SUV ndi chiyani?

Ambiri, pogula SUV kapena crossover, sangathe kusiyanitsa mawu awiriwa ndipo, monga chomaliza, sangathe kumvetsa cholinga chenicheni cha chitsanzo.

Crossover ndi mtundu wapadera, woyimirira wa SUV. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa magalimoto awiriwa kumadalira luso ndi kapangidwe kake, mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso kukula kwa mitundu iyi.

Galimoto yopanda msewu, ndiyonso yapamsewu, ntchito yayikulu ndikuigwiritsa ntchito pamisewu iliyonse, makamaka yopanda msewu, ndiye kuti, madera omwe ali ndi kuthekera kopitilira mtunda. Zachidziwikire kuti itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'misewu yamatawuni, koma mwayi wake ndikugwiritsa ntchito misewu yoyipa kwambiri, monga mchenga, matalala oyenda matalala, minda ndi malo ena ofanana.

Crossover ndi mtundu wa kusakaniza kwa galimoto ndi SUV. Choyambirira pakugwiritsa ntchito chimaperekedwa pakuyendetsa magalimoto wamba mumzinda. Komanso, mitundu yambiri ya crossover ndi yamtundu wamtundu. Galimoto iyi ndi yabwino kugwira ntchito kunja kwa mzinda, mwachitsanzo, tchuthi labanja mwachilengedwe.

История

Lohner Porshe, wopangidwa ndi Fredinard Porsche mu 1900 ndikudziyimitsa pawokha pamayendedwe onse anayi, amadziwika kuti ndiye kholo la ma SUV.

Kumayambiriro kwa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, asilikali a ku America ankafuna magalimoto amphamvu okhala ndi luso lowonjezereka lopanga dziko lonse. Umu ndi momwe Ford GP idapangidwira ndi Willys ndi Ford. Chidule cha GP adatcha galimotoyo "Jeep", yomwe idapereka dzina lotere kwa magalimoto onse otsatira amtundu uwu. Patapita nthawi, mtundu wa anthu wamba unapangidwa.

"Jeep" lodziwika bwino anakhala maziko a kupanga SUVs onse makampani magalimoto.

Mawu akuti "SUV" adawonekera mu 90s kuti apewe mavuto ndi Chrysler Corporation, yomwe ili ndi chizindikiro cha Jeep.

Kodi SUV ndi chiyani: tanthauzo

Galimoto yopanda msewu ndimayendedwe onse oyenda msewu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'misewu yamitundu yonse, komanso msewu. Makhalidwe apabanja yopita kumtunda ndi chilolezo cha pansi, zida zoyendetsa magudumu anayi ndi ma gear otsika. Chifukwa cha mtunda wofunikira pakati pa malo othandizira, chilolezo cha pansi ndi mawilo akulu, SUV imatha kuthana ndi malo ovuta mosavuta.

Galimoto yamtunduwu imadziwika ndi kumasuka komanso kukula kwa kanyumba, chuma komanso, chofunikira kwambiri, patency yapanjira.

Kutumiza

Kutumiza ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamakina onse a powertrain.

Kwa ma SUV ndi ma crossovers, pali mitundu yotsatsira:

1. Kuyendetsa gudumu lonse mosalekeza. Mfundo yamtunduwu ndikusamutsa makokedwe kuchokera ku injini kupita ku matayala amgalimoto, ndiye kuti, kufalikira munthawi yomweyo kumagudumu onse.

2. Kulumikiza kwa magudumu onse ndi mtundu wodziwikiratu. Galimoto yamtunduwu imalumikizidwa yokha pomwe limodzi lamagudumu oyendetsa likutsetsereka. Magalimoto omwe ali ndimayendedwe amtunduwu ndioyenera kugwira ntchito m'misewu yozizira komanso yamchenga.

3. Kulumikiza zonse zoyendetsa ndi mtundu wamakina. Mtundu wokhawo womwe palibe kusiyana pakati, zomwe zimapangitsa mtunduwu kukhala wosavuta komanso wotsika mtengo kuyigwiritsa ntchito. Kuyendetsa kumeneku sikunapangidwe kuti kugwiritsidwe ntchito kosatha, koma pokhapokha panjira.

Kuthamanga magalimoto

Kuyendetsa galimoto ndi imodzi mwanjira zofunikira pamakina. Ndi kuyimitsidwa kumene kuthekera kwake kwa mtunda wodutsa komanso kuchuluka kwa galimotoyo kumadalira.

Pali mitundu ingapo yamagalimoto:

1. Ndi kudalira kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Mfundo yaikulu ya kuyimitsidwa uku ikudalira kayendetsedwe ka magudumu onse kuchokera wina ndi mnzake, chifukwa mawilowo ndi ofanana ndipo amakhala ndi mgwirizano wolimba wina ndi mnzake.

2. Ndi kuyimitsidwa palokha kwa mawilo onse. Chodziwika bwino ndi kudziyimira pawokha kwa gudumu lililonse, lomwe lili ndi dongosolo lake lokhazikika. Mosiyana ndi kuyimitsidwa kodalira - mu gudumu ili ndi chitsulo chothandizira kulibe.

Thupi

Ma SUV amenewa amakhala ndi matupi osiyanasiyana. Kwa mitundu yonse ya matupi, zina zofananira zidzakhala zofunikira, mwachitsanzo, m'mayendedwe akulu a magudumu, chilolezo chokwera, zida zokhala ndi injini yamphamvu, ndi zina zambiri.

Mitundu yoyamba yopanda zoyesera yamagalimoto amsewu idaperekedwa mthupi la otembenuka. Thupi longa boti limapangidwa ndi chitsulo chopanda makhoma ammbali. Mtundu uwu unali wofunikira kwambiri kunkhondo. Mtundu wanthawi zonse umapangidwa ndi lamba wosinthika wapamwamba. M'kupita kwanthawi, ma loloulo adasinthidwa ndi pulasitiki, koma mitundu iyi siyikutumizidwa kumsika.

Njira ina yosinthira titha kuyiwona ngati SUV yokhala ndi thupi, chabwino, yodziwika ndi kutseguka pang'ono. Pa mitundu yambiri, mawonekedwe am'mbuyo anali osunthika komanso osunthika.

Bungwe la station wagon limatengedwa kuti ndilo "padziko lonse" potengera mtengo wake. Magalimoto ambiri akunja amapangidwa m'zitseko zisanu. Thupi ili limadziwika ndi malo otakasuka, "madenga apamwamba". Magalimoto ena amakhala ndi mzere wachitatu wa mipando yomwe ili m'chipinda chonyamula katundu.

Ma Coupe SUV amapangidwa mocheperapo kuposa ma SUV ena okhala ndi thupi losiyana. Thupi ili limadziwika makamaka ndi kanyumba kakang'ono konyamula katundu komanso malo ochepa pampando wakumbuyo.

Chiwerengero chochepa cha ma SUV amawonetsedwa ngati ma minibus. Mtundu uwu umaphatikiza mawonekedwe a chitonthozo ndi kuthekera kwamtunda. Chiwerengero cha ma minibus ngati awa ndi ochepa ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magulu ankhondo ndi kafukufuku.

Pakadali pano, ma SUV onse atha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri:

1. Ndi chimango thupi. Thupi la chimango lidagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magalimoto oyamba ndipo mapangidwe ake akugwiritsidwabe ntchito mpaka pano. Ubwino wake waukulu ndikunyamula galimoto. Pansi pa kapangidwe kake ndi chitsulo cholemera chomwe chimakhazikika thupi ndi chisisi.

2. Ndi thupi lokhalokha, lomwe lidalowa m'malo mwa chimango chimodzi ndipo ndichinthu chamakono kwambiri. Magalimoto okhala ndi mtundu wamtunduwu sakhala olemera kwambiri chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kolemera kwambiri komanso kukhazikika kokwanira.

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya ma SUV

Popeza SUV ndi galimoto yodutsa dziko, ili ndi mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana, yomwe sayenera kuphatikizira magalimoto okha, komanso magalimoto ena, makamaka magalimoto ankhondo, mpaka magalimoto a KAMAZ ndi magalimoto otayira omwe amapangidwira ntchito yomanga miyala.

SUV iliyonse imadziwika ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe idzawonetseke munthawi zotsatirazi:

1. Mtundu wamagetsi. Mwachitsanzo, injini ya dizilo imawerengedwa kuti ndi yamphamvu kwambiri komanso yopindulitsa kwambiri kuposa injini ya mafuta, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mafuta kwambiri komanso kuchepa kwa injini.

2. Mitundu ya mapendeketi osiyanasiyana. Galimoto iliyonse imakhala ndi kuyimitsidwa kosiyana komwe kumakhudza momwe ikuyendera.

3. Yendetsani. Ma SUV ambiri amakhala ndi magalimoto anayi, koma palinso chosinthira, chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi wosintha kuchokera pagudumu lamagalimoto anayi kupita kutsogolo kapena kumbuyo.

4. Kukula kwa kanyumba ndi kuchuluka kwa mipando yokwera.

Banja

Ma Coupe SUVs amapezeka kwambiri pakati mpaka kukula kwathunthu. Mwa mtundu uwu, mawonekedwe onse amtundu wa galimoto yopanda msewu asakanikirana: chilolezo chokwera, magudumu anayi, mphamvu yama injini ndi mawilo akulu. Chassis ya mitundu iyi imawayika ngati magalimoto am'mizinda kuposa magalimoto amisewu omwe ali okonzeka kuyesedwa panjira.

Zamkatimu

Ma SUV apakatikati akufunika kwambiri potengera chiŵerengero cha khalidwe ndi mtengo. Mtundu uwu ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri: imadziwika ndi malo okhala ndi malo ambiri komanso kukula kochititsa chidwi mbali imodzi, kagwiridwe ndi chuma chokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta.

Kulemera

Ma SUV olemera amalamulira kwambiri kulemera kwa magalimoto okwera. Ma SUV olemera amakhala ndi mawonekedwe olimba, akulu. Makhalidwe apamwamba amafanana ndi dzina lokha: mphamvu yayikulu ndi kusunthira kwa injini, motero, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kukula kwakukulu, kulemera ndi luso, makinawa ali ndi magwiridwe antchito kwambiri mukamagwiritsa ntchito zovuta panjira.

Chimango

Kapangidwe ka chimango sichinasinthe kwenikweni kuyambira kupanga magalimoto oyamba. Chofunika cha ntchitoyi ndi chodziwikiratu: chinthu chachikulu ndi chimango chomwe thupi limayikidwa, ndipo ma axel adakhazikika pansi. Kapangidwe ka chimango chimakupatsani mwayi wowonjezera mphamvu za SUV potero kupirira katundu wolemera.

Momwe ma crossovers amasiyana ndi ma SUV

Yankho la funso ili lidzakhala losokoneza. Choyamba, tisaiwale kuti crossover ndi mtundu wa SUV. Mitundu iwiriyi ili ndi mawonekedwe akunja ofanana, kusiyana kokha ndikumapangidwe kamangidwe, komanso magudumu onse ofanana, malo okwera komanso malo okhala.

Zinthu zazikuluzikulu zogawidwa zili mgalimoto: crossover imadziwika ndi kapangidwe kameneka, ndipo SUV ili ndi thupi lolemera kwambiri lamphamvu kwambiri, monga umboni wa kulemera kwake kwakukulu.

Udindo waukulu umasewera ndi mawilo agalimoto, omwe ndi matayala. Monga lamulo, matayala ang'onoang'ono amaikidwa pa crossovers, ndipo matayala amtundu wovuta komanso wokhotakhota amaikidwa pa ma SUV.

Ma SUV ali ndi kuyimitsidwa kwamagudumu, komwe kumadziwika ndi kalunzanitsidwe posintha magudumu chifukwa chazitsulo zofananira, pomwe ma crossovers ali ndi matayala osadalirana.

Muyezo zofunika kwambiri - funso passability a galimoto. Ngati SUV yapangidwa kokha malo ovuta komanso msewu, ndiye kuti crossover ili ndi ntchito ziwiri: choyambirira, idapangidwira misewu wamba yamzinda, ndipo chachiwiri yopanda msewu. Ndi SUV yokhayo yomwe ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuyambira magalimoto amigodi mpaka magalimoto ankhondo, crossover imapangidwira maulendo amisewu komanso mayendedwe akumizinda.

Mitundu yotchuka ya SUV ndi zopangidwa

Msika wapadziko lonse umadzazidwanso ndi mitundu yatsopano chaka chilichonse, koma osati magalimoto atsopano okha omwe atchuka pakati pa ogula. Gawo la SUV (ma SUV ndi ma crossovers) limawonedwa ndi akatswiri angapo ochokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana. Titalemba zisankho za akatswiriwa, kufunika kwa magalimoto ndi zina zofunika, tikukuuzani zamtundu wotchuka kwambiri wa ma SUV.

Pafupifupi 1 miliyoni yamagalimoto a Toyota RAV4 adagulidwa chaka chatha. Crossover yamtengo wapatali iyi idakopa chidwi cha ogula chifukwa cha kuyendetsa kwamagudumu ake onse komanso mtengo wotsika kwambiri kuposa magalimoto ena apamwamba. Zachidziwikire, izi sizinthu zonse zomwe zapangitsa kufunika kwakukulu. Makinawa ali ndi luso lapamwamba, makamaka mu injini yaukadaulo wapamwamba yomwe imakhala ndi ziwonetsero zambiri, zomwe zimathandizanso kupeza mphamvu zazikulu. Kupanga kwina kumawerengedwa kuti ndi mitundu itatu yotumizira nthawi imodzi. Kuti mutonthozedwe kwambiri, pali kayendedwe ka nyengo kawiri, kayendedwe kaulendo, makina olowera opanda zingwe ndi zina zambiri. Kunja ndi mkatimo mwawo muli kalembedwe kabwino kwambiri kamakono komanso kapamwamba. Mphamvu zothamangitsira kwambiri zomwe zili ndi zizindikiritso zatsopano komanso zaluso, zachilendo za kalembedwe mkati ndi kunja ndikupereka zinthu zabwino, kuyika Toyota SUV pakati pa atsogoleri pazogulitsa.

Atapereka utsogoleri ku RAV4, Japan Honda CR-V ndiyotchuka kwambiri. Mibadwo ingapo ya SUV yapeza chidwi chachikulu pamsika. Galimoto ili ndi kapangidwe kopitilira muyeso, kowonekera bwino mthupi, nyali, ndi hood yayitali. Kunja kwa SUV kumawoneka mwamasewera, ndipo mkati mwake mulinso malo ake owerengeka komanso zosankha zingapo zomwe zidapangidwa kuti zithandizire okwera. Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe akunja, mitunduyo imakhala ndi chidziwitso chaukadaulo, mitundu ingapo yamphamvu zamagetsi, zida zamagudumu onse, zomwe pamodzi zimapangitsa SUV yamphamvu komanso yodalirika. 2018 inali yopambana kwenikweni pa CR-V, kuchuluka kwa zogula kudakwera pafupifupi 1 miliyoni ndipo galimotoyo idalandiranso mphotho 7 kuchokera kumabungwe odziwika bwino azamalonda padziko lonse lapansi.

German Volkswagen Tiguan ndi mmodzi wa atsogoleri mu SUVs. Chitsanzo ichi chili ndi mibadwo ingapo, koma chinali chotsiriza chomwe chinapangitsa kuti chitsanzo cha Tiguan chikhale chachikulu kwambiri kwa kampani ya galimoto. Mu 2019, mitundu yoposa 910 idagulitsidwa, ndipo malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa chaka chino, Tiguan yagulitsa zoposa 6 miliyoni kuyambira 2007. Mbadwo wachiwiri wa galimotoyo uli ndi makhalidwe apamwamba aukadaulo ndi zida za zida. Kusintha kulikonse kumakhala ndi zake, mawonekedwe apadera akunja ndi zosankha zoperekera chitonthozo. Zokongoletsera zamkati zapamwamba komanso zapamwamba zimaganiziridwa pang'ono kwambiri ndikukulolani kuti muyike Tiguan pamlingo wa magalimoto okwera mtengo kwambiri. Zosankha zomwe zili mkati mwa kanyumbako zimaganiziridwanso pang'onopang'ono, mpaka kutenthetsa mipando ndi sockets kuti zipereke chitonthozo chachikulu. Tiguan ili ndi magudumu onse komanso injini yamphamvu. Makamaka SUV iyi imakhala yosalala ikamakona ndi liwiro ponyamula liwiro, komanso galimotoyo imakhala ndi mitundu ingapo yoyendetsa kutengera momwe msewu uliri komanso nyengo. Okonzeka ndi dongosolo nzeru kukhalapo kwa masensa kutsogolo kwa galimoto, izo analengedwa kwa chitetezo chokulirapo, popeza galimoto amatha kusunga liwiro lina ndi kukhala pa mtunda womwewo kuchokera galimoto kutsogolo.

Crossover ya Hyundai Tucson yafika pamsika mwaphokoso ndipo yatchuka. Mwa mitundu yomwe yasinthidwa, mtundu wa 2019 umayenera kuyang'aniridwa mwapadera. Tucson yatsopano ili ndi kapangidwe kake kopitilira muyeso, makamaka mu grille, bonnet ndi kusintha kosangalatsa komwe kumawoneka ngati masewera. Zinthu zakunja ndi zamkati tsopano zili ndi utoto wolondola. Kanyumba ali okonzeka ndi umisiri zapamwamba, ndi ergonomics woyenera kutamandidwa mwapadera. Makhalidwe apamwamba amadziwika mosiyana, makamaka injini yamphamvu komanso kutumiza kwabwino. Mtengo ndi kudalirika kwagalimoto zili pamwamba, ndipo mtengo wotsika umakopa ogula.

Kampani yamagalimoto ya Kia Motors yatulutsa Sportage SUV, yomwe yakhala yotchuka osati pakati pa mitundu ina ya kampaniyo, komanso yatchuka kwambiri pamsika wapadziko lonse. Mwa mibadwo 4 yomwe idapangidwa, womaliza amadziwika kuti ndi wofunidwa kwambiri. Kunja kochititsa chidwi kwakunja komanso kwamakono, kuphatikizika ndi injini yotsimikizika komanso yamphamvu, kunapangitsa SUV kukhala yokongola komanso yamphamvu, pomwe zida zokhala ndi njira zatsopano zotonthoza komanso mtengo wotsika wagalimoto zidapangitsa kuti anthu azifuna kwambiri.

Imodzi mwa ma SUV otchuka ndi Nissan Qashqai. Kutulutsidwa m'mibadwo iwiri, galimotoyo idatchuka ngakhale kutulutsa koyamba mu 2006. Mbadwo wachiwiri womasulidwa umapambana kwambiri woyamba. Kapangidwe kamakono kagalimoto, kapangidwe kake ka mkati ndi zida zomwe zili ndi injini yamphamvu zachulukitsa kufunika pamsika. Chiwerengero cha zogula chakula ngakhale kuwonjezeka kwakukulu pamtengo wachitsanzo.