamvu ya 3.5-lita idayikidwa kale pa chikwangwani cholembapo 535. Koma popita nthawi, opanga makina ochulukirapo adayamba kukonzekeretsa mitundu yawo ndi ma turbocharged kuti akweze mphamvu ya unit , koma lusoli lachepetsa kwambiri mafuta, komanso, limachepetsa ma cylinders. Pachifukwa ichi, kulembedwa pa mbale sikusintha.

Chitsanzo cha izi ndi Mercedes-Benz 63 AMG yotchuka. Poyamba, pansi pa nyumba anali 6.2-lita mwachilengedwe aspirated mphamvu wagawo. Koma automaker wakhala m'malo mwa injini iyi ndi 5.5-lita, injini zoyaka zamkati zamkati (za momwe makina ofanana a TwinTurbo amagwirira ntchito, werengani apa). Komabe, wopanga makinawa sasintha dzina la 63AMG kuti likhale loyenera kwambiri.

Kukhazikitsa turbocharger kumakupatsani mwayi wowonjezera mphamvu ya injini yachilengedwe, ngakhale mutachepetsa mphamvu yake. Tekinoloje ya Ecoboost ndi chitsanzo cha izi. Pomwe injini ya 1.6-lita yomwe ikufuna idzakhala ndi mahatchi 115 (momwe amawerengedwera, ndi chiyani, amauzidwa m'nkhani ina), mphamvu yokwanira lita imodzi ipanga mphamvu zokwanira 125 mahatchi, koma gwiritsani ntchito mafuta ochepa.

Kuphatikiza kwachiwiri kwa injini za turbo ndikuti makokedwe ndi mphamvu zapakatikati zimapezeka pama revs ochepera kuposa omwe amafunidwa, omwe amafunikira kutambasuka kwazomwe zimafunikira.

Kodi kukula kwa injini mu galimoto - 1,2 malita, 1,4 malita, 1,6 malita, ndi zina zotero.

Kulemba ndi manambala ofanana kumasonyeza kuchuluka kwa masilindala onse a injini. Izi si kuchuluka kwa mafuta kuti injini kuyaka mkati amafuna pa mkombero. Pamene pisitoni ili pansi pakatikati pakufa kwa sitiroko, voliyumu yambiri ya silinda imadzazidwa ndi mpweya ndi mafuta odzaza ndi atomu.

Ubwino wa osakaniza mpweya-mafuta zimadalira mtundu wa mafuta dongosolo (carburetor kapena jekeseni zosintha). Kuti kuyaka bwino kwa petulo, kilogalamu imodzi yamafuta imafunikira pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 14 a mpweya. Chifukwa chake, mu silinda imodzi, 1/14 yokha ya voliyumu imakhala ndi nthunzi yamafuta.

Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa silinda imodzi, muyenera voliyumu okwana, mwachitsanzo, malita 1.3 (kapena 1300 kiyubiki centimita), ogaŵikana ndi chiwerengero cha masilindala. Palinso chinthu monga kuchuluka kwa ntchito ya injini. Ichi ndi voliyumu yomwe imagwirizana ndi kutalika kwa kayendetsedwe ka pisitoni mu silinda.

Kusamuka kwa injini nthawi zonse kumakhala kocheperako kuposa kuchuluka konse, chifukwa sikuphatikiza miyeso ya chipinda choyaka moto. Chifukwa chake, muzolemba zaukadaulo pafupi ndi voliyumu ya mota pali manambala awiri osiyana.

Kusiyana pakati pa voliyumu ya petulo ndi injini ya dizilo

Mafuta a petulo ndi dizilo amachokera ku petroleum, koma momwe amapangidwira komanso momwe amagwiritsira ntchito injini zamagalimoto ndi zosiyana, choncho musamadzaze galimoto yanu ndi mafuta olakwika. Dizilo ndi mphamvu zambiri kuposa mafuta pa lita imodzi, ndipo kusiyana kwa momwe injini za dizilo zimagwirira ntchito zimawapangitsa kuti azigwira bwino ntchito kuposa anzawo amafuta.

Injini ya dizilo yofanana ndi injini yamafuta nthawi zonse imakhala yotsika mtengo. Izi zitha kukhala zosavuta kusankha pakati pa awiriwo, koma mwatsoka sichoncho, pazifukwa zingapo. Choyambamagalimoto dizilo ndi okwera mtengo, choncho nthawi zambiri muyenera kukhala mkulu mtunda dalaivala kuona phindu ndalama pa mtengo wapamwamba. Zina Chifukwa chinanso ndi chakuti magalimoto a dizilo amafunikira maulendo amtundu uliwonse kuti azikhala bwino, kotero ngati mukufunikira galimoto yoyendetsa mumzinda, dizilo singakhale njira yopitira. Chifukwa chachitatu ndikuti dizilo limatulutsa zowononga zambiri zakumaloko, monga nitrous oxide, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri mpweya. 

Dizilo ndi mafuta abwino oyenda maulendo ataliatali pamakwerero otsika, monga maulendo apamsewu. 

Mafuta, kumbali ina, nthawi zambiri amakhala abwino kwa magalimoto ang'onoang'ono ndipo amakhala otchuka kwambiri mu hatchbacks ndi superminis. 

Kanema pa mutuwo

Kanema wachidule uyu akulankhula za mawonekedwe a injini okhala ndi voliyumu yayikulu:

Nchifukwa chiyani mukufunikira injini YAKULU?

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi kuchuluka kwa injini kumatanthauza chiyani? Kuchuluka kwa injini kumatanthauza kuchuluka kwa zizindikilo zathunthu zamatayala onse. Chizindikiro ichi chikuwonetsedwa mu malita. Koma mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito masilindala onse ndi yocheperako, chifukwa imangoganizira za patsekera pomwe pisitoni imayenda. Chizindikiro ichi chimayezedwa mu masentimita a cubic. Mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsa ntchito injini yoyaka mkati ya masentimita a cubic 1992, amatchedwa mayunitsi awiri-lita.

Kusamutsidwa kwa injini komwe kuli bwino. Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito chida chamagetsi chokhala ndi voliyumu yayikulu. Ngakhale turbocharged unit yokhala ndi voliyumu yaying'ono imatha kukhala ndi mphamvu zochulukirapo poyerekeza ndi chimodzimodzi chomwe chimalakalaka, ili ndi chofupikitsa kwambiri chifukwa cha katundu wambiri. Makina oyaka moto amkati samadziwika kwambiri chifukwa woyendetsa samagwiritsa ntchito kuthamanga kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, zachidziwikire, muyenera kuwononga ndalama pamafuta. Koma ngati dalaivala samayendetsa pafupipafupi, izi sizingakhale kuwononga kwakukulu mchaka chimodzi. Ngati pagalimoto pali zotumiza zodziwikiratu m'galimoto, ndiye kuti muyenera kutenga galimoto yokhala ndi injini yama volumetric, popeza makinawo samayendetsa injini yoyaka mkati mwamphamvu mukamasinthira kuthamanga kwambiri. Kwa galimoto yaying'ono, kufalitsa pamanja ndikoyenera.

Momwe mungayesere kusamutsidwa kwa injini.  Izi zidzakuthandizani kudziwa zambiri zagalimoto. Ngati galimoto inayake ilibe buku lothandizira, kusaka kwa chidziwitso cha VIN-nambala kudzakuthandizani. Koma m'malo mwa mota, mfundoyi izikhala yosiyana kale. Kuti muwone izi, muyenera kuyang'ana nambala ya ICE ndi zolemba zake zilizonse. Kufunika kwa izi kumachitika pakukonza chipindacho. Kuti mudziwe voliyumu, muyenera kudziwa utali wozungulira wa silinda ndi kutalika kwa sitiroko ya pistoni (kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pakati pa BDC). Voliyumu yamphamvu ndiyofanana ndi malo ozungulira omwe amachulukitsidwa ndikutalika kwa sitiroko yogwirira ntchito, komanso nambala ya pi yanthawi zonse. Kutalika ndi utali wozungulira ziyenera kutchulidwa masentimita. Poterepa, voliyumu idzakhala cm³.