Kodi turbocharger ndi chiyani?

Mpaka zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, ma turbo injini anali kuzindikiridwa ngati gawo la magalimoto osangalatsa mtsogolo kapena masewera okongola apakompyuta. Ndipo ngakhale atakhazikitsa lingaliro labwino la njira yosavuta yowonjezera mphamvu zamagetsi, mwayi uwu udakhalabe mwayi wazida zamafuta. Masiku ano, pafupifupi galimoto iliyonse yomwe imachokera pamsonkhano imakhala ndi turbo system, mosasamala kanthu kuti ikuyenda mafuta otani.

Pa liwiro lalitali kapena lokwera, injini yabwinobwino yamagalimoto imadzaza kwambiri. Pofuna kuyendetsa bwino ntchito yake, pulogalamu idapangidwa yomwe imatha kuwonjezera mphamvu zamagalimoto popanda kusokoneza mawonekedwe amkati.

Kuphatikiza pakukopa kuthekera kwa injini, mfundo ya "turbo" imathandizira pakuyeretsa kwakukulu kwa mpweya wa utsi, pogwiritsa ntchito kwawo ndikukonzanso. Ndipo izi ndizofunikira pakukonzanso zachilengedwe, zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zamabungwe ambiri apadziko lonse omwe akumenyera kuteteza chilengedwe.

Turbocharging ili ndi zovuta zina zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha poyatsira msanga chisakanizo choyaka. Koma mbali iyi - chifukwa chovala mwachangu ma pistoni muzitsulo - imayendetsedwa bwino ndi mafuta osankhidwa moyenera, omwe amafunika kupaka ziwalo pomwe injini ya turbo ikuyendera.  

Kodi chopangira mphamvu kapena turbocharger mgalimoto ndi chiyani?

Kuchita bwino kwa galimoto yokhala ndi "turbo" kumawonjezeka ndi 30 - 50%, kapena ngakhale 100%, yamphamvu zake. Ndipo izi ngakhale zili choncho chifukwa chipangizocho pachokha sichotsika mtengo, chimakhala ndi misa yaying'ono komanso voliyumu, ndipo chimagwira ntchito molingana ndi mfundo yosavuta yanzeru.

Chipangizocho chimapangitsa kukakamizidwa kwakukulu mu injini yoyaka mkati chifukwa cha jakisoni wowonjezera wa mpweya wowonjezera, womwe umapanga kuchuluka kwakusakaniza kwa mafuta-gasi, ndipo ikayaka, mphamvu yamainjini imakulanso 40-60%.

Makina okhala ndi turbo amakhala opindulitsa kwambiri osasintha kapangidwe kake. Pambuyo poyika chida chodzichepetsa, injini yamagetsi yotsika 4-cylinder imatha kupereka kuthekera kwa ntchito kwa masilindala 8.

Kunena mosavuta, chopangira mphamvu ndi gawo losawoneka bwino koma lothandiza kwambiri pa injini yagalimoto yomwe imathandizira kukulitsa magwiridwe antchito a "mtima" wamagalimoto osagwiritsa ntchito mafuta mosafunikira pobwezeretsanso mphamvu ya mpweya wotulutsa utsi.

Kodi ma injini ndi ma turbocharger omwe adaikapo

Zipangizo zamakono zamakina okhala ndi makina amtundu wamagetsi ndizothamanga kwambiri kuposa momwe zimayambira poyambira mu injini zamafuta. Kuti mudziwe njira yabwino kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito, zida zoyambirira zidagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto othamanga, chifukwa chomwe adayamba kutsatira:

· Pakompyuta ulamuliro;

Kutentha kwamadzimadzi pamakoma azida;

· Mitundu yambiri yamafuta;

· Zinthu zosagwira kutentha thupi.

Zochitika zotsogola kwambiri zapangitsa kuti zitheke kugwiritsa ntchito "turbo" system pafupifupi injini iliyonse, kaya ndi gasi, petulo kapena dizilo. Kuphatikiza apo, kuzungulira kwa crankshaft (m'mikwapu iwiri kapena inayi) ndi njira yozizira: kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya kapena madzi, sikuthandiza.

Kuphatikiza pa magalimoto ndi magalimoto omwe ali ndi injini yopitilira 80 kW, dongosololi lapeza ntchito m'mayendedwe a dizilo, zida zomanga misewu ndi injini zam'madzi zomwe zikuwonjezeredwa ndi 150 kW.

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito chopangira galimoto

Chofunika cha turbocharger ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito a injini yamagetsi otsika omwe ali ndi zonenepa zochepa komanso mafuta ochepa pobwezeretsanso mpweya wa utsi. Zotsatira zake zingakhale zodabwitsa: mwachitsanzo, injini yamphamvu itatu yamphamvu imatha kupereka mphamvu 90 pamahatchi popanda mafuta owonjezera, komanso chisonyezo chaubwenzi wabwino wazachilengedwe.

Dongosololi limagwira ntchito mophweka: mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito - mpweya - sathawira mumlengalenga nthawi yomweyo, koma amalowa mu rotor ya chopangira chophatikizira chitoliro cha utsi, chomwe chimakhala chimodzimodzi ndi chowombera mpweya. Mpweya wotentha umazungulira masamba a turbo system, ndipo imayambitsa shaft, yomwe imathandizira kuti mpweya uziyenda mumadzi ozizira. Mpweya wothinikizidwa ndi gudumu, kulowa mgululi, umagwira pamakina a injini ndikumapanikizika, kukulitsa mphamvu yamafuta amafuta amafuta, kumathandizira kukulitsa mphamvu yama unit.

Zikuoneka kuti kuti injini igwire bwino ntchito, simufunikira mafuta ochulukirapo, koma mpweya wokwanira wokwanira (womwe ndi waulere kwathunthu), womwe, utaphatikizidwa ndi mafuta, umawonjezera mphamvu yake (kuchita bwino).

Mapangidwe a Turbocharger

Chosinthira mphamvu ndi makina opangidwa ndi zinthu ziwiri: chopangira mphamvu ndi kompresa, zomwe zimagwiranso ntchito yofunikira pakukulitsa mphamvu yamagetsi pamakina aliwonse. Zipangizo zonsezi zili pa chitsulo cholimba chimodzi (shaft), chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi masamba (mawilo) amapanga ma rotor awiri ofanana: chopangira mphamvu ndi kompresa, zoyikidwa m'nyumba zofananira ndi nkhono.

Makhalidwe:

· Thupi lamoto lotentha (thupi). Zimatengera mpweya wotulutsa utsi womwe umayendetsa rotor. Kupanga, spheroidal chitsulo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, chimapilira kutentha kwamphamvu.

· Impeller (gudumu) la chopangira mphamvu, chokhazikika pamizere yofananira. Kawirikawiri amaimitsidwa kuti asatengeke.

· Center katiriji nyumba zokhala ndi mayendedwe pakati pa mawilo ozungulira.

· Cold compressor volute (thupi). Pambuyo popumula shaft, mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito amakoka mpweya wowonjezera. Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi aluminium.

· Choyimiritsa cha kompresa (gudumu) chomwe chimapondereza mpweya ndikuupereka kunjira yolowera pansi pamavuto akulu.

· Kupereka mafuta ndi kukhetsa njira zoziziritsa pang'ono za magawo, kupewa LSPI (kuyatsa kocheperako), kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta.

Kapangidwe kake kamagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi kuchokera kumizime yotulutsa kuti iwonjezere mphamvu yamagetsi popanda mafuta owonjezera.

Turbine (turbocharger) imagwira ntchito

Ntchito turbo dongosolo zachokera kuwonjezeka makokedwe, amene amathandiza kuonjezera dzuwa la galimoto makina a. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizocho sikungogwiritsidwa ntchito pagalimoto zonyamula okha komanso magalimoto othandizira. Pakadali pano, ma turbocompressor okhala ndi matayala kuyambira 220 mm mpaka 500 mm amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina ambiri amaofesi, zombo, ndi sitima za dizilo. Izi ndichifukwa cha zabwino zina zomwe njirayi imapeza:

Chipangizocho, ngati chikugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, chithandizira kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yama injini mokhazikika;

Ntchito yopanga injini idzalipira mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi;

· Kukhazikitsa gawo lapadera kumapulumutsa ndalama pogula injini yayikulu yomwe "idya" mafuta ambiri;

Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kumamveka bwino ndikuchulukira kwa injini;

· Mwachangu injini pafupifupi kawiri.

 Ndipo chomwe chili chofunikira - mpweya wotulutsa utsi utagwiritsidwa ntchito yachiwiri umakhala woyeretsa kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sizowononga chilengedwe.

Mitundu ndi mawonekedwe a turbocharger

Chipangizocho chimaikidwa pamakina a mafuta - osiyana - ali ndi nkhono ziwiri, zomwe zimathandiza kuteteza mphamvu zamagetsi kuchokera ku mpweya wotulutsa mpweya komanso zimawalepheretsa kulowa mu injini. Kupanga mafuta kumafuna chipinda chozizira chomwe chimatsitsa kutentha kwa jakisoni wosakanikirana (mpaka madigiri 1050) kuti tipewe kuyatsa kosachedwa.

Kwa injini za dizilo, kuziziritsa sikofunikira kwenikweni, kutentha ndi kuthamanga kwa mpweya kumaperekedwa ndi zida zam'madzi zomwe zimasintha masamu chifukwa cha masamba osunthika omwe amatha kusintha mawonekedwe. Valve yolowera ndi pneumatic kapena magetsi pamagetsi a dizilo a mphamvu yapakatikati (50-130 HP) imasintha turbocharger. Ndipo zida zamphamvu kwambiri (kuyambira 130 mpaka 350 hp) zili ndi chida chomwe chimayendetsa mafuta osalala (magawo awiri) jekeseni wamafuta molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya wolowa muzipilala.

Ma turbocharger onse amagawidwa malinga ndi zofunikira zambiri:

· Mwa mtengo wa kuwonjezeka dzuwa;

· Zolemba malire kutentha kutentha;

· Makokedwe ozungulira a chopangira mphamvu;

· Kusiyana kuthamanga kwa mpweya mokakamizidwa polowera ndi kubwereketsa kachitidwe;

Pamaziko a chida chamkati (sinthani geometry ya nozzle kapena kapangidwe kawiri);

· Mwa mtundu wa ntchito: axial (kudyetsa patsinde pakati ndi zotuluka kuchokera periphery) kapena ma radial (zochita mosiyana);

M'magulu, ogawidwa m'magulu a dizilo, gasi, injini zamafuta, komanso mphamvu zamavalo zamagulu;

· Pa gawo limodzi kapena awiri gawo supercharging dongosolo.

Kutengera ndi zomwe zatchulidwa, ma turbocharger amatha kukhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu mu kukula, zida zowonjezera ndikuyika m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Kodi turbo lag (turbo pit) ndi chiyani?

Kugwiritsa ntchito turbocharger koyambira kumayambira pafupipafupi pagalimoto, popeza kuthamanga kwambiri sikulandila mpweya wokwanira kuti upereke toror yayikulu.

Galimoto ikayamba mwadzidzidzi itaima, zomwezo zimachitika chimodzimodzi: galimoto siyingathamangitse nthawi yomweyo, popeza kuti injiniyo ilibe mpweya woyenera. Iyenera kutenga nthawi kuti ipange ma revs apakatikati, nthawi zambiri masekondi ochepa. Ndi pakadali pano pomwe kuchedwa koyambira kumachitika, komwe kumatchedwa turbo pit kapena turbo lag.

Kuti athetse vutoli, palibe m'modzi, koma ma turbines awiri kapena atatu amaikidwa pamitundu yamagalimoto amakono, yogwira ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Maenje a turbo amathandizidwanso moyenera posuntha masamba omwe amasintha mawonekedwe a nozzle. Kusintha ngodya ya magudumu amatha kupanga zovuta mu injini.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa turbocharger ndi turbocharger (turbocharging)?

Ntchito ya chopangira mafuta ndikupanga makokedwe ozungulira, omwe amakhala ndi chitsulo chogwirizana ndi gudumu la kompresa. Ndipo chomalizirachi, chimapangitsanso mpweya wochulukirapo womwe umafunikira kuyaka kwamafuta osakanikirana. Ngakhale kufanana kwamapangidwe, njira zonse ziwiri zimakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu:

· Kukhazikitsa kwa turbocharger kumafunikira mawonekedwe ndi maluso apadera, chifukwa chake imayikidwa mwina mufakitole kapena m'malo ena apadera. Woyendetsa aliyense amatha kukhazikitsa kompresa yekha.

· Mtengo wa turbo dongosolo ndi apamwamba kwambiri.

· Kukonza kompresa ndikosavuta komanso kotchipa.

· Makina opangira magetsi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa injini zamphamvu kwambiri, pomwe kompresa yokhala ndi kusuntha pang'ono ndikokwanira.

· Turbo system nthawi zonse imafuna mafuta kuti aziziritsa magawo otentha kwambiri. Kompresa Sakusowa mafuta.

· Turbocharger imathandizira kuwonongera mafuta, pomwe kompresa, m'malo mwake, imakulitsa magwiritsidwe ake.

· Turbo imayendetsa makina abwino, pomwe kompresa imafunikira mphamvu.

· Pamene kompresa ikuyenda, palibe chodabwitsa cha "turbo lag", kuchedwetsa kuyendetsa (unit) ntchito kumangowonedwa mu turbo yokha.

· Turbocharging imayatsidwa ndi utsi wa mpweya, ndipo kompresa imayendetsedwa ndi kasinthasintha ka crankshaft.

Sitinganene kuti ndi njira iti yomwe ili yabwinoko kapena yoyipa, zimadalira mtundu wa kuyendetsa komwe dalaivala wagwiritsira ntchito: kwa wankhanza, chida champhamvu kwambiri chimachita; Chete - kompresa wamba ndi yokwanira, ngakhale tsopano sanapangidwe mwanjira ina.

Moyo wautumiki wa Turbocharger

Zida zoyambira magetsi zinali zodziwika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka pafupipafupi ndipo sizinali zodalirika kwenikweni. Tsopano zinthu zasintha kwambiri, chifukwa cha kutukuka kwamakono kwamakono, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosagwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa thupi, kutuluka kwa mitundu yatsopano yamafuta, yomwe imafunikira kusankha kosamalitsa.

Pakadali pano, moyo wogwira ntchito wamagulu owonjezera ukhoza kupitilirabe mpaka mota zitatha kuthana ndi zida zake. Chinthu chachikulu ndikudutsa nthawi yoyendera zamakono, zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuzindikira zovuta zochepa panthawi yoyamba. Izi zipulumutsa nthawi yayikulu pamavuto ang'onoang'ono komanso ndalama zokonzanso.

Kugwira bwino ntchito kwa dongosololi ndikuwonjezera moyo wake kumakhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwakanthawi kwakanthawi kwa fyuluta yamafuta ndi mafuta amafuta.

Ntchito ndi kukonza makina amagetsi

Pakokha, mphamvu yowonjezera sifunikira kukonza kosiyana, koma kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kumadalira momwe injini ilili. Kuwonekera kwa mavuto oyamba kukuwonetsedwa ndi:

· Maonekedwe a extraneous phokoso;

· Wodziwika mowa wa injini mafuta;

• utsi wabuluu kapena wakuda womwe ukutuluka mumphuno;

· A lakuthwa kuchepa mphamvu injini.

Nthawi zambiri, zoyipa zimakhudzana mwachindunji ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta otsika kwambiri kapena kusowa kwake kosalekeza. Kuti musadandaule zakulephera kwakanthawi kwa "chiwalo chachikulu" ndi "chosangalatsa" chake, muyenera kutsatira upangiri wa akatswiri:

· Sambani chofufutira, fyuluta ndikuwonanso chothandizira mu nthawi yake;

Nthawi zonse musunge mafuta omwe amafunikira;

· Nthawi zonse yang'anani momwe kulumikizana kwasindikizidwira kuli;

· Konzani injini musanayambe kugwira ntchito;

· Mukayendetsa galimoto mwamakani kwa mphindi 3-4 mugwiritse ntchito ulesi kuti muziziritsa chopangira mphamvu;

· Kutsatira malangizo a wopanga kuti agwiritse ntchito fyuluta yoyenera ndi kalasi yamafuta;

· Nthawi zonse mumakonzedwa ndikuwunika momwe mafuta amagwirira ntchito.

Ngati, komabe, funso lokonzekera bwino limabuka, liyenera kuchitidwa kokha pamsonkhano wapadera. Ntchitoyi iyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zoyenera kukhalabe zaukhondo, chifukwa kulowa kwa fumbi m'dongosolo sikuvomerezeka. Kuphatikiza apo, zida zofunikira zidzafunika pakukonzanso.

Momwe mungakulitsire moyo wa turbocharger?

Mfundo zitatu zazikuluzikulu zimatsimikizira kuti ntchito ya chopangira mphamvu ndi yolondola komanso yayitali:

1. Kusintha kwa fyuluta kwakanthawi komanso kusungitsa mafuta mu injini. Komanso, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zokhazo zomwe wopanga akupanga. Mutha kugula zinthu zoyambirira kuchokera kwa ogulitsa / oimira kampani, kuti mupewe kugula zabodza.

2. Kuyimilira modzidzimutsa mutayendetsa galimoto yothamanga kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti dongosololi lizigwira ntchito popanda mafuta, popeza gudumu loyendetsa chopitilira limapitilizabe kuyenda ndi inertia, ndipo mafuta ochokera mu injini yomwe yazimitsidwa sathanso kuyenda. Izi sizikhala kwakanthawi, pafupifupi theka la miniti, koma chizolowezi chomangochi chimapangitsa kuti mpira uzivala mwachangu. Chifukwa chake muyenera kuti muchepetse liwiro pang'onopang'ono, kapena lolani injini izichita ulesi pang'ono.

3. Osapanikiza mpweya mwadzidzidzi. Ndibwino kuti mupeze liwiro pang'onopang'ono kuti mafuta a injini azikhala ndi nthawi yokwanira kuyendetsa makina oyenda bwino.

Malamulowa ndiosavuta, koma kuwatsatira limodzi ndi malingaliro aopanga kumakulitsa kwambiri moyo wamagalimoto. Monga ziwerengero, 30% okha a madalaivala amatsata malangizo othandiza, chifukwa chake pali madandaulo angapo okhudza kusachita bwino kwa chipangizocho.

Nchiyani chingawonongeke mu turbocharger yamagalimoto?

Kuwonongeka kofala kwambiri kumalumikizidwa ndi mafuta osavomerezeka a injini komanso fyuluta yampweya.

Pachiyambi choyamba, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisinthe gawo loyipitsidwa munthawi yake, komanso osayeretsa. "Kusunga" koteroko kumatha kubweretsa zinyalala zomwe zimalowa mkatikati mwa dongosololi, zomwe zingasokoneze mtundu wamafuta okhala ndi mafuta.

Mafuta opanga okayikitsa amachitanso chimodzimodzi. Mafuta oyipa amabweretsa kufulumira kwa ziwalo zamkati, osati zowonjezera zowonjezera, koma injini yonse imavutika.

Ngati zizindikiro zoyambirira za kulephera zikupezeka: mawonekedwe a mafuta otayikira, kugwedezeka kosafunikira, mawu omveka bwino, muyenera kulumikizana ndi msonkhano kuti mupeze kuzindikira kwa mota.

Kodi ndizotheka kukonza chopangira mphamvu mgalimoto

Kugulidwa kwa chinthu chilichonse chatsopano, komanso chokhudzana kwambiri ndi makina, kumatsagana ndikupereka khadi yotsimikizira, momwe wopanga amalengeza nthawi yina yazipangizo zopanda mavuto. Koma madalaivala owunika nthawi zambiri amagawana zokhumudwitsa zawo zokhudzana ndi kusiyana pakati pa nthawi yolengeza. Mwinanso, vuto silikhala ndi wopanga, koma ndi mwiniwake, yemwe sanatsatire malamulo ovomerezeka.

Ngati m'mbuyomu kuwonongeka kwa chopangira mphamvu kunatanthauza mtengo wa chida chatsopano, ndiye kuti pakadali pano chipangizocho chingabwezeretsedwe pang'ono. Chofunikira ndikutembenukira kwa akatswiri munthawi yake ndi zida zoyenera ndi zida zoyambirira zovomerezeka. Palibe chifukwa choti mudzikonzekeretse, apo ayi simusowa kusintha magawo angapo, koma mota wonse, ndipo izi zidzawononga kale zochulukirapo.

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa turbine ndi turbocharger? Makinawa ali ndi mtundu wina wagalimoto. Makina opangira magetsi amapangidwa ndi kutuluka kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya. Compressor imalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi shaft yamoto.

Kodi turbocharger imagwira ntchito bwanji? The turbocharger pagalimoto ndi adamulowetsa yomweyo pamene injini wayamba, chifukwa kulimbikitsa mphamvu mwachindunji amadalira liwiro injini. The impeller amatha kugonjetsa kuukoka mkulu.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa turbocharging ndi turbocharger? Turbocharging sichinanso koma chopangira chamba chomwe chimayendetsedwa ndi mphamvu ya mtsinje wotuluka. Turbocharger ndi turbocharger. Ngakhale kuti ndizosavuta kukhazikitsa, ndizokwera mtengo.

Kodi turbocharger ndi chiyani? Makinawa, monga turbine yapamwamba, amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya injini yokha (pokhapokha, mphamvu ya kinetic ya shaft, osati mpweya wotulutsa mpweya) kuti ipititse patsogolo kuyenda kwa mpweya wabwino womwe ukubwera.