Zomwe mungasankhe: chosinthira kapena makina

Posachedwa, posankha bokosi lamagiya oyendetsa galimoto, woyendetsa galimoto anali ndi njira ziwiri zokha: wodziwongolera kapena makaniko. Padziko lonse lapansi, palibe chomwe chasintha pakadali pano, koma mawu oti "zodziwikiratu" atha kutanthauza mitundu yosachepera inayi yoperekera, yomwe imasiyana mosiyanasiyana pakupanga. Ndipo zofala kwambiri izi ndizosintha kapena CVT. Ndiye kodi wokonda magalimoto ayenera kusankha chiyani: chosinthira kapena makaniko? M'nkhaniyi tiona makhalidwe awo, ubwino ndi kuipa kwake ndi kufananiza iwo wina ndi mnzake. Nkhaniyi ikuthandizani kupanga chisankho posankha galimoto, komanso, ngati mwagula kale galimoto yokhala ndi chosinthira, ndibwino kumvetsetsa kapangidwe ka galimoto yanu kuti igwire ntchito. Nkhaniyi ndikuti athandize onse okonda kuyendetsa galimoto komanso woyendetsa bwino ntchito.

Kutumiza Kwamanja

Chipangizo ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito kufalitsa kwamanja

Bokosi lamagetsi lamagetsi ndi gawo limodzi lamagalimoto oyendetsera galimoto ndipo lakonzedwa kuti lisinthe makokedwe kuchokera ku injini kukula komanso kulowera (kutembenukira kumbuyo). Kutumiza kwamawu kumawerengedwa kuti ndi achikale ndipo amasiyanitsidwa ndi kudalirika komanso kuphweka.

Kutumiza kwamakina kumaphatikizapo:

• thupi (crankcase);
• migodi ndi magiya (pali 2 ndi 3 shaft);
• kusintha zida;
• kusintha makina;
• cholumikizira;
• masensa amagetsi.

Thupi limapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, imakhala yolumikizira zotayidwa, koma zimachitika kuti aloyi ya magnesium imatengedwa ngati maziko. Chitsulo chachikulu cha magnesium alloy ndi chopepuka komanso cholimba.

Zinthu zonse za gearbox zili mnyumba, kupatula chosinthira choyikapo chomwe chidayikidwa munyumba. Chotsekacho chimadzazidwa ndi mafuta opatsira, omwe amafunikira kuti zinthu zonse zizikhala bwino pansi pa katundu aliyense.

Shaft yoyamba imagwirizanitsidwa ndi injini pogwiritsa ntchito clutch, ndipo shaft yachiwiri imagwirizanitsidwa ndi cardan kapena masiyanidwe ndi kuyendetsa kwamagudumu oyendetsa galimoto. Zitsulozo zimalumikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito magiya awiriawiri.

Mukasindikiza chojambulira ndikunyamula zida zofunikira, shaft yolowetsayo imadulidwa mu injini ndipo magiya amatembenuka momasuka. Dalaivala akatulutsa chomenyera cholumikizira, shaft yolowetsayo imatenga makokedwe kuchokera mu injini ndikuipititsa ku shaft yotulutsa, potero imasamutsira mphamvuyo ku mawilo oyendetsa.

Pogwiritsa ntchito zida zosalala komanso zosasunthika, bokosi lamagalimoto limakhala ndi ma synchronizers omwe amafanizira kuthamanga kwa magiya. Kuthamanga kwa magiya kumadalira mtundu wa cholumikizira ndi magwiridwe ake oyenera, motero, bokosi lonse lamagetsi lonse.

Ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito buku ndiyomveka komanso yosavuta, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ikhale yotchuka komanso yodalirika poyendetsa galimoto. Zimango zakhalapo zosasintha kwanthawi yayitali. Njira yoyenera makaniko m'njira zonse, makamaka potengera kuchuluka kwa mtengo / mtundu, sichinawoneke.

Ubwino ndi zovuta zopezeka pamanja

Kutumiza pamanja kuli ndi zabwino komanso zoyipa zonse.

Zinthu zabwino zomwe zimangochitika ndi:

1. Mtengo wotsika ndi kulemera kwa bokosilo poyerekeza ndi ma gearbox ena.
2. Ntchito yotsika mtengo.
3. Kuthekera kwanthawi yayitali yolekerera ngolo.
4. Kupanga kosavuta komanso kosasinthika.
5. Kuonetsetsa kuti galimoto ikuyenda bwino nthawi yayitali komanso m'malo ovuta.
6. Kuchita bwino kwambiri, motero, chuma chamafuta ndi mphamvu zowonjezera.
7. Kuyendetsa galimoto mpaka patali.

Zoyipa zama bokosi opanga ndi monga:

1. Kuvuta kwa kasamalidwe.
2. Omaliza maphunziro osunthira (osayendetsa bwino).
3. Kufunika kosinthira kwa clutch nthawi ndi nthawi.

Makanikowo ndioyenera pafupifupi magalimoto onse. Zatsimikizira kuti ndizabwino pakugwiritsa ntchito makina pamayendedwe amisewu, mukamanyamula katundu, komanso mukamayendetsa kalavani.

Ngati nthawi zina zimangochitika pamafunika makina, ndiye kuti nthawi zina pamakhala kuyikika mgalimoto kuti musunge ndalama zogulira ndi kukonza. M'magalimoto ang'onoang'ono kapena otchipa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo opepuka, kufalitsa kwachangu kapena chosinthira ndikofunikira, koma, chifukwa chokwera mtengo kwawo, zimango zimayikidwa patsogolo.

Mutha kuwerenga zambiri zakufalitsa kwamankhwala munkhani yathu yolumikizira.

CVT monga mtundu wa kufalikira kwadzidzidzi

Chosinthira, monga gearbox iliyonse, ndichida chomwe chimasunthira makokedwe kuchokera ku injini kupita ku mawilo ndikusintha pamalire ena. Kutumiza kumachitika mosasunthika mkati mwazomwe zimakonzedweratu. M'Chingerezi, chosinthacho chimatchedwa CVT (Continuously Variable Transmission), chomwe chimatha kutanthauziridwa kuti "kufalitsa ndimagawo osinthira mosalekeza."

Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa kusiyanasiyana ndi kufalitsa pamanja, pomwe magiya aliwonse amatengera zida zamagetsi zapadera, ndikusintha kopanda tanthauzo mu magiya. Kuphatikiza apo, kusintha kwamagalimoto kumachitika zokha, ndiye kuti, palibe chifukwa chosinthira magalasi ndi manja anu ndikugwiritsa ntchito zowalamulira.

Vuto losasunthika limalola kuyendetsa bwino popanda kugwedezeka. Galimoto imathamanga kwambiri kuposa makina. Kuthamanga kwa injini sikusiyana, koma nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosasintha.

Kutengera mtundu wazomwe zilipo, pali mitundu itatu yayikulu yosinthira:

• V-lamba, womwe maziko ake ndi lamba wotambasulidwa pakati pamatumba awiri;
• unyolo - chimodzimodzi V-lamba, koma unyolo umagwira ngati lamba;
• toroidal, wopangidwa ndi zimbale ndi odzigudubuza.

Ntchito ya kusiyanasiyana ndikuwonetsetsa kuti injini ikugwira bwino ntchito posintha makokedwe mosalekeza. Izi zimatsimikizira zabwino zazikulu zamtunduwu, monga:

1. Zolemba malire ntchito injini mphamvu.
2. Mafuta mafuta.
3. Mosalekeza stepless mathamangitsidwe.

Kuyenda mosadukiza komanso kusowa kwa ma jerks kumalola kuti driver azisangalala ndi ulendowu, makamaka m'mizinda.

Zosinthazi sizikhala ndi zovuta, monga:

1. Zovuta kukhazikitsa pagalimoto zamphamvu.
2. Katundu wapamwamba poyendetsa msewu.
3. Yosayenera kukoka, kuyenda kosasintha pamathamanga komanso kuyenda mwachangu mwadzidzidzi.
4. Masensa osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa. Kusakhala kwa chizindikiro kuchokera ku sensa iliyonse kumatha kubweretsa kugwiranso ntchito kwachinyengo.
5. Moyo wa lamba wochepa komanso kusinthitsa pafupipafupi zida zamadzimadzi zamtengo wapatali.
6. Zodula ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosatheka kukonza. Nthawi zina zimakhala zosavuta kusintha chosinthira kuposa kuchikonza.

Zambiri pazakusintha (CVT) zitha kupezeka m'nkhani yathu yolumikizira.

Fotokozani

Nthawi siyimaima. Okonza ma CVT akuchita zonse zotheka kuti akwaniritse zowongolera, kudalirika kowonjezera komanso kuthekera kogwira ntchito munjira zovuta za mseu. Variator ndi gearbox yodalirika kwambiri, ndipo makinawo ndi bokosi lamagetsi lomwe lingagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi zonse, ngakhale pali zovuta zina poyendetsa.